Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• quantification, we assumed isotropic emission of the cloud electrons and surface-normal emission of the test electrons, i.e., for the majority of the photoemission signal. The angular distribution is assumed to be equally simple [26]. The rest of the parasite effects are expected to be rather low for the probed

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• STRATAGem thin film analysis. This allowed for the quantification of the atomic composition inside the deposit excluding the signal contribution from the substrate. Since carbon deposition due to residual background gases always occurs during EDX signal acquisition, this carbon content was determined using

• precursor flux is slightly lower. The square deposits show the earlier observed surface roughness for both of the precursors. The corresponding EDX quantification points to an even higher silver content in case of the AgO2F5Prop precursor, while the small amount of oxygen is comparable. The determined

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• generated in this order by the stepwise oxidation of H2O. On the other hand, the stepwise reduction of O2 generates •O2−, H2O2 and •OH. The detection or quantification of these ROSs in the presence of a reactant pollutant is crucial for practical applications and such quantification can be correlated to the

• the present review concern ROSs in aqueous suspensions of photocatalyst powders. However, in some cases, reactions under gaseous conditions, whose behaviour might be different from those in aqueous suspensions, were involved. Quantification methods for H2O2 Although the generated ROSs subsequently

• decay, H2O2 is the most stable of the molecules and can be detected separately. As of now, various methods have been employed for its quantification in photocatalysis reactions and could be classified as (1) direct optical absorption in UV and IR regions, (2) coloration and (3) fluorescence probe

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• analysed using Nis-Elements C 4.13 software (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Quantification of the QD fluorescence signal was performed using Nis-Elements C 4.13 software. Cell viability in 3D culture Cell viability in the 3D culture was analysed by propidium iodide (PI, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). MSCs

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• photoelectrons were applied for quantification. EALs were calculated using the standard TPP-2M formalism [55]. All spectra were referenced to the C1s peak of hydrocarbons at 285.0 eV binding energy controlled by means of the well-known photoelectron peaks of metallic Cu, Ag, and Au. Sputter depth profiles were

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• (Figure 5B). After confirming the bright feature behavior, Sb was further used to evaluate its bioimaging properties and bacteria viability range. First of all, a cytotoxicity quantification related to the applicable C-dot concentration range was assessed. Xag viability was evaluated following incubation

• viability. Quantification is reported as relative values to the negative control, where the negative control (untreated) is set to 100% viability. TEM and HRTEM (inset) images of (A) Sa, (B) Sb, (C) Se samples, and corresponding size (diameter) distribution ranges for (D) Sa, (E) Sb, and (F) Se. (A–C) UV

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• layer underneath the deposits was correctly taken into account, ensuring an exact determination of the composition of the thin film FEBID materials within the errors of standardless quantification. The variations of the elemental compositions differ between the three different FEB deposits investigated

The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ali Marashdeh,
• Thiadrik Tiesma,
• Niels J. C. van Velzen,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Remco W. A. Havenith,
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
• Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

• aurophilicity very much, as the sequence of ClAuPMe3, IAuPMe3 and CNAuPMe3 shows. Quantification of aurophilicity is difficult. One should not simply correlate it to the Au–Au distances, but also consider the dimension of the network and the number of Au–Au interactions. A short single Au–Au interaction is not

• and composition can be observed directly under the relevant conditions, i.e., in high vacuum. While it means that extra care has to be taken (and margins on the quantification have to be added) when interpreting the EDS results, the results do reveal the stability of the complexes. The results are

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• [65]. More accurate compositional quantification could probably be achieved by performing atom probe tomography or thickness-corrected STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Planar Au nanostructures The main goal here was to elucidate the effects of each experimental parameter on the

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• the characteristics Ni 2p3/2 and Ni 2p1/2 signals of Ni(II), while the peak at around 861.1 eV is the shake-up peak at the high-energy side of the Ni 2p3/2 edge [31]. Additionally, direct quantification of surface concentration ratio of M has been estimated by the integrated intensities of the M 2p

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while quantification of gold and iron oxide was performed by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The endocytotic route was determined by the use of specific inhibitors. Results Particle characterisation in cell culture

• vicinity of the cell membrane events of colocalizing AuNPs and FeOxNPs were also found (Figure 4). Quantification of particle uptake The quantification of the intracellular fraction of elemental Au or Fe (Figure 5, top) by ICP-OES revealed a continuous uptake of both particle types in all exposure modes

• , higher magnifications and insets have a scale bar of 2.5µm, 500 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Quantification of uptake by ICP-OES and LSM combined with digital analysis. ICP-OES measurements reveal an increasing trend of NP uptake, independent of NP type and exposure mode. The LSM data supports the ICP-OES

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• for 10 s at ambient temperature. The data presented in Figure 2 are mean values of four different chemical analyses. For quantification of wax molecules, n-tetracosane (10 µg, 99.5%, Fluka Chemika GmbH, Germany) was directly added to each of the samples as an internal standard. The chloroform volume

• flame ionization detector. 1 µL of each sample were injected into the column (30 m DB-1 i.d. 0.32 mm, film 0.2 µm; J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA, USA), and H2 served as the carrier gas. For quantification of single components, peak areas were estimated using the software Enhanced ChemStation (G 1701DA

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• (Figure 4b). Only well-separated single DNA molecules are chosen for the purpose of easy quantification. The DNA strands are prelabeled with YOYO-1 at a dye–DNA base pair ratio of 1:10. The average dye concentration in each DNA is calculated to be ≈300 dye molecules/μm for a given length of a DNA molecule

Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips

• Soraya Sangiao,
• César Magén,
• Darius Mofakhami,
• Grégoire de Loubens and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2106–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.210

• cobalt particle is: where k is the cantilever spring constant, Bz the vertical component of the magnetic field from the cylinder, and z0 is the equilibrium position of the particle in the field gradient. STEM-EELS chemical mapping and quantification was carried out at an acceleration voltage of 300 kV in

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

• Patrícia M. Amorim,
• Ana M. Ferraria,
• Rogério Colaço,
• Luís C. Branco and
• Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

• prior to XPS analysis. Spectra were acquired at TOA = 0° (relative to normal) with the Mg Kα X-ray source of a KRATOS XSAM800. Data treatment details were given in a previous work [41]. The sensitivity factors used for quantification analysis were: 0.318 for C 1s, 0.391 for S 2s, 0.736 for O 1s, 0.505

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• fitting procedure using Lorentzian functions to fit the peaks; a representative curve fitting result is reported in Figure S3 in Supporting Information File 1. According to the previous works [36][37], the defect quantification can be evaluated through the intensity ratios between the D and G bands, and

Development of an advanced diagnostic concept for intestinal inflammation: molecular visualisation of nitric oxide in macrophages by functional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

• Kathleen Lange,
• Christian Lautenschläger,
• Maria Wallert,
• Stefan Lorkowski,
• Andreas Stallmach and
• Alexander Schiller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1637–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.163

• synthesised and released on demand, it is not stored and is highly diffusible. In vivo detection of NO in real time is difficult, because NO rapidly diffuses and reacts with cellular components. NO quantification with chemiluminescence or amperometry is often complicated by low spatio-temporal resolution and

• . Quantification of NO release with NO550-loaded microspheres in inflamed cells. LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages led to significantly higher fluorescence intensity (FI) signals using NO550-loaded microspheres than in unstimulated cells (p = 0.02). The signal coincide with nitrite concentrations

High-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging of polymers: an adaptive multiloop-mode approach

• Juan Ren and
• Qingze Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1563–1570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.158

• sample topography quantification, AMLM imaging takes both the AFM z-piezo displacement and the TM-deflection into account [1] in quantification of hk(j). In particular, the sample surface height at any given point can be quantified with respect to a fixed reference point with h0 = 0 and the corresponding

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• (hdF) after treatment with the NPs stabilized with Melpers®2450 for 24 h was evaluated. Therefore, the CellTiter-Glo assay was used [44], a method that is based on the quantification of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP), which signals the presence of metabolically active cells. Adding the CellTiter-Glo

• cell toxicity of the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs was investigated in 96-well plates on a subconfluent monolayer culture of hdF. With the CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay (Promega), based on the quantification of the ATP concentration, the cell viability was examined. The cell line was seeded

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

• Liga Saulite,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Simona Steponkiene,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

• proliferation of MSCs. The differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes was not affected by the presence of QDs (Figure 5). Quantification assays for Alcian Blue staining and Alizarin Red S staining confirmed that QDs did not influence chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of skin MSCs (Figure

• % PFA for 30 min at room temperature. After fixation, cells were washed with PBS and stained with a 1% Alcian Blue staining solution in 0.1 M HCl overnight at room temperature. Stained cells were washed three times with 0.1 M HCl and imaged in water. Quantification of the Alcian Blue stain was achieved

• Phalloidin Alexa Fluor488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) as previously described and analysed using confocal microscopy. Quantification of the QD fluorescent signal was achieved using Nis-Elements C 4.13 software. Single cell borders were defined according to the Phalloidin Alexa488 staining. The mean

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• TEM at 150 kV. EDX spectroscopy was performed in a Zeiss Supra 55VP SEM at 20 kV using an Oxford Instruments X-max detector and the INCA software for elemental composition quantification. Electrical measurements To investigate the conductivity of the MoS2 films two types of field effect transistor

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• was added and the mixture was incubated for 50 min at room temperature in the dark. The photoluminescence spectra were recorded in order to estimate the formation of 2-OH-DST (λex = 300 nm). The quantification of •OH production was conducted according to the method we recently described [42

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• analyte adsorption rather than the kinetics of the surface reactions. From this analysis a predisposition of transfer-free CVD graphene towards NO2 detection has clearly emerged. The remarkable control on the sensing film geometry, which is specific to the presented technique, enables a quantification of

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• – Review of Health and Environmental Safety: Human health and Ecological Risk Assessment (ENRHES RA) [46], Risk Quantification based on Probabilistic Mass Flow Modeling Analysis (PMFA Risk Assessment) [47], Forecasting of the Impacts of Nanomaterials in the Environment (FINE) based on Bayesian Networks (BN

• of Health and Environmental Safety: Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment (ENRHES RA), (g) Risk Quantification based on Probabilistic Mass Flow Analysis (PMFA risk quantification), (h) Forecasting of the Impacts of Nanomaterials in the Environment (FINE) based on Bayesian Networks (BN), and (i