Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• without any changes, aside from oxidation. Here we demonstrate that iron as well as cobalt oxide structures on top of a cross-linked SAM on Ag/mica do change more significantly. The Fe(NO3)3 solution used for etching of the Ag layer also dissolves the cobalt oxide structures and causes dissolution and

• metallic nanostructures fabricated via EBID and Fe(CO)5 remain unchanged, besides oxidation. This result was achieved by using a SAM consisting of 1,1′,4′,1′′-terphenyl-4-thiol (TPT) on a Au substrate [21]. In this work, we want to gain more insight into the underlying processes yielding such hybrid

• , aside from oxidation, during the transfer process [21]. In this work, we studied a new system by using TPT SAMs on Ag instead of the analogue SAMs on Au. The main difference caused by changing the substrate is the different wet-chemical etching solution that is necessary for the lift-off process. For

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• points, identical oxide phases by electron beam evaporation of Ti on Pt(111) at increased oxygen partial pressures. However, the direct oxidation of the Pt3Ti alloy surface has the advantage of an easier reproducibility and an increased long-range order of the individual oxide phases [22]. For this study

• atoms remain in the oxidation state +VI and one is reduced to +IV (compare Figure 3c and Figure 3d). The latter one has less unoccupied electronic states and, therefore, is not resolved by scanning with a positive bias voltage. Our DFT calculations of W3O9 and of a hypothetical W3O8 molecule in the gas

• phase strongly support this theory (see Figure 4). The calculated geometries of both clusters are D3h and Cs for W3O9 and W3O8, respectively. The bond length distribution strongly changes, especially close to WIV. This results in strongly changed electronic properties. Two different oxidation states are

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• application in the field of catalysis and optics. Thus, it has been shown that, in heterogeneous catalysis, Cu–Au nanoalloys usually exhibit a synergistic effect in oxidative reactions and the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide at ambient temperature as well as in the selective

• oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and in the epoxidation of propene with nitrous oxide. Moreover, in experimental and theoretical works [9], it was clearly shown that the partial substitution of copper with gold leads to a change in the physicochemical properties in many cases. For example, there

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• , or to the perovskite (depending on the device type). This parasitic effect occurs through defects, such as pinholes and cracks in the blocking layer. Their presence is identified by the occurrence of anodic currents assigned to the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− at FTO areas exposed by these defect sites

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• . Saturation magnetization data at room temperature confirmed the existence of particles with an average size of 10–19 nm. XPS results supported by Mössbauer data validated the existence of Fe3+ and Mn2+ oxidation states in the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. XPS data indicated the existence of traces of FeOOH and

• MWCNTs, were prepared using wet chemistry methods. XPS and Mössbauer data confirmed that Fe3+ and Mn2+ are oxidation states for partially encapsulated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Significant XRD peak shifts (i.e., a decrease in interplanar distances) were observed for partially encapsulated manganese ferrite

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• the production of secondary waste products that require further treatment. Advanced oxidation processes, in general, and heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis, in particular, are promising candidates to efficiently treat wastewater as they are cost-effective and green treatment methods in which

• in the photocatalytic oxidation process. At last, benzoquinone (BQ, 0.05 mM), which is a well-known superoxide radical scavenger was added resulting in a reduction of the degradation percentage from 95% to 76% [61]. In summary, the mechanistic study indicates that •OH radicals, photogenerated holes

Seebeck coefficient of silicon nanowire forests doped by thermal diffusion

• Shaimaa Elyamny,
• Elisabetta Dimaggio and
• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1707–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.153

• require an oxidation of the surface for the trapping of the doping species. However, the reduction of the thermal conductivity, which is the aim of the nanoscale structuring, relies on the roughness of the nanowire surfaces, and the smoothing produced by the oxide growth would heavily reduce this effect

• applications, we cannot afford an oxidization process, because it would smooth the surfaces. The reduction of the thermal conductivity, which is essential for good thermoelectric features, relies on the roughness of the surfaces, which would be compromised by an oxidation step. Hence, the best solution is to

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, TX 78363, USA 10.3762/bjnano.11.143 Abstract The oxidation of Au/Ag alloy thin films using radio-frequency oxygen plasma was studied in this work. It was demonstrated that there is a phase separation occurring between

• silver and gold. In addition, it was shown that the preferential oxidation of silver resulted in a solid-state diffusion of silver toward the surface where it oxidized and formed nanoporous microspheres. The gold phase remaining in the film exhibited nanoporosity due to the injected vacancies at the

• metal/silver oxide interface. Based on the scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray mapping a mechanism was proposed based on solid-state diffusion and the Kirkendall effect to explain the different steps occurring during the oxidation process. Keywords

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• , a SiO2 thin film was grown on the silicon substrate before Ag2S deposition through rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) at a temperature of 950 °C for 25 s, and then HF etchant was used to open a Si window on SiO2. The experimental details regarding the RTO process are presented elsewhere [20]. To

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• with controllable shape, size and density is urgently required for SERS substrates for molecular recognition. Some researchers have fabricated nanostructures as SERS substrates by using electrochemical oxidation–reduction cycle (ORC) methods [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Generally, sheets of Au and Pt, and

• for fabricating sensitive three-dimensional SERS substrates. First, by controlling the parameters of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment, arrayed nanopores were formed on a Mg surface. Then, the nanopore surfaces were coated by incubating them with Au films for different lengths of time. The

• quantification of extremely small amounts of protein. Experimental As-cast Mg ingots were sliced into rectangular coupons (15 × 15 × 4 mm3) for anodic oxidation treatment. Prior to the treatment, all specimens were ground using SiC paper up to 1200 grit, and then degreased with ethanol and deionized water in

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• less be classified as biotic, photocatalytic, or chemical degradation [27]. In aqueous media, chemical degradation of MP can result in either oxidation, isomerization or hydrolysis as some authors have suggested [11][12][13][14][28]. Oxidation of MP leads to the formation of methyl paraoxon, which is

• with size of 16 nm have a stronger basicity because they generate a higher concentration of 4-NPh−. In other words, the chemical basicity of Cu2O increases with decreasing NPs size. This last result is best explained with Pearson’s concept of basicity [45][46], low oxidation number metal oxides are

• form on its surface. Consequently, both 16 nm and 29 nm NPs have a similar active surface size and the degradation percentage of MP is similar between 16 nm Cu2O (87%) and 29 nm Cu2O (83%). In order to avoid oxidation of Cu2O NPs, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can be used as a support [54]. Finally, XPS

Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100)

• Feifei Xiang,
• Tobias Schmitt,
• Marco Raschmann and
• M. Alexander Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1516–1524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.134

• ), even annealing to 420 K – and, in consequence, metalating – does not improve the molecular ordering of 2 on 1BL CoO. Further heating cannot be applied since oxidation of the molecules sets in. The self-assembled structures of 1 may be identified in detail with the help of bias-dependent STM imaging

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• electrophoresis [168]. The results showed that guanine is the most affected nucleobase due to its low redox potential, and its oxidation produces a wide variety of modifications that ultimately affect DNA function (Figure 7) [169]. NPs can not only affect bacteria but also other complex multicellular organisms

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• oxidation agent, which leads to no significant etching results, except for isolated trenches of less than 2 nm in diameter. This result shows that the oxidation agent, here H2O2, is mandatory for the MACE process. The wet etching with an oxidation agent is carried out with low H2O2 concentrations in the

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• platinum loading, degree of oxidation, and the very narrow particle size distribution are precisely adjusted in the Pt/C hybrid material due to the simultaneous deposition of platinum and carbon during the process. The as-synthesized Pt/C hybrid materials are promising electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell

• material Since the electrocatalytic performance of the Pt/CNW hybrid material is expected to depend on the amount, size, shape, distribution and oxidation of the embedded Pt-NPs [4], we carefully studied the influence of the four process parameters presented above on the physical and chemical properties of

• the resulting Pt-NPs. Platinum loading and degree of oxidation The relative platinum loading and degree of oxidation were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, see Experimental section). In Figure 5, an XPS survey scan (Figure 5a) and Pt4f elemental scans (Figure 5b,c) related to the

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• achieved. In the next step, the magnetite colloid was stabilized with 0.1 M sodium citrate solution under sonication. The formation of maghemite was completed by oxidation of the magnetite colloid with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and a subsequent sonication for 5 min. The final washing of the maghemite

• different media Nanoparticles of γ-Fe2O3 were prepared by the coprecipitation method and oxidation with sodium hypochlorite. According to TEM (dry samples, Figure 1), they have a size Dn = 9.7 nm and a dispersity Ð = 1.21. According to DLS, the hydrodynamic size of newly synthesized nanoparticles was Dh

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• between two neighboring films of ferromagnetic layers grown using cobalt (99.95% purity). Pure silicon (99.999%) was the third target used to create a passivating layer to prevent structure oxidation. The details regarding the deposition technology were previously described [27]. The structure for the

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• square shape (e.g., 3 cm × 3 cm), put into a muffle furnace (KSY-D-16, Longkou Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., China), and submitted to a preoxidation step at 280 °C for 8 h under air at a heating rate of 1 °C·min−1. The high temperature during the oxidation process induced phase separation between PAN

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• the setup). Therefore, it is considered to be unlikely that the observed current is a result of conducting assemblies of π-stacked porphyrins connecting the tip with the HOPG surface. The observed current may also be caused by reduction or oxidation reactions of the solutes at the tip and at the

• molecules of Mn(II)TUP. A blue shift of the Soret band from 478 to 437 nm is indeed in line with a one-electron reduction of the porphyrin Mn(III) center to Mn(II) [22][23]. However, since this species is highly reactive to oxidation by air, other changes in the UV–vis spectrum may additionally be caused by

• the formation of oxidation products of Mn(II)TUP. Because the spectrum is quite broad and no clear other bands can be recognized, it is at this stage difficult to draw conclusions about the identity of these products. The occurrence of the additional currents appeared to depend on the nature and

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• periodic structure [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]10 was deposited starting with the iron layer. The growth rates for both elements in the periodic structure were about 0.1 Å/s. On top, a 3 nm Pt cap layer was grown at about 0.3 Å/s at room temperature to protect the sample against oxidation. Fe was deposited by

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• . It was calibrated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) [40]. The process begins with thermal oxidation of Si at 1000 °C using an oxidation furnace to obtain a thermally grown SiO2 layer followed by masking and etching to get the desired pattern. The polysilicon is deposited in a low-pressure chemical

• vapor deposition (LPCVD) furnace at 630 °C and boron doping (1018 per cm3) is carried out using ion implantation at 35 keV. The upper SiO2 layer is formed by re-oxidizing the polysilicon in an oxidation furnace [40]. The stiffness (k) of the fabricated piezoresistive sensor measured using AFM is 131–146

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• ][30][31][32], solvothermal [33] and hydrothermal [34] reactions, the polyol method [35], dehydration or reduction of precursor rod-like particles [8][11], sonochemical oxidation [36], thermal decomposition [23][26], sol–gel reactions [37], synthesis in worm-like surfactant micellar solutions [38][39

• dissolving 1 M FeCl3 and 0.5 M FeSO4 in 0.1 M HCl under magnetic stirring. In order to prevent the oxidation of Fe2+ ions, the solution was degassed by purging with argon for 5 min. For the synthesis, the reverse co-precipitation method was used in a similar manner as previously described [30]: 2 mL of the

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• chemical reactivity (prone to oxidation) and a strong hybridization with the organic molecules [41]. In contrast to these traditional low work function materials, h-BN on Ni(111) is chemically inert, and we showed that organic molecules like DBP are decoupled from the metal surface which makes this system

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• oxidation. Tungsten oxide nanocrystals also have photothermal properties due to strong absorption in the range of visible and NIR light [101]. Recently, it was demonstrated that WO3−x nanocrystals display an efficient antibacterial activity towards E. coli based on their capability to induce bacterial