Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• . After 15 min, 100 mL of water was used to dilute the reaction. The powder was filtered and washed with distilled water until it had a neutral pH. The GO powder was then dispersed in water and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 min to obtain the suspended solution. The purified GO powder was collected

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• , which affects over 49% of agricultural lands worldwide, thereby negatively affecting crops grown on calcareous and alkaline (pH > 7) soil in dry and semi-arid regions around the world [5][6]. The mean Zn content of soil ranges between 17–125 µg/g of soil while in Zn-deficient soils it is less than 10 µg

• the sample [34]. Phytotoxicity experiments on R. sativus grown in an inert solid medium The high bioavailability of Zn caused by the acidic pH (5.8–6.5) of coir might have caused the death of R. sativus grown with the application of 10,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs. This is confirmed by leaf chlorosis after 18

• ) were separately homogenized using a mortar and pestle with 10 mL of phosphate buffer (50 mM at pH 7.4). The mixture was centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C, the supernatant was collected, and the soluble protein content was determined according to the Bradford’s method [57]. Determination of IAA

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• ethanol (50:50 v/v), pH 5.5. 1 mL of the formulations was used, as allowed by the Franz cell. The acceptor solution was constantly agitated at 300 rpm using mini-magnetic agitators. The temperature was maintained at 37 ± 2 °C by utilizing a circulating heating bath in the jacketed cells. The evaluation of

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• efficiency. In this paper, we want to deepen the study of other key points, such as the reuse and stability of these nanofibres, in order to assess their profitability. On the one hand, the reusability of nanofibres has been studied using different stripping treatments at different pH values on the nylon

• nanofibres with well-oriented antibodies anchored by protein A/G. Our study shows that stripping with glycine buffer pH 2.5 allows the nanofibres to be reused as long as protein A/G has been previously anchored, leaving both nanofibre and protein A/G unchanged. On the other hand, we investigated the

• and Discussion Results of nanofibre reusability study High-salinity antigen/antibody (Ag/Ac) elution buffer pH 6.6 as stripping agent A commercial Ag/Ac elution buffer pH 6.6 with high salinity was able to remove almost all antibody fixed on the nanofibres through protein A/G (88.6%). The retained

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• antileishmanial potential, curc has several drawbacks, such as: (i) low aqueous solubility, (ii) rapid clearance, (iii) low tissue absorption, and (iv) notable chemical degradation (neutral and alkaline pH), which severely reduces its bioavailability and hinder its clinical use [18][53][54]. Given this scenario

• combination therapy. The authors functionalized the surface of PLGA-NPs with Eudragit L30D, a polymer that provides pH-dependent drug release and significantly improved targeted action, thus increasing the efficacy of the drug [45]. Curc-E-PLGA-NPs showed spherical morphology, with a hydrodynamic mean

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• , and because of that, it is resistant to low pH values [23]. So, when nanoparticles with this material are orally administered, they resist against gastric secretions and release the drug in the intestine. This protects many drugs and increases their bioavailability [24]. Inorganic nanoparticles (IN

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• already widely used in biology. Its hydrodynamic radius of about 4 nm at pH 7 makes it possible to envisage NP sizes close to 10 nm [20]. Chassepot and Ball prepared eumelanin-like particles in the presence of albumin, whose sizes decreased with the amount of protein down to 30 nm in diameter [14]. The

• hydrodynamic diameter of 3–4 nm at physiological pH [20]. The resulting number N of nanoparticles per milliliter and self-polymerization reaction yield η obtained with BSA/DA ratios of 3 and 10 were calculated with Equation 1 and Equation 2, respectively: where V is the volume of the NP solution remainder

• concentration might have led to an increase in the Stern layer thickness, resulting in a larger hydrodynamic diameter measured by DLS. The size of BSA/PDA NPs remained stable as a function of pH at acidic pH, but increased moderately under alkaline conditions (Figure 3e). Chen et al. reported that PDA NPs

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• promising biological properties, particularly antioxidant activity. However, its medical applications are limited due to its low water solubility, bioavailability, and pH-instability. CUR-loaded albumin microparticles (CUR-HSA-MPs) of submicron size in the range of 800 to 900 nm and a zeta potential of −15

• mV were prepared. The CUR loading efficiency was up to 65%. A maximum release of 37% of the encapsulated CUR was observed within 6 h when the CUR-HSA-MPs were dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, while in RPMI 1640 medium the release was 7%. This demonstrates a sustainable release. The in vitro

• release of CUR for 6 h. The cumulative release of CUR was 35% when dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, and 7% when dispersed in RPMI 1640 medium. However, the release in PBS (pH 7.4) was less than 1% after 96 h, as shown in Figure 5. Sustained release is a desirable property in the treatment of

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• induce conformational changes, which result in denaturation and loss of activity [43]. Similarly, electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged NPs and antibodies result in weak interactions where the antibodies are easily detached due to small changes in pH or ionic strength [44]. Covalent

• binding Covalent binding of antibodies can be achieved either by adding functional groups on the NP surfaces or by chemical modification of antibodies. Covalent attachment provides high stability, prominent reproducibility, and strong interaction; therefore, changes of pH or ionic strength do not affect

• of antibodies on the NP surfaces, because at physiological pH (pH 7), the most reactive amine groups are situated in the Fab region, which further leads to the loss of biological activity [50][51]. To avoid this, other techniques with oriented immobilization are mostly preferred for conjugation

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• products, as shown in Figure 1. In addition to the properties of the catalyst material, other parameters, such as potential, pH, solvent, and temperature, also determine the formation of desired products. MOFs nanomaterials for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 Ni-based MOFs nanomaterials Two-dimensional

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• promastigotes (control and treated cells) were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2 and adhered for 10 min on glass coverslips previously coated with poly-ʟ-lysine (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). The intracellular amastigotes were obtained after infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages at a ratio of ten

• parasites to one macrophage. After treatment, cells were washed in PBS pH 7.2, fixed, and dehydrated, as described in [9]. Finally, cells were observed using a DM2500 optical microscope (Leica Microsystem, Germany) in bright-field mode. Electron microscopy analysis Control and treated cells were washed in

• PBS pH 7.2, fixed, and post-fixed according to previously published protocols [23]. Then, cells were processed for scanning electron microscopy and chemical element mapping analysis as described in [9]. The micrographs were obtained using a TESCAN VEGA 3 LMU scanning electron microscope operating at

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• . A Platinum EPS C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, GraceTM, Columbia, MD, USA) column was used; the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 0.02% phosphoric acid solution (60:40) for a final pH of 2.5. The system was operated isocratically at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate and the detection was performed

• at 324 nm. The volume of injection was 20 μL. In vitro benznidazole release assay The release of BNZ from the nanoparticles was performed in a rotating paddle apparatus (Vision Classic 6, Hanson Research, Chatsworth, CA, USA) at 75 rpm using 500 mL of KH2PO4 buffer (pH 6.8) as the dissolution medium

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• catalytic performance in degrading the pollutants methyl orange and rhodamine B. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite is pH-dependent, related to the alterations in surface properties of the nanocomposite at different pH values. At pH 6, the nanocomposite demonstrated the highest antibacterial

• properties of AgNPs can be influenced by factors such as size, pH value, and ionic strength of the medium [28][29][30][31]. Extensive research has been dedicated to control the size and shape of AgNPs through the application of various capping agents. In addition to their antimicrobial properties, AgNPs are

• nanocomposites using saccharides, such as alginate, cyclodextrin, and lactose. This method allows for the loading of metallic ions onto the nanocomposite, followed by their reduction to nanoparticles [36][37]. The nanocomposite matrix can release silver in appropriate environments, exhibiting pH-dependent

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• dissolution and stabilization have been previously studied in vitro using acidic aqueous environments. Nanoceria agglomerated in the presence of some carboxylic acids over 30 weeks, and degraded in others, at pH 4.5 (i.e., the pH value in phagolysosomes). Plants release carboxylic acids, and cerium

• within the rhizosphere [12][13]. Colloid stability of nanoceria is affected by temperature, pH, surface structure, surface-adsorbed organic and inorganic ligands, and metal/nonmetal ions and their concentrations in the solution surrounding the particles [14]. Nanoceria interacts with soil and plant roots

• , where it is known to dissolve and transform in the presence of chelating agents at low pH [15]. In cucumber plants, there is clear evidence of ceria uptake and transport throughout the plant. A fraction of the ceria formed cerium carboxyl complexes. No phytotoxicity was reported to the plant itself [16

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• at 180 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solid was collected and rinsed with DI water to neutral pH. The dried solid was denoted as Ge/C-HT180. Solid-state reaction coupling to synthesize Ge/C-SS750 composite Relevant amounts of Ge and BC-800 at a mass ratio of 2:5 were well ground

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• , differential pulse voltammetry experiments were conducted with 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7. Results and Discussion Characterization of graphene quantum dots The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the GQDs in distilled water is depicted in Figure 2a, which shows two prominent absorption peaks around 270

• voltammetry (DPV) analysis was conducted with various concentrations of malathion in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7) at a scan rate of 50 mV·s−1. Different concentrations of malathion were detected. The oxidative desulfurization of malathion into malaoxon (Figure 8) results in a current peak (centered at +1.9 V) at the GQDs

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• procedure, 6.2 g of ammonium heptamolybdate was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Nitric acid was then added to the solution to reduce the pH to 1. After stirring for another 15 min, the solution was transferred into a 200 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• ZnNO3·6H2O (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol), 50 mL H2O, and 8 mL PEG were mixed together. After that, 40 mg SiC@C nanowires was added to the above solution, followed by magnetic stirring for 20 min. At 60 °C, NH3·H2O was added dropwise until pH 9–10. After 2 h of continual stirring, the products were obtained

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• transistors, transparent conductors, gas sensors, supercapacitors, and pH sensors [41][42][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Different approaches to ink printing methods have been explored, such as aerosol jet, inkjet, syringe, roll-to-roll printing, and stamp methods [1][41][50]. In this work, we report a

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• nanoparticles to reach the desired weight percentage (5.0% to 7.0%). Eventually, the concentrated cell biomass (33% to 40% v/v) was then added and the mixture was placed in a 7 cm diameter Petri dish, where it gelled at room temperature after the addition of 0.2 M KOH to achieve pH 7–8. Table 1 gathers the

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• cacodylate buffer (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, England), pH 7.2. The fixed legs were repeatedly rinsed in sodium cacodylate buffer and post-fixed for 1 h at 4 °C in 1% osmium tetroxide in sodium cacodylate buffer (Electron Microscopy Sciences). The samples were then repeatedly washed in the same

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• solution containing the Al3+ ions had an acid pH value of 0.45 [1]. Obtaining boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) The pH value was modified to obtain the boehmite phase by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) until pH 8. After precipitation, the oxide hydroxide was vacuum filtered and oven-dried at 70 °C [1][13]. Boehmite

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• 1 M KOH (Stanlab, pH ≈13.9). Before each electrochemical experiment, the electrode was stabilized during cyclic voltammetry (CV) by sweeping the potential from 1.1 to 1.6 V vs RHE for at least 20 cycles with a scan rate of 100 mV·s−1. Linear scan voltammetry (LSV) was performed from 1.1 to 2 V vs

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33