The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• various groups [10][12][15][23][24][25][26]. Most studies have a similar goal that is to find a method to affect the boundary slip condition by increasing the boundary slip length, which then reduces the drag of fluid flow. Recently, it is found that a higher hydrophobicity can provide a larger slip

• studies show that a larger hydrophobicity will lead to larger boundary slip. In this experiment, with an application of applied voltage, the hydrophobicity is expected to decrease, which was shown on a PS surface. However, the slip length either increases (in DI water) or remains constant (in saline) on

Cyclodextrin-poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanoparticles able to complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate

• Daniela Ailincai and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.76

• poly(ε-caprolactone), which is known for its high hydrophobicity. To obtain an amphiphilic behavior requires the presence of a hydrophilic compound, which also has to comply with the biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity requirements. Copper catalyzed click chemistry became a very

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

• Jun Zhao,
• Bettina Frank,
• Frank Neubrech,
• Chunjie Zhang,
• Paul V. Braun and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

• hydrophobicity of the PMMA layer. Before drop coating of the polystyrene (PS) spheres, which have negative electric surface charges, we should bring at first a net positive charge to the polymer layer for a better adherence and arrangement. Here we use a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) solution

AFM as an analysis tool for high-capacity sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries

• Renate Hiesgen,
• Seniz Sörgel,
• Rémi Costa,
• Linus Carlé,
• Ines Galm,
• Natalia Cañas,
• Brigitta Pascucci and
• K. Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 611–624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.68

• initial carbon-rich surface and the reduction of energy dissipation values after cycling indicates a loss of carbon after cycling. The adhesion force is quite sensitive to the properties of a thin surface layer. A difference in surface hydrophobicity is visible in the adhesion force, which has been shown

Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi^® bionanocomposite

• Hamonangan Nainggolan,
• Saharman Gea,
• Emiliano Bilotti,
• Ton Peijs and
• Sabar D. Hutagalung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 325–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.37

• of pure Mater-Bi and Mater-Bi/FBC composites are shown in Figure 3, and the results are listed in Table 1. The crystallinity of Mater-Bi decreases when blended with FBC as a reinforcing agent, perhaps as a result of the increased hydrophobicity of the composites due to the introduction of hydrophobic

Variations in the structure and reactivity of thioester functionalized self-assembled monolayers and their use for controlled surface modification

• Inbal Aped,
• Yacov Mazuz and
• Chaim N. Sukenik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 213–220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.24

• template for inorganic oxide deposition [16]. The work reported herein extends this chemistry in two important directions. In one instance, thioesters with acyl components of varying chain length are shown to provide a tool for varying the initial hydrophobicity of the monolayer surface from medium

• hydrophobicity (water contact angles of about 70°) to very hydrophobic (water contact angles >110°). Each of these thioesters can be converted into sulfonic acids so as to provide fully wetted surfaces. The systematic variation in molecular chain length that produced the steadily changing hydrophobicity also

• cleavage. The methylene stretching frequencies for all of the thioester SAMs are typical of monolayers with low crystallinity in their chain packing [18][19]. Compounds 1 represent a homologous series whose variable chain length systematically changes the film thickness and surface hydrophobicity. The

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• hydrophobicity, as it contains a relatively long hydrophobic chain. The ATRP initiator BMPOPO4 was immobilized on the imogolite surface from an aqueous solution at room temperature. The pH is an important parameter in this modification reaction. A low pH value is favorable for the fine dispersion of imogolite in

• to cause an increase in the positive charge on Al atoms, as mentioned above. The difference in bonding manner between DDPO4 and BMPOPO4 on the imogolite surface may be due to the different hydrophobicity of these two molecules. The amount of adsorbed BMPOPO4 was estimated to be 49 wt % by

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• semiconductors (Si, GaN, InP, InGaAs) provide a unique way to alter the properties of a surface at will. This ability may be manifested through a variety of phenomena, among which are wetting phenomena (hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity and oleophobicity), electronic phenomena (from affecting band bending and work

Surface induced self-organization of comb-like macromolecules

• Konstantin I. Popov,
• Vladimir V. Palyulin,
• Martin Möller,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Igor I. Potemkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 569–584, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.61

• behavior [46][47][48]. Both scaling theory [46][47] and simulations [47][48] predicted that collapse of the main chain with increase of hydrophobicity in densely grafted combs would lead to formation of a necklace of intramolecular starlike micelles, with hydrophobic corelike domains connected by extended

Fabrication of multi-parametric platforms based on nanocone arrays for determination of cellular response

• Lindarti Purwaningsih,
• Tobias Schoen,
• Tobias Wolfram,
• Claudia Pacholski and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 545–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.58

• , respectively. Contact angle measurements were carried out prior to the surface functionalizations in order to determine the intrinsic hydrophobicity resulting from the nanostructure. Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1) illustrates the contact angle measurements taken from nanocone arrays prepared from

• °). Attaching biomolecules to the surfaces lowers the contact angle to values of approximately 20° proving that the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the substrates is a constant parameter in the following cell experiments. The potential of the substrates to support neural cell adhesion was tested with SHSY5Y

Recrystallization of tubules from natural lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on a Au(111) surface

• Sujit Kumar Dora and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 261–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.30

• HOPG (non-polar) to horizontally oriented tubules on polar substrates, e.g., silicon, alumina, or glass, they concluded that surface polarity is responsible for tubule orientation. They also demonstrated an increase in the hydrophobicity of the HOPG surface covered with tubules by measuring the contact

Hierarchically structured superhydrophobic flowers with low hysteresis of the wild pansy (Viola tricolor) – new design principles for biomimetic materials

• Anna J. Schulte,
• Damian M. Droste,
• Kerstin Koch and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 228–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.27

• geometrically enhances its hydrophobicity. In the Cassie–Baxter model [12] air remains trapped below the droplet in the surface cavities, which also leads to a superhydrophobic behavior, because the droplet sits partially on air [13]. The Wenzel model describes homogeneous wetting by the following equation

Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf

• Hans J. Ensikat,
• Petra Ditsche-Kuru,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 152–161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.19

• heterogeneous contact between surface and water. The contact area depends on the hydrophobicity of the surface and on the pressure of the water or on the kinetic energy or velocity of the striking water drops. At low pressures, caused by resting or rolling water droplets, the contact area is determined by the

• measurements are the standard tool for the determination of hydrophobicity. But the measurement of very high contact angles is often inaccurate due to difficulties in the determination of the exact drop shape [16], particularly on uneven leaf surfaces. For many superhydrophobic plant surfaces, the contact

• many platelet-shaped epicuticular waxes, can present the OH-group on the surface, e.g., if they are in contact with a polar environment (water). Holloway (1969) [19] studied the hydrophobicity and water contact angles of various plant waxes and pure wax components. He found the highest contact angles

Capillary origami: superhydrophobic ribbon surfaces and liquid marbles

• Glen McHale,
• Michael I. Newton,
• Neil J. Shirtcliffe and
• Nicasio R. Geraldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 145–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.18

• ribbon up against gravity and wrap itself. Figure 1 and Figure 2 are illustrative of the ability of capillary forces to deform, fold and bend substrates. The concepts of capillary origami and droplet wrapping also have implications for our understanding of the definition of hydrophobicity and its

• , in an absolute sense, be considered hydrophilic [11]. That work also discussed why for a partially wetting droplet to be observed there is necessarily an assumption of some rigidity of the substrate, so that the usual definition of relative hydrophobicity (and relative hydrophilicity) through contact

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• often heterogeneous in their chemical composition, functionalized nanoparticles provide good model systems to study and tune the mobility of nano-objects on these substrates. As a next step, the role of the hydrohilicity and hydrophobicity of the functional grafting on spherical Au nanoparticles is

Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity

• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 66–84, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.9

• mentioned earlier and shown in Table 1, the introduction of roughness increases the hydrophobicity of the surfaces responsible for reduction in drag or pressure drop. The hierarchical structure with highest contact angle and lowest static contact angle hysteresis provided the lowest pressure drop. It is

• hierarchical structures show much higher slip lengths of 91 and 103 µm, respectively, which implies the boundary slip increases with increasing hydrophobicity of solid surfaces. Slip length measurements have also been made on the nanoscale on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces with various degrees of

• hydrophobicity using a dynamic AFM method [16][33]. Data on one hydrophilic, one hydrophobic, and one superhydrophobic surface are presented in Table 2. Mica was taken as the hydrophilic surface. Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by deposition of evaporated plant wax on smooth epoxy

Single-pass Kelvin force microscopy and dC/dZ measurements in the intermittent contact: applications to polymer materials

• Sergei Magonov and
• John Alexander

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 15–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.2

• hydrophobic surface of PS-enriched domains. The droplets are characterized by a relatively large wetting angle that indicates hydrophobicity of the underlying locations. Compared to surface potential studies the use of dC/dZ measurements was relatively limited by studies of organic layers [23] and water

Fabrication and spectroscopic studies on highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanorod polymer composites

• Jana Bomm,
• Andreas Büchtemann,
• Angela Fiore,
• Liberato Manna,
• James H. Nelson,
• Diana Hill and
• Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 94–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.11

• present, the NRs were dispersed at several concentrations in a monomer mixture of lauryl methacrylate (LMA) with the cross-linking agent ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) and the liquid UV-initiator Darocure® 4265. LMA provides the hydrophobicity required preventing agglomeration, and by changing the

• amount of cross-linker either flexible (<20 wt % EGDM) or rigid nanocomposites could be fabricated. In our second method we fabricated thin polymer films using a radical free drop-casting process. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) was chosen as polymer because of its high transparency, hydrophobicity and

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• polymer and precursor materials. Commercially available diblock-co-polymers were used exclusively (Polymer Source Inc., Canada) of the type PS(x)-b-P2VP(y) or PS(x)-b-P4VP(y), where x and y denote the number of monomers per block and, thus, determine the length of each block. Due to the hydrophobicity of