A biofunctionalizable ink platform composed of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide/platinum nanocomposite

• Peter Sobolewski,
• Agata Goszczyńska,
• Małgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Karolina Urbaś,
• Joanna Derkowska,
• Agnieszka Bartoszewska,
• Jacek Podolski,
• Ewa Mijowska and
• Mirosława El Fray

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1508–1514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.151

• , Szczecin, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.8.151 Abstract We present an ink platform for a printable polymer–graphene nanocomposite that is intended for the development of modular biosensors. The ink consists of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide decorated with platinum nanoparticles (rGO–Pt). We

• range of inks, and scalable, as well as cost effective, thanks to reduced material waste and no mask or tooling requirement. Here we present a chitosan–catechol/graphene nanocomposite suitable for use as ink for piezoelectric non-contact printing that can serve as a platform for biosensor development

• aqueous polymer solution and can be printed by using a commercial non-contact piezoelectric microplotter. While the application of chitosan/graphene nanocomposites for biosensing is established [4], to our knowledge, this is the first time that such a nanocomposite has been formulated as ink. Importantly

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• -insoluble drugs from HpC films was examined by different study groups and the release profile was shown to be completed within approximately 10 h [71][72][73]. In another study regarding the release of paclitaxel (which is another member of taxane class, such as docetaxel, released from nanocomposite film

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• nanocomposite. Most commonly the inverse-micelle technique is used for the preparation of nanoparticles [35][36][37][38][39]. However, the spin-crossover properties of the bulk are often lost upon miniaturisation and only few examples preserving the hysteresis (bistability) in a nanostructured system are known

• in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1) is observed and the doublet is very symmetric in each case. Thus the steps observed in the transition curve are due to the packing of the CP in the crystal and will strongly depend on the crystallinity of the material. Synthesis of the nanocomposite For the

• micelle, in agreement with previous observations for [FeLeq(bipy)]n@BCP[13][58]. In the case of [FeLeq(bpea)]n@BCP a different behaviour is observed that is indicative for differences in the sample composition. Characterisation of the nanocomposite Particle sizes of the nanocomposites were determined by

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• reduced the Eg from 3.29 to 3.25 eV (Table 1, entries 3–7). The insignificant change in the Eg suggested that the Fe species might be loaded on the surface instead of incorporated into the TiO2 lattice. The obtained results matched well with the nanocomposite prepared via adsorption and decomposition of

• ratio in the Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared from the photodeposition method. The nanocomposite sample with the lowest Fe/Ti ratio of 0.1 mol % still showed a large surface area of 297 m2/g, while the nanocomposite sample with the highest Fe/Ti ratio of 1 mol % showed a value of 265 m2/g. These

• several cycles of photocatalytic reactions under UV light irradiation for 1 h. The Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD) sample gave a similar, comparable activity in a range of 82–88% even after 3 cycles of reactions, suggesting the good photostability of the Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD) nanocomposite and its potential

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• agents [5]. Currently, most of the research activities on Au–DNA nanocomposites (NCs) are in the field of therapeutics, medicine, and gene therapy. For example, in 2014, Li and co-workers reported the detection of the heavy metals Hg2+ and Cu2+ using a DNA–Ag nanocomposite system [6]. They demonstrated

• AuNSs and AuNRs to be +22.8 mV and +26.16 mV, respectively. However, zeta potential of DNA was −16.84 mV and upon binding with AuNSs and AuNRs changed to +16.67 mV and +10.40 mV, respectively. It was observed that after DNA–AuNP binding, the resultant electronic charge of the Au–DNA nanocomposite is

• concentrations (20 to 800 ppm as shown in Figure 10) which revealed its lowest detection limit. Analysis of real life samples To analyze the activity of the nanocomposite system, the detection of Mg2+ in different real life samples was performed. Laboratory tap water and Gelusil (a commercial antacid) were taken

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• where the IL confinement leads to an intermediate state between liquid and solid (conductivity vs mechanical strength, respectively), since σ298 K = 3.15 × 10−3 S·cm−1 and σ343 K = 1.12 × 10−2 S·cm−1 for one of the best polymer nanocomposite ionogel composed of modified PMMA bearing trimethoxysilane

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• nanocomposite hydrogel (TGH) was prepared by Zhang et al. by a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach where the spherical nanostructured TiO2 NPs were densely decorated onto the GS [89]. A 2D graphene–TiO2 sandwich structure was prepared by using ethylenediamine/H2O solvent in a reduction–hydrolysis technique

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• showed much faster diffusion rates (≈4 orders of magnitude higher) with a lower activation enthalpy than the GB diffusion [17]. Moreover, interfacial diffusion coefficients in an Fe3Si nanocomposite produced by crystallization (CRY) from a melt-spun amorphous sample were revealed to be even lower in

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• nm large and less than 2 nm for microporous gels. Macroporous materials have pore diameters greater than 50 nm [26]. An RDX/resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) nanocomposite has been synthesized [27] where 38 nm RDX crystallized in an RF aerogel matrix with a surface area of 551.5 m2/g (measurement taken

• triggered by supercritical CO2 drying. Even if the sensitivity and the density were not improved, the increase of the heat of explosion measured and the originality of the approach make the formation of a nanocomposite based entirely on energetic materials through chemical binding promising. Melting Many

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO₂/Fe₂O₃

• Andreea Laura Chibac,
• Tinca Buruiana,
• Violeta Melinte and
• Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

• through UV irradiation and can be conducted in very short time (seconds/minutes) at room temperature with no degradation of sensitive molecules [45][46]. The impact of the addition of different inorganic parts to the TiO2 NPs on the nanocomposite properties, including their photocatalytic performance in

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• the IRT measurements performed on the various composite polymer-based systems. A sketch of the setup for the thermographic measurements is shown in Figure 3. The composites under test include: glass-reinforced plastic (GRP), nanocomposites, and PMMA. The nanocomposite sample is made using an epoxy

• resin EC01 and filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) provided by Nanocyl with a purity grade >95% with an average diameter ≈10 nm and an average length of 1.5 μm. Further details on the nanocomposite fabrication are reported elsewhere [14][15]. The electric transport measurements have been

• the bending stress and f is the vertical displacement of the sample surface from the horizontal position. (b) Schematic view of the geometry of the sample under test. The sample dimensions are: 150 × 20 × 3 mm. Sketch of the setup used for the thermographic analysis of the PMMA/nanocomposite sample

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• malignancies, especially in GC. In this study, an ultrasensitive electrochemical nanobiosensor was developed for the detection of miR-106a using a double-specific probe methodology and a gold–magnetic nanocomposite as tracing tag. The successful modification of the electrode and hybridization with the target

• signal due to the presence of gold NPs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on using this kind of nanocomposite for the fabrication of a miRNA biosensor. In addition, we could not find any research on biosensor development for the detection miR-106a or other GC-specific biomarkers. Hence

• shown in Figure 1. After synthesis of gold–magnetic NPs as a three-layer nanocomposite, these particles were covalently coated with streptavidin by using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/NHS). Next, P1 was immobilized on NPs through

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• inorganic LDH with the polymer matrix during the polymerization [32]. Water soluble macromolecules such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(styrene sulfonate) were also intercalated into the layered structure to avoid the use of surfactant molecules which can alter nanocomposite

• ) polymerization [43] in the LDH matrix. This resulted in an exfoliated LDH/polystyrene nanocomposite with a good control of the molar mass of the polystyrene chains. Recently, we reported that highly stable dispersions at elevated macroRAFT copolymer concentrations [44] could be obtained by adsorbing statistical

• than the BA units. Our results demonstrate that hydrophilic macroRAFT polymers can be efficiently intercalated into MgAl-NO3 LDH forming a functional hybrid material which can be further involved in RAFT polymerization to promote grafting from polymerization or the formation of nanocomposite particles

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• coefficient from 10−16 cm2·s−1 (pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x) to 10−13 cm2·s−1. The nanosized carbon coatings also reduce the deep electrochemical degradation of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x during electrochemical cycling. The nanocomposite obtained by the pyrolysis of linear PVA demonstrates higher values of the apparent

• 3.85 V at the 15th cycle). This fact confirms a poorer reversibility of lithium insertion/extraction into the pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x. The electrokinetic properties of LNM/C nanocomposite obtained by the pyrolysis of linear PVA are significantly better than the ones of the corresponding composite

• distribution and to the higher content of conductive sp2-hybridized carbon in the coatings obtained by pyrolysis of linear PVA compared to the pyrolysis of cross-linked PVA [28]. Another reason for the superior electrokinetic properties of the LNM/C nanocomposite obtained from linear PVA could be associated

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• [56][57], with some modifications: instead of one polyanionic layer on the surface of microcapsules, a layer of negatively charged O-dots was used (Figure 8). Calcium carbonate microparticles were used as the template for fabrication of the nanocomposite shells. The first polyelectrolyte layer was

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• nanocomposite CdS–ZnO binary nanocomposite was prepared by employing a reported hydrothermal strategy [39]. In short, 0.2 M ZnCl2 was dispersed in 40 mL deionized water, followed by the addition of 0.5 M NaOH solution dropwise with continuous stirring. Aqueous ammonia was added to maintain the pH value around 8

• time, the product was collected by centrifugation and washed with ethanol and deionized water thrice, and dried in vacuum. Based on the molar ratio of the precursors used in the synthesis, the ratio of CdS to ZnO is expected to be 1:1 in this binary nanocomposite. Synthesis of CdS–ZnO–RGO ternary

• nanocomposite For the synthesis of the CdS–ZnO–RGO ternary nanocomposite, about 0.01 g of as prepared GO was dispersed in ethanol by ultrasonication. Then, 0.2 g of previously prepared CdS–ZnO was added to the GO solution under vigorous stirring for 2 h to obtain homogenous suspension. Once homogenization is

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• produced nanocomposite. The highly dispersed RGO–epoxy showed 52% improvement in fracture toughness (K1C) while poorly dispersed RGO–epoxy showed only 24% improvement in K1C. It shows that a better dispersion of RGO can be obtained using ball milling [13]. High-shear mixing and extrusion: High-shear mixing

• because of the poor dispersion state [40]. The nanocomposite strength can be used to estimate the dispersion state of the filler [120]. The interfacial interactions should be such that efficient transfer of mechanical load is guaranteed [2]. The aspect ratio should be large for a better load transfer from

• nanocomposites and reported increase in G1C up to 597% [164]. Electrical properties In MLG- and CNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposite, there is change in electrical behavior from insulator to conductor at a certain critical filler content known as percolation threshold [40][54]. The percolation theory was mainly

High antiviral effect of TiO₂·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Elena V. Bessudnova,
• Ekaterina I. Filippova,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1166–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.108

• TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposite consisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polylysine (PL)-containing oligonucleotides. Results: The TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposites bearing the DNA fragments targeted to different conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of segment 5 of influenza A virus (IAV) were studied

• surface at neutral pH [22]. Since the PL–DNA conjugate contains a 100-fold excess of the amino groups over an oligonucleotide [17], the majority of the amino groups are free to interact with the negatively charged surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The resultant TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposite was used to

• the DNA fragment. This nanocomposite concentration was much lower than TC50/mL (1800 µg/mL [18]). The results are presented in terms of the TCID50/mL values in Table 2. Table 2 also shows the extent of the IAV inhibition (n-fold) with the studied nanocomposites in comparison with the control without

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• , Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.7.106 Abstract The aim of this study was to produce nanocomposite polymer fibres, consisting

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• rectangular indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slide (resistivity of 8–12 Ω/□) was examined using SEM (Figure 1). The film is deposited on the ITO with the same experimental conditions as for the GCE. As shown, the nanocomposite has a short, tubular topology with a smooth surface. The nanocomposites are

• (200 g L−1) was added. After mixing, the prepared solution was left 2 h at 20 °C and then the absorbance was determined at 765 nm against the blank. The results were expressed using gallic acid as a standard (mg GAE L−1). SEM morphology of a PGA/MWCNT film nanocomposite at 7,500 magnification. Cyclic

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• inhomogeneity (inherent nanocomposite nature) of MWCNT hybrids, their size dispersion and non-uniform shape may cause deviation from the theoretical simulations. Nevertheless, the most important consequences of Koenig’s theory (NMRD simulations) in MWCNT hybrids is their growing T1 and T2 acceleration potential

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• properties compared to their bulk counterparts. During the last decade, composite materials have spurred large interest, and with the rise of nanotechnology, the development of new nanocomposite materials promoting new properties has taken a step forward. These nanocomposite materials will be the key

• conduction via the CNT. To date, numerous studies have been reported on the decoration of CNTs with metal oxides including TiO2 [7][8] and ZnO [9] for solar cell applications and SnO2 for gas sensors. Reports on the fabrication of an all carbon nanocomposite combining CNTs, graphene and carbon quantum dots

• interface in the noncurved regions of the CNT anchoring nanoparticles. In fact, several EELS spectra were taken from the hybrid nanocomposite at different places near the nanoparticles attached to the CNT. The EELS spectra were acquired from regions located far away from the carbon film of the TEM grid in

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• , we present the formation of gold nanorods (GNRs) on novel gold–poly(methyl methacrylate) (Au–PMMA) nanocomposite substrates with unprecedented growth control through the polymer molecular weight (Mw) and gold-salt-to-polymer weight ratio. For the first time, GNRs have been produced by seed-mediated

• direct growth on surfaces that were pre-coated with polymer-immobilised gold seeds. A Au–PMMA nanocomposite formed by UV photoreduction has been used as the gold seed. The influence of polymer Mw and gold concentration on the formation of GNRs has been investigated and discussed. The polymer

• nanocomposite formed with a lower Mw PMMA and 20 wt % gold salt provides a suitable medium for growing well-dispersed GNRs. In this sample, the average dimension of produced GNRs is 200 nm in length with aspect ratios up to 10 and a distribution of GNRs to nanoparticles of nearly 22%. Suitable characterization

Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles

• Julia A. Burunkova,
• Ihor Yu. Denisiuk,
• Dmitri I. Zhuk,
• Lajos Daroczi,
• Attila Csik,
• István Csarnovics and
• Sándor Kokenyesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55

• of the previously developed method of anhydrous, low-temperature synthesis of Er/Yb oxides from their chlorides we fabricated proper nanoparticles with defined parameters and used them for the development of optically transparent, luminescent polymer nanocomposite with low optical scattering

• , suitable for direct, light-induced formation of photonic elements. Introduction of preformed gold nanoparticles in such a nanocomposite was also performed and an enhancement of luminescence due to the influence of plasmon effects was detected. Keywords: gold nanoparticles; luminescence; optical materials

• ]. Planar waveguide amplifiers on the basis of Er-containing nanocomposites are actively investigated as well (see for example [2], where a PMMA-based, Yb2O3/Er2O3-containing polymer nanocomposite waveguide optical amplifier was demonstrated). This material ensures the functioning of the amplifier with an

Free vibration of functionally graded carbon-nanotube-reinforced composite plates with cutout

• Mostafa Mirzaei and
• Yaser Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 511–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.45

• laminated plates with a rectangular hole in the center was analyzed in this research. The properties of the plate were obtained according to a modified rule of mixtures, which includes the efficiency parameters to account for the size-dependent characteristics of the nanocomposite. The distribution of CNTs