Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• identified (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1) that there was about 2.1 wt % of iron in the sample. This contamination originates from the carbon nanotubes, where iron usually serves as a catalyst for their growth [36]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to track the degree of degradation

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• a glassy carbon (GC) substrate in a sequence of electrodeposition and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) steps as follows: Primary CNTs are grown over electrodeposited iron by CVD followed by a second Fe deposition and finally the CVD growth of secondary CNTs. The prepared 3-dimensional CNT structures

• achieved via sequential growth of primary CNTs and secondary CNTs by CVD and finally Pt electrodeposition. CNT growth was carried out over electrodeposited iron nanoparticles. By varying the growth time, gas flow rate and ratio of H2/Ar, it was shown that the structural properties of the primary and

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• the ORR catalytic activity in some carbon catalysts (i.e., carbon alloy catalysts (CACs)). To prove our assumption, we needed to use WGLs consisting of carbon materials, but without any extrinsic catalytic elements, such as nitrogen, iron, or cobalt, which effectively enhance ORR activity. The present

• . Controlling carbonization by metal catalysts such as iron or cobalt produces nanoshell-containing carbon (NSCC) with ORR activity [30][31][32][33][34][35]. This activity is thought to originate from surface defects formed on the nanoshell carbons, including edges and warped graphitic layers (WGLs) [31][36

• diamond phase, nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, sulfur, and transition metals like iron and cobalt. Such WGLs can be obtained from fullerene-related materials. We selected a commercial carbon, Nanom Black, which is a fullerene extraction residue from a fullerene soot prepared by a combustion method [40]. The

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• output of a NP system [15][20][21]. Sathya et al. prepared CoxFe3−xO4 nanocubes by a thermal decomposition method and showed that nanoparticles of 18–20 nm in size and a Co fraction of x = 0.5–0.7 have the highest SAR value and are suitable for hyperthermia applications [12]. Nemati et al. prepared iron

• substituting iron ions in the magnetite structure. This indicates an increase of the interplane distances (d) in the spinel structure. Similar results have been reported for NixCo1−xFe2O4 NPs by Caetano and co-workers [15]. According to Bragg’s law, λ = 2d·sin θ, (λ is the wavelength of X-ray wavelength, here

• , tend to occupy both the B-sites and the smaller A-sites (see Figure 6). This mixed occupancy in cobalt-substituted magnetite nanoparticles has been confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy [30]. Therefore, it is expected that when cobalt ions substitute iron ions at the A-sites, an increasing Me–O bond

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• doping. Elemental and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results are shown in Table 1. The elemental analysis confirmed the efficiency of the doping, and showed that S-CNT contains a significant amount of residual catalyst (iron, encapsulated in the structure of the tubes). An effect of heat

• matrix, while the oxidation of surface thiols should produce S–O bonds (peak at 168 eV). The presence of pyrite could arise from the significant amount of remaining iron catalyst in this sample. Different nitrogen groups are present in N-CNT, and the proportion of these groups was determined by

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• magnetic properties and there is no literature at all regarding non-stoichiometric NPs. Artus et al. produced stoichiometric NPs of various sizes (from 2.4 to 6.2 nm) depending on the hydrolysis ratio, starting from iron chloride and cobalt acetate in 1,2-propane-diol [22]. The blocking temperature (TB) of

• stoichiometric NPs of different sizes, between 5 and 7 nm, in diethylene glycol, starting from iron and cobalt acetates, and using a seed-mediated growth approach [23]. They obtained monodisperse and stable particles, superparamagnetic at room temperature (RT), with, once again, high saturation magnetization

• functionalized by coupling agents such as phosphonic acids to be introduced in polymers [32][33]. Experimental Synthesis of the nanoparticles The synthesis of the CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles (NPs) was carried out using the polyol process [22], starting from iron and cobalt acetates, Fe(CH3COO)2 and Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• CTA-saponite was stronger than in montmorillonite and CTA-montmorillonite, suggesting that the iron atoms in montmorillonite play a significant role through the quenching of excited states. In the photodegradation experiments, the ZnO–smectite nanoarchitectures show a longer life time at low pH values

• ][132]. The incorporation of various types of NPs using neat clay and applying a two-step synthesis has been reported. A recent example of this refers to the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles to a Fe3O4-sepiolite nanoarchitecture previously prepared by in situ formation of superparamagnetic iron-oxide

• nanoparticles on the external surface of sepiolite fibres. The resulting ZnO–Fe3O4@sepiolite nanoarchitecture exhibits photoactivity due to the ZnO NPs, and the presence of magnetite NPs facilitates the recovery by the use of a magnet (Figure 4) [133]. Moreover, the presence of iron oxide could be useful also

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• analysis. Magnetic measurements indicated that the polymer coating does not affect the superparamagnetic character of the iron oxide core. However, magnetic saturation decreased with increasing thickness of the polymer coating. The antioxidant properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using a 2,2

• -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Cellular uptake and intracellular antioxidant activity of the particles were evaluated by an iron assay and flow cytometry, respectively, using L-929 and LN-229 cells. Compared to the control, the phenolic modification significantly reduced intracellular reactive

• catalyzed by metal-ion cofactors, such as iron, copper, zinc, and manganese [3]. The non-enzymatic antioxidant defense uses glutathione, vitamins C and E, melatonin, catecholamines, and substances of plant origin, such as phenols and carotenoids, to interrupt undesirable ROS action. Phenolic compounds are

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• optic jumper to better interact with the light. The lattice spacing of the Fe3O4 NP material is shown in Figure 2b. Yellow, green and red circles correspond to positive trivalent iron ions, positive divalent iron ions and negative divalent oxygen ions, respectively. The inserts show three different

Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy

• Alexander Krivcov,
• Jasmin Ehrler,
• Marc Fuhrmann,
• Tanja Junkers and
• Hildegard Möbius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.106

• overlapped by additional forces acting on the tip such as electrostatic forces. In this work the possibility to reduce capacitive coupling effects between tip and substrate is discussed in relation to the thickness of a dielectric layer introduced in the system. Single superparamagnetic iron oxide

• roughness of dielectric films with increasing film thickness. Keywords: capacitive coupling; electrostatic effects; magnetic force microscopy; nanoparticles; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION); Introduction MFM has become an important tool for studying magnetic properties of surface

Magnetic field-assisted assembly of iron oxide mesocrystals: a matter of nanoparticle shape and magnetic anisotropy

• Julian J. Brunner,
• Marina Krumova,
• Helmut Cölfen and
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva)

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 894–900, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.90

• Julian J. Brunner Marina Krumova Helmut Colfen Elena V. Sturm (nee Rosseeva) University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.90 Abstract This letter describes the formation and detailed characterization of iron oxide mesocrystals produced by the directed assembly of superparamagnetic

• iron oxide-truncated nanocubes using the slow evaporation of the solvent within an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field. Anisotropic mesocrystals with an elongation along the direction of the magnetic field can be produced. The structure of the directed mesocrystals is compared to self

• to further design novel superstructures including mesocrystals with outstanding morphologies and orientational relations of nanocrystals, which cannot be formed otherwise. In our previous study, the iron oxide nanocrystal synthesis and characterization as well as the formation of self-assembled

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) were synthesized following a simple method based on solid-state ball milling and calcination of nitrate precursors and citric acid, discussed previously to prepare pure MnFe2O4 [22]. Manganese nitrate (Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, Merck, 99%), iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Merck, 99

• 1000 Hz. Mössbauer spectra were recorded at room temperature using a source of 57Co in Rh, in transmission geometry. The velocity scale was calibrated using a 25 μm Fe foil; the isomer shift values are referred to metal iron. The spectra were analysed as a superposition of two components with peaks of

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• latter group, nanostructures of metals [38], metal oxides (including iron oxides) [39], and metal chalcogenides [40][41] were studied. Tungsten oxides [42] and molybdenum oxides [43] were studied, as well as their disulfides. The disulfides were tested mainly in the forms of nanosheets [44], nanoflakes

• chalcophylic metal ions (nickel, iron, ruthenium) and leaving parts of the ion coordination sites free for docking to the chalcogen layer. The molecular structure of both NTA and TerPy enables performing versatile chemistry on the ligand. Cerium is a metal of the lanthanide series with versatile coordinative

• contents were washed with three portions of ddH2O (10 mL each), and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min at 18 °C each time. The washed nanocomposite was dispersed in ddH2O (25 mL). The iron concentration in the dispersion was determined by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method to be 2.7 mg/mL

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• + conducting glasses [7]. To further expand the power of the technique, Mascaro et al. developed a real-time averaging system used in conjunction with a fast (high-bandwidth) PLL to improve the time resolution [12]. This enabled ionic transport measurements to be performed on lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4

Heating ability of magnetic nanoparticles with cubic and combined anisotropy

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Mikhail S. Nesmeyanov,
• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Natalia B. Epshtein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 305–314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.29

• ; Introduction Magnetic hyperthermia [1][2][3] is a promising therapeutic method that can be used in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer treatment. Iron oxide nanoparticles are among the materials most popular for application in biomedicine due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability [4

• ] have been devoted to the development of advanced methods for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles and measurement of their SAR under various conditions. It should be noted that in theoretical SAR calculations [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] the assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles with uniaxial

• magnetic anisotropy have mostly been studied. Meanwhile, perfect iron oxide nanoparticles of spherical shape should have cubic-type magnetic anisotropy [5]. However, to describe the existing experimental data properly one has also to take into account the possible perturbation of the nanoparticle shape. A

Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• details of a part (framed in blue in panel a) of such image. Such a detailed image allows us to illustrate the presence of nanoparticles of hundreds of nanometers in diameter and some with a diameter of under 100 nm. The EDX signals of such a sample revealed the presence of iron. This contamination

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• , 7000 Mons, Belgium Physics Department & Center for Environmental and Smart Technology (CEST), Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt 10.3762/bjnano.10.10 Abstract In this work, we investigated the parameters for decorating multiwalled carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles using

• a new, inexpensive approach based on wet chemistry. The effect of process parameters such as the solvent used, the amount of iron salt or the calcination time on the morphology, decoration density and nanocluster size were studied. With the proposed approach, the decoration density can be adjusted

• by selecting the appropriate ratio of carbon nanotubes/iron salt, while nanoparticle size can be modulated by controlling the calcination period. Pristine and iron-decorated carbon nanotubes were deposited on silicon substrates to investigate their gas sensing properties. It was found that loading

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• solutions [13] and iv.) iron by laser pyrolysis [14][15] or by electron beam evaporation [16]. Cobalt-doped tin oxide has also been reported, and the resulting polycrystalline films were prepared by spin-coating and annealing from chloride ethanolic solutions resulted in lower bandgap values than pure SnO2

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• reported N-heterocyclic carbene iron(II) dye in the presence of chenodeoxycholic acid co-adsorbant, can be considerably improved by altering the composition of the electrolyte while retaining an I−/I3− redox shuttle. Critical factors are the solvent, presence of ionic liquid, and the use of the additives 1

• the addition of TBP improves VOC, it causes significant decreases in JSC. The best performing DSCs with the NHC-iron(II) dye employ an I−/I3−-based electrolyte with MPN as solvent, DMPII ionic liquid (0.6 M) with no or 0.01 M MBI; values of JSC = 2.31 to 2.78 mA cm−2, VOC = 292 to 374 mV have been

• ; N-heterocyclic carbene iron(II) complex; solar energy conversion; sustainable energy; Introduction The field of dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs) has developed significantly [1][2][3] since the pioneering publication of O’Regan and Grätzel [4]. Photoconversion efficiencies (η) of ≈11–14% have been

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• and composition. These new colloidal analogues of molecules could serve as building blocks for the assembly of the next generation (meta-)materials. For example, attaching four different satellites (such as one gold, one silver, one iron oxide and one semiconductor nanoparticle) around a central sp3

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• the proximity of iron atoms constituting the ICR-2 structure. It is worth noting that the porphyrin loading does not affect the fluorescence quantum yields. Photobiological properties Cellular uptake and intracellular localization HeLa cells were treated with the nanoparticles in Eagle's Minimum

• ) and the structure of the modifying porphyrins (right). Colour coding: octahedrally coordinated iron atoms are blue and phosphinate tetrahedra are magenta, O (red), C (black), and H (white). Particle size distributions of nanoICR-2 (left) and nanoICR-2/TPPPi(Ph) (right). TEM images of parent nanoICR-2

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• /en/hipco, accessed August 2016). Figure 2a gives an example of the HRTEM image of this starting material. A small amount of residual iron catalyst is visible (dark particles pointed out by red arrows). Carbonaceous impurities are mainly present in the form of carbon remains of nanometric size

• fact that no iron or other metals are visible by XPS spectroscopy, while TEM micrographs have shown some residual catalyst particles embedded in carbonaceous remains or inside CNT bundles, as shown in Figure 2a. These carbon shells certainly hide the metallic species from the XPS analysis, which is

• were evacuated between 150 and 450 °C; the majority being detected around 370–400 °C. The detection of iron ions at m/z 56 was also found, as shown in the inset of Figure 7. Figure 7 also indicates that the ferrocene groups are detached mainly above 300 °C, a temperature that is too high to correspond

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• properties in biocompatible Fe3O4 NPs is of utmost importance for improved performance in MPH, MRI, or MPI [16][17]. It is essential to obtain Fe3O4 NPs of high crystallinity with bulk-like magnetic properties, which change with the NP size, shape and iron oxidation state [18][19][20]. These parameters can

• theranostic application of NPs in MRI and MPH. We conclude with a proof-of-principle in vitro study showing efficient induction of cell death. Size and morphology All Fe3O4–Au hybrid NPs were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl on the surface of Au NPs in a high-boiling solvent

• out-of-phase. At this point, r2 increases with the NP size. This regime is called the motional average regime (MAR). Therefore, MAR is predicted for relatively small iron oxide NPs, where water diffusion near NPs occurs on much faster timescales than the resonance frequency shift, resulting in

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• toxicity [5][6]. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with well-defined sizes, morphologies and surface are extremely useful in many different areas, in particular in biomedicine. As drug-delivery vehicles, such particles offer significant advantages compared to conventional drug formulations [7][8

• from MRI contrast agents to drug-delivery systems, local heat sources in magnetic hyperthermia therapy of tumors, magnetically assisted transfection of cells, and magnetic field-assisted separation techniques. Let us to note that MRI is already widely used in human medicine and several iron-oxide-based

• contrast agents have been approved by the regulatory authorities. It is well-known that the in vivo distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles is strongly influenced by their surface coatings. The coating ensures colloidal stability, prevents particles from aggregation, introduces functional groups for

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• nanomaterial was found to be toxic in some metal-based NPs (e.g., gold, silver, iron, and copper), while the bulk counterparts showed less toxicity [9]. The metal ions present at the surface of the particles were found to interact with biomolecules at a comparatively higher rate in nanoformulations compared to