Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• and B-doped (001)-TiO2 via a solvothermal method in order to improve the visible-light photocatalytic activity [15]. Cao et al. used first-principles simulations to study the electronic and optical properties of (001)-TiO2 and MoS2 composites. Their results suggested that the effective

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• –Ernzerhof (PBE) [20] pseudopotentials without spin–orbit interaction. Since the PBE functional fails to capture the electrical and optical properties of bulk MoO3 by a large margin (band gap of less than half of the experimental value), we also employ the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functional

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• covers both the blue and the green range. The optical properties of the generated white light are presented in Figure 4b. The highest CRI of 86 is obtained for the sample CDR 1, while CDR 2 and CDR 3, having lower shares of N-CDots, showed the lowest CRI of 74 and 73, respectively. At the highest amount

• particular fiber mass, was squeezed between two thin glass slides. The corresponding spectra are presented in Figure 5 together with the resulting optical properties including CRI, CCT, LER and luminous flux. The PL spectra of the white light generated by employing color conversion layers with different

• blue when the fiber amount is set to 30 mg. Hence, without dealing with the N-CDot amount directly, one can tune the spectral shape of the generated white light just by adjusting the mass of the fibers integrated into the WLEDs. The resulting optical properties are given in Figure 5b. The WLEDs

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• . The morphology and composition of the composite nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, and FTIR, respectively. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to characterize the optical properties. Keywords: hydrogels; nanocapsules; photothermal delivery; poly(NIPAM); porous silver shells; Introduction

• enhanced extinction compared to molecular chromophores [44][45]. This type of particle generally consists of a single metal or an alloy shell with or without a dielectric silica core [46][47][48]. Fortunately, for biological applications, the optical properties of the nanoshells can be tuned by varying the

• polymers to create a nanocomposite system in which the outer polymer shell can be thermally activated by absorption of light or by a magnetic field [41][61]. By combining the optical properties of nanoshells and the thermo-responsive activity of hydrogel polymers, the present study seeks to develop a

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• accumulated isotropically in strain-reduced regions, instead of occurring in the regions with a high tensile strain like in MoS2. Deniz et al. investigated the strain-related optical properties of monolayer BP using first principles calculations [7]. They found that the optical response of BP is sensitive to

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• eventually form a Si=O bridge, which does not require large additional amounts of energy or deformation to form [52][53]. These dangling bonds, which act as electrically active recombination centers for charge carriers, can alter the optical properties of the structure by contributing to oxide positive

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• out in 96-well plates using a VictorTM plate reader following protocols as described previously [90]. As the interference of AuNPs and AgNPs with these assays stems exclusively from the optical properties of the NPs, interference was avoided by eliminating NPs from the test system using careful

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• pattern corresponding to local modifications of the optical properties of the film gradually appeared, which turned out to be the signature of the growth of the Au nanoparticles. Moreover, the monitoring of the statistical distribution of the ellipsometric angles during annealing helped evidencing two

• they have large third-order nonlinearity, ultrafast time response (about picoseconds) and saturable absorption behavior [18][19]. However, light scattering at the surface of the device could be an important drawback for this application. The optical properties of NPs come from collective oscillations

• the in situ growth of NPs. For this purpose, we performed the annealing of Au3+-doped PVA films and we quantified the scattering of light that is induced by the AuNP growth. We monitored the evolution of the locally resolved optical properties of the film using imaging ellipsometry (IE) and determined

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• to understanding its structural and optical properties has been undertaken. Here we report quantitative, comprehensive work on the highly anisotropic, optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of few-layer 1T’-WTe2 by azimuth-dependent reflectance difference microscopy, DC conductance

• monolayer 1T’-WTe2 has a highly in-plane anisotropic crystal structure, in addition to anisotropic electrical, thermal and optical properties [23][24][25][26]. However, most of the results are based on theoretical demonstrations of the anisotropic phenomenon, rather than further quantitative data for the

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• transformation upon exposing them to aliphatic alcohols of low molecular weight. The transformation of smooth-faced crystals to interpenetrated networks of one-dimensional needle crystals occurred while preserving the cubic shape. Several potential applications based on their electronic and optical properties

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• treatment in an open atmosphere. Such films could be used to manufacture transparent contact electrodes for solar cells. Keywords: conductive transparent electrodes; indium tin oxide (ITO) films; optical properties; radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (rfMS); rapid thermal annealing (RTA); Introduction

• desired structure. In this paper, the influence of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the structure and optical properties of ITO films, obtained by rfMS, are reported. We conducted studies to optimize the deposition parameters in order to obtain ITO thin films with excellent properties. The main

• , electrical and optical properties, making them highly suitable for use as efficient electrodes in photovoltaic devices. Experimental Indium tin oxide (ITO) films with thicknesses ranging from 230 to 370 nm were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (rfMS). Quartz substrates (commercially

Magnetic segregation effect in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov,
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh and
• Dmitriy V. Makarov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1464–1474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.145

• modifies many properties of liquid crystals and leads to the possibility of obtaining new hybrid materials with unique electro- and magneto-optical properties, which opens prospects for new practical applications in optoelectronics, photonics, and display technology [11]. From a physical perspective, these

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• ][2][3], and pyroelectric and non-linear optical properties [4][5]. Recently, Bi2WO6 has shown good performance in the degradation of organic compounds [6][7][8], and photocatalytic oxygen evolution [9][10] and CO2 reduction [11][12][13] under visible-light irradiation. Bi2WO6 is the simplest member

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• TEM 3D tomography at low accelerating voltage with topography-based reconstruction to show the pore orientation at the various angles with the presence of AuNPs (see Supporting Information File 1 for the movie). Optical properties of AuNPs Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in the UV–vis spectrum

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• indexed to the (111) and (200) planes of Au, respectively, suggesting the Au/CBO composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared [24]. The UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded to discuss the optical properties of the photocatalysts (Figure 2b). Evidently, the absorption edge of pure CBO extended to

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• attracted great interest because of a possible application in visual sensors. The appearance of a photonic crystal is mainly influenced by the optical properties, structural parameters and the observation angle. In this work, an angle-sensitive photonic crystal with nanoscale gratings was fabricated through

• methods to prepare photonic crystals with grating pattern [8][9][10][11]. And NIL is most often reported because it is inexpensive and easily applied [12][13][14][15]. The appearance of a photonic crystal is mainly influenced by the optical properties, structural parameters and the observation angle [16

• ][17][18][19]. Duempelmann et al. fabricated asymmetric periodic nanostructures to explore the effects of the optical properties on the structural color [20]. Then, they used the photonic crystal as a strain sensor by mechanically changing the structural period to achieve the different structural

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• results in the generation of white light. WLED systems composed of a blue LED and YAG:Ce3+ is a facile and inexpensive way of obtaining white light. However, the white light by this system displays some inadequate optical properties, such as high correlated color temperature (CCT) and low color rendering

• method. The doping process and complete crystallization were achieved in 60 min. State-of-the-art first-principle calculations were performed on Y(OH)3:Eu3+ to investigate its crystallographic structure and resulting electronic and optical properties. In summary, a novel water-based, rapid, and simple

• Figure 4a indicated that this sample had the highest emission intensity. The optical properties (CRI, CCT, luminous efficiency (LER), and lumen) of the PDMS composites are presented in Figure 6. Figure 6a shows the CRI and CCT of the PDMS composites as a function of the amount of red phosphor. While the

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• processing with a probe tip installed in a SEM, which is equipped with a parabolic mirror in order to collect light emitted from the sample and to couple it into a spectrograph. This method was already applied to investigate local electro-optical properties of much larger micro-LEDs and is now applied to

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• model to simulate the PL emission from these types of structures and deeper optical characterization of this kind of sample is needed to better understand the optical properties for both the WL and the nanodots. Despite of the arguments (very small mean size of the CIS QDs, increasing mean size of the

Revisiting semicontinuous silver films as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Małgorzata Norek,
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz and
• Piotr Nyga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1048–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.105

• percolation threshold has the SERS signal about four times lower than the highest signal sample. Keywords: metal island film; plasmon resonance; semicontinuous silver film; SERS; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Noble metal nanostructures exhibit exceptional optical properties. They can

• ][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. However, transmittance, reflectance and absorption are rarely reported in these studies, and it is difficult to link the optical properties of these nanostructures with their SERS performance. In our earlier initial study we investigated SSFs as SERS substrates [55

• quartz crystal microbalance. Characterization of semicontinuous silver films Optical properties of SSFs were characterized using UV–vis–NIR Perkin Elmer Lambda 900 spectrometer. Transmittance was measured using a standard detector, while reflectance was measured with an integrating sphere module

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• size-selective fractionation; Introduction Due to the unique mechanical, chemical, thermal, magnetic and optical properties of nanometer-sized materials, they are often utilized in many fields [1]. Monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are nanoparticles of metal atoms stabilized by a

• supernatant was dried with N2 which was designated as the residue. Characterization of the structure and optical properties of gold nanoclusters High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements were recorded on a JEOL 2010 transmission electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan) operating at an

• the polydisperse product by SSSP. The structural and optical properties of the AuNC fractions were further investigated by TEM, 1H NMR, MS and XPS. Obtaining a narrow size distribution and higher purity AuNCs by SSSP will allow their optical, electronic and catalytic properties to be determined with

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• determination of optical properties that are related to the mass density and its gradients. It is important to measure n and κ from decreasingly smaller volumes and to compare with data obtained from the bulk samples. Here, we used a near-field scattering method to probe n and κ and to determine spectral

• collected from bulk samples. It shows that preparation of thin microtome slices of soft biomaterials is not altering their structure and opens the possibility to read optical properties from nanovolumes. In the case of optical measurements, optical averaging over thicker inhomogeneous volumes of samples can

• be avoided using nanoslices and this provides more reliable direct measurement of optical properties. The study demonstrated the characterisation of silk fibers with nanoscale resolution in all three dimensions. X-ray tomographic images showing 3D rendered volumes of white Bombyx mori silk fibers at

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• to analyze the crystal structure, morphology, elementary composition, optical properties and catalytic mechanism. The CdIn2S4/CCN nanocomposites with optimal CdIn2S4 content exhibited a maximum H2 production rate of 2985 μmol h−1 g−1, almost 15 times more than that obtained using pure g-C3N4 (205

• attention because of the suitable band edge and band gap, as well as tunable optical properties [23][24][25][26][27][28]. For example, CdIn2S4 has been reported in various photoredox catalysis, such as organic photosynthesis, CO2 photoreduction and H2 evolution [29][30][31]. Despite these advances, the

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• measurements of the chemical composition of the fabricated SNIFs by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and their optical properties by using UV–vis spectroscopy. Finally, we describe the SERS performance of SNIFs in the measurements of para-mercaptoaniline (pMA) molecules. Results and Discussion

• confirm that silver deposited by the PLD method does not oxidize during deposition under vacuum conditions. Optical properties of fabricated Ag nanoisland films The UV–vis spectra of fabricated silver nanoisland films are shown in Figure 5. In the case of a continuous layer of silver (4000 pulses, RT

• coupling between them. The strange behavior of samples B, G and I at lower wavelengths (270–280 nm) may be associated with the optical properties of the silicon substrate. Because silicon has the maximum of reflectance in this area, its effect is visible in the spectra of the thinnest silver films. SERS

Electronic properties of several two dimensional halides from ab initio calculations

• Mohamed Barhoumi,
• Ali Abboud,
• Lamjed Debbichi,
• Moncef Said,
• Torbjörn Björkman,
• Dario Rocca and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 823–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.82

• and the local density approximation. Bell and Dines [29] reported the results of DFT studies on the geometries and vibrational spectra of several chromium oxo-anions and bulk oxyhalides. Ruckamp et al. [21] reported on the magnetic, thermodynamic and optical properties of the quasi one-dimensional

• among experimentalists. Since bulk crystals are known to exist for some of them, mechanical exfoliation can be attempted to isolate one or few layers, and then to explore their electronic and optical properties. If successful, devices such as transistors, based on these monolayers could be fabricated