Fiber optic sensors based on hybrid phenyl-silica xerogel films to detect n-hexane: determination of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption

• Jesús C. Echeverría,
• Ignacio Calleja,
• Paula Moriones and
• Julián J. Garrido

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.51

• , controlled porous texture that includes a specific surface area and average pore size distribution, and tunable surface chemistry. In the case of fiber optic reflectance sensors (FORSs), these sensitive films vary their optical properties upon interaction with the analyte, thereby resulting in a change in

• –Radushkevich method [19]. The volume of the pores was calculated using 0.808 g cm−3 as the liquid density of N2 at 77 K. The pore size distributions were obtained from the N2 adsorption data by applying the BJH method [17]. Experimental The measuring device comprised an optical system, a measuring cell, a

• in the molar percentage of PhTEOS in the mixture of silicon precursors. As the percentage of PhTEOS increased, the position of the capillary condensation step shifted towards higher relative pressure, indicating an increase in pore size. The hysteresis loops did not close at p/pº of 0.42, as is

Innovations from the “ivory tower”: Wilhelm Barthlott and the paradigm shift in surface science

• Christoph Neinhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 394–402, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.41

• induced a different reception. The filter changed The pore size of the filter changed, the border became permeable for a different type and quality of information because it was not “complicated biology” anymore but the property of self-cleaning was now demonstrated with a material that people in the

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• poured into a dialysis bag that was immersed in 200 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C and 100 rpm. Bags with a pore size of 12 Da (Sigma-Aldrich) were used for this study. They were soaked in Milli-Q water for 12 h before use. After dialysis (3 h), a SIP sample (1 mL) of the fluid

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• distance over more than ten consecutive hkl planes, using DigitalMicrograph (Gatan Inc. version 3.01). Specific surface area (BET method [29]) and pore size distribution (BJH method [30]) were measured by nitrogen adsorption on a Micrometrics Tristar 3000. Samples were degassed for 12 h at 180 °C in vacuum

• ). Since particle sizes from SEM and surface area are similar, porosity is associated with inter-particle volume of the agglomerates and can be directly correlated with the particle sizes [34]. Figure 4b displays the pore size distribution from desorption isotherms of TiO2 and in situ surface

• -functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles. The pore size distribution is centered between 4 and 7 nm for TiO2 and Ti-DTES, while for the aminosilane-functionalized samples, the size distribution is broader and shifted towards larger pores and two features are observed. The first feature centered between 4 and 7 nm is

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• ; SERS; nanopores; supported lipid bilayers; thiols; Introduction Anodic porous alumina (APA) is a layered material usually obtained in thick form (≈10 µm thickness scale) from electrochemical anodization in the acidic aqueous electrolyte of aluminum (Al) foils [1]. In APA, the control of pore size

• phosphoric acid electrolyte at a bath temperature of ≈15 °C. Post-fabrication etching in the same electrolyte for 20 min at room temperature (RT) plus 15 min at 35 °C allowed to obtain tAPA with ≈160 nm pore size and ≈80 nm wall thickness. After thoroughly rinsing with de-ionized water, blowing dry with

• is of critical importance in SERS [23]. The SEM images reported in Figure 1 show the good control achieved in both mean pore size and its dispersion and prove the long range uniformity of the surfaces with the Au coating to make it plasmonic-active. tAPA–Au substrates could possibly be used as a

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• or 0.22 µm pore size membrane. Samples (1 mL) were transferred into a disposable polystyrene cuvette for DLS measurements while a folded capillary cell was used for ζ-potential measurements. The concentration of solutions (0.1–1 nM) was adjusted to accommodate scattering properties of samples and

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• stationary phase. Samples were filtered on a 0.45 μm pore size membrane and analyzed at 3 mg mL−1. Separation was carried out on three columns from Malvern Instruments (T6000 M General Mixed Org (300 × 8 mm)). The device (Viscotek TDA305) was equipped with a refractive index (RI) detector (λ = 670 nm). The

Organoclay hybrid materials as precursors of porous ZnO/silica-clay heterostructures for photocatalytic applications

• Marwa Akkari,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Abdessalem Ben Haj Amara and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1971–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.188

• suggest that an appropriate pore volume with an optimized pore size distribution besides a large specific surface area of these materials, can promote a more efficient photocatalytic activity but also a higher adsorption capacity of MB molecules, which also contributes to the removal of these molecules

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• according to Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), and the pore size distribution (from the desorption branch) according to Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH). CO oxidation was performed in a continuous-flow fixed-bed quartz reactor under atmospheric pressure. A sample amount of 20 mg was loaded into the

• Figure 5, left. Only rGO(0.2)–CeO2 is mesoporous, according to the IUPAC classification, while the others contain mainly micropores and a small portion of mesopores. This can also be seen from the pore size distribution (Figure 5, right). rGO(0.2)–CeO2 has an average pore size of 4.8 nm, while the other

• samples have smaller pore size in the range of 3.3–3.8 nm. The surface area increased with decreasing rGO proportion, from 147 m2/g with 0.2 g rGO to 275 m2/g with 0.02 g rGO. rGO(0)–CeO2 and rGO(0.02)–CeO2 processed almost the same surface area. The influence of the rGO proportion on the catalytic

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• produce and their stiffness can be tuned over a wide range (from few tens of pascals to mega- or gigapascals). PEG-DA hydrogels consists of a polymer of ethylene glycol diacrylate monomers [48][161]. By varying the length of the polymer and its ratio with a crosslinker molecule the pore size of the

• , crosslinker and photoinitiator, as well as the intensity of UV light and the exposure time, the pore size of the hydrogel and consequently the elasticity can be tuned. Stiffness from PAA hydrogels can be tuned from ca. 50 Pa to more than 700 kPa [50][114][115][116]. Due to their easy availability and handling

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• pores in two size ranges of 1.5–10 nm and 38–46 nm and the most probable pore size was 2 nm. Also, NFM-1.5% had pores in two size ranges of 2.5–10 nm and 20–50 nm and the most probable pore size was 3.2 nm. The occurrence of pore diameters in the range of 1–10 nm suggested that both samples had pores

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• narrow pore size distribution and high porosity have been obtained by a sol–gel reaction of a silicon oxide precursor (TEOS) and using polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) copolymers as templates in an acidic environment. PS-b-PEO copolymers with different molecular weight and composition

• have been studied in order to assess the effects of the block length on the pore size of the templated silica films. The changes in the morphology of the porous systems have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a systematic analysis has been carried out, evidencing the dependence

• between the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio of the two polymer blocks and the size of the final silica pores. The obtained results prove that by tuning the PS/PEO ratio, the pore size of the templated silica films can be easily and finely predicted. Keywords: block copolymers; controlled porosity

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• the hillocks formed over the surface of the nanowires: Increasing the deposition time results in a linear increase in hillock diameter. Furthermore, by applying a dealloying process to such Au–Cu alloy nanowires we have shown that nanowires with ring-shaped pores can be created. The diversity of pore

• size and shape coupled to the alignment and periodic organization of the nanowires is expected to promote the SERS effect originating from such gold nanostructures. Experimental Nanopatterned substrates The nanopatterned silicon substrates used as a template to grow the nanowires were prepared using a

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• carbon structure [38]. From the nitrogen physisorption isotherm (Figure 4a) of the HCS a Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface of 1123 m2·g−1 can be determined. The pore size distribution (Figure 4b) was calculated by a quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) model from the adsorption branch and

• the isotherm, pore size distribution and cumulative pore volume) it can be concluded that the HCS contain a considerable amount of pores smaller than 1.5 nm. The cumulative pore volume of these small pores is as high as 0.26 cm3·g−1, which is significantly higher than the 0.13 cm3·g−1 determined by

• /min in air. Nitrogen physisorption measurements were performed on a Quantachrome Quadrasorb-SI-MP instrument at 77.4 K. Pore size distributions were calculated from the adsorption branch by a non-local density functional theory (NLDFT) model assuming cylindrical pores for silica samples and by a

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• pore-size filter to eliminate clumps. The filtrates were aliquoted, stored at 280 K, and used within 30 days. Radiometric susceptibility test For the radiometric susceptibility test, 1/10 mL of BACTEC 12B-passaged inoculum was introduced into 4 mL of test medium without being diluted. Two-fold drug

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• , Germany) at 40 °C. Sample signals were detected with Agilent RI and UV-DAD detectors. THF was used as solvent with a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1. Two SDV colums with 1000 Å pore size were used. Calibration of the system was done with poly(styrene) standards (ReadyCal, PSS GmbH, Mainz, Germany). Samples were

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• equal parts with methanol and filtered through a 220 nm pore size Teflon membrane filter in order to remove precipitated nanocrystal aggregates. A micropipette was used to apply the dispersion to the surface of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide at pH 11, contained in a Teflon beaker (h = 24 mm

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• . During the preparation of LUVs the following procedure was followed [1]: The LMV suspension was extruded ten times (Extruder, Lipex biomembranes) through two stacked polycarbonate filters of pore size 200 nm under nitrogen pressure up to 3.4 atm. In order to obtain the decorated vesicles (AuNPs–SH–DOPC

Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

• Christian Ganser,
• Gerhard Fritz-Popovski,
• Roland Morak,
• Parvin Sharifi,
• Benedetta Marmiroli,
• Barbara Sartori,
• Heinz Amenitsch,
• Thomas Griesser,
• Christian Teichert and
• Oskar Paris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 637–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.56

• reflected beam. The grazing angle was 0.384°. (b) Unit cell of the 2D pore lattice reconstructed from the positions of the GISAXS reflections with lattice parameter A = 15.08 nm and B = 14.01 nm, and pore size parameters estimated from the intensities of the reflections assuming an elliptical cross-section

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• homogenous, low defect and parallel-oriented crystal planes were produced by electrodeposition as previously described [1]. This process employed polycarbonate (PC), track-etched filter membranes with a pore density of 1 × 106 pores/cm2 and a pore size of 100 nm (Figure 1a, 1–4). Aluminium (Al) contacts were

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Single-molecule mechanics of protein-labelled DNA handles

• Vivek S. Jadhav,
• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Florian Wruck and
• Martin Hegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 138–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.16

• from Sigma-Aldrich (Dublin, Ireland). All aqueous solutions were prepared using nanopure water from a Millipore Milli-Q system, additionally filtered with 0.22 µm pore size filters. We used TICO buffer (20 mM HEPES-KOH, pH 7.5, 6 mM magnesium acetate, 30 mM ammonium acetate, 4 mM 2-mercaptoethanol) to

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• native base, and led to a proposed sequencing strategy (Figure 1). Preliminary experiments to assess pore size suitability using solid-state silicon nitride nanopores [50] showed that 1.6 nm wide pores permit translocation of 80-mer long osmylated oligos, and exhibit dramatic translocation slowdown with

Calculations of helium separation via uniform pores of stanene-based membranes

• Guoping Gao,
• Yan Jiao,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Liangzhi Kou and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2470–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.256

• membrane to separate helium is therefore highly desired. In recent years, various two-dimensional materials have been developed [5][6] and are widely used as membranes for gas separation [7][8][9][10]. The pore size is the main determinant of a membrane with high permeability and selectivity for helium

• -dimension materials with an ideal pore size is desired for helium separation. As a new member of the family of layered materials following graphene, silicene and germanene, 2D stanene has been recently successfully fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy [14]. 2D stanene possesses a graphene-like honeycomb

• , Ne and Ar passing through the 2D Sn are 0.75, 1.39 and 3.09 eV, respectively. Clearly, the selectivity is high, but the penetration barrier for He through pristine 2D Sn is quite high, indicating a low permeability at room temperature. Since the pore size is critical for gas penetration, a small

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• surface of bentonite [6][20][30][31][32][33]. The surface area measurements were performed on Cu NPs/bentonite. Figure 7 shows the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm and BJH pore size distribution plot of Cu NPs/bentonite. The results indicate that the surface area, total pore volume and average pore

• natural bentonite, whereas its pore size increased. Activity of Cu NPs/bentonite for the synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles For the further understanding of the role of Cu NPs/bentonite, a comprehensive study of the synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles was carried out (Scheme 2

• images of Cu NPs/bentonite (a,b), the histogram of the particle size distribution of Cu nanoparticles on the bentonite surface (c) and corresponding SAED pattern (d). The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (a) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution plot of Cu NPs/bentonite (b). Conversion