(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• be formed from porphyrin molecules with different numbers of bromine substitutions. The properties of the substrate surface have a strong influence in this kind of on-surface polymerization reaction. A high reactivity and also high energy barriers for diffusion can result in immediate C,C coupling

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• DWCNTs with different fluorination patterns, which should in turn be distinct in electronic properties and reactivity. Similar results are expected for other closed-shell carbon structures such as single- and multi-walled CNTs, nanohorns and onion-like carbon. Experimental Materials DWCNTs were produced

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• high and the species may recombine. Under such conditions, radical species responsible for VGN growth may recombine and/or lose reactivity. Therefore, in low-density plasmas the carbon species can deposit into the spaces between the vertical graphene sheets. However, at shorter distances the density of

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• , or to be more precise, SCRPs, allow for magnetic-field-dependent chemistry. The radical pair mechanism (RPM) is seen as the key mechanism for magnetic field effects on chemical reactivity. One should note that RPM is not the only mechanism, since, for example, the d-type triplet mechanism and triplet

• a different pathway. Because of this, the radical pair reactivity strongly depends on the rate of singlet–triplet interconversion. The strongest effects of such interconversion on the recombination yield are expected in the situation where the radical pair is born in a nonreactive state. Thus

• by the following quantity: or, when the reactivity is position-dependent, by the integral over spatial coordinates: To calculate the steady-state reaction yield, one should perform integration over time from 0 to ∞. The reaction yield, Y, is obtained by integration of R(t) from zero to infinity

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• ) and 8 (J = +20.8 cm−1; H = −2JS1S2). The reactivity of complexes 6–8 is reminiscent of that of pure thiolato ligands, which readily chemisorb on Au surfaces as verified by contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements. The large [Ni2L] tail groups, however

• ). The crystal structure, reactivity features, and magnetic properties of compounds 6–8 are presented along with the results stemming from characterization of the surface assemblies by contact angle measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry, AFM and transport measurements. To our knowledge, polynuclear

• the [Ni2L]2+ fragments. The reactivity of complexes 6–8 is reminiscent of that of pure thiolato ligands. All are readily chemisorbed on Au surfaces as ascertained by contact angle measurements, AFM, spectroscopic ellipsometry and preliminary transport measurements (for 2). The results may suggest that

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• flat substrates or 3D complex substrates. Next, the creation of multiple or gradient structures/patterns on the polymers provides an interfacial template with multifunctional reactivity and gradient information for multifunctional or directional activities. Then, the emerging discovery of the selective

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• . In all the samples, three main transition regions were observed, which are the result of the heterogeneous composition of the polymer formed in the batch polymerization of monomers with different reactivity ratios (rMMA = 2.02 ± 0.36, rBA = 0.26 ± 0.14) [42] that yield a MMA-rich polymer (Tg = 90 ºC

• between the OH groups of the copolymer and the PVP-stabilized MWCNTs and as well to the possible grafting of polymer chains onto MWCNTs. Because monomers with different reactivity ratios were polymerized in batch, a heterogeneous copolymer showing different Tg values was obtained. The in situ composites

Nanotopographical control of surfaces using chemical vapor deposition processes

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1250–1256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.126

• of polymer growth was found on transition metals. For this reason, attractive interactions between the metal and the heteroatoms were suggested. The patterned deposition of a reactive PPX derivative could be realized for PPX–vinyl on titanium, and its reactivity in cross-metathesis reactions was

• reactivity program and from the Army Research Office (ARO) under Grant W911NF-11-1-0251.

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• reactivity with the environment [1]. For most applications, wall permeability is desirable in order to facilitate material interchange with the surroundings and/or increase the active surface of these nano-objects. Thus, permeable-wall nanocontainers can be used for a variety of appealing applications, such

• reactivity). However, these wet-chemistry based techniques have several drawbacks, for example, restrictions in the employed precursors due to compatibility issues and significant limitations for implementing configurations of nanostructures on flat supports according to a particular pattern or layout, which

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• energy of 0.014 eV. Keywords: functionalized graphene; graphene oxide; one-pot synthesis; phosphonic derivatives; reduced graphene oxide; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) with its multifunctionality attracts interest in different fields of science. The chemical nature and reactivity of GO have been

Stable Au–C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures

• Taras Chutora,
• Jesús Redondo,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Martin Švec,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1073–1079, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.109

• assembled into one-dimensional islands or short chains along the steps. This can be attributed to the increased local reactivity of the step edges [29][30][31]. STM images taken after Ar+ bombardment (120 eV, 5 min) [32][33][34] of the system (Figure 1b) show single bright dots on the surface, which

• Figure 2d we observe the adsorption pattern of isolated molecules that were disjoined from the islands after sputtering. Importantly, these molecules bind to the elbow sites of the herringbone reconstruction of the substrate. This can be explained by the increased reactivity of the elbow sites, so-called

• features to be dimers of molecules damaged during the sputtering. The number of observed dimers was very limited. We turn to the features on the herringbone corners. Given the higher reactivity of these elbow sites, we consider the possibility of the bright spots being normal C60 molecules and for the

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• -metal work function (WF) and increasing metal reactivity. A clear trend can be observed correlating the high measured Rc values with the most reactive metals (Ni, Ti). Reprinted with permission from [52], copyright 2015 AIP Publishing. Schematic of the edge-contact fabrication process. Reprinted with

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• developers [31]. The potential effect (W) is a score assigned on the basis of the ENMs’ reactivity (e.g., redox activity, catalytic activity, oxygen radical formation potential or induction potential for inflammation reactions) and stability (e.g., half-life of the nanomaterial in the human body, or under

• ENM properties such as agglomeration, reactivity/charge, critical functional groups, contaminant dissociation and size; evidence of toxicity; and other factors related to toxicity such as bioavailability and bioaccumulation). This outranking method has the advantage, when criteria metrics are not

• scale 1–100 based on literature review for the studied ENMs); agglomeration, reactivity/charge, critical functional groups and contaminant dissociation (qualitative scale of 1–5, where scores are assigned based on expert judgement with 1 representing the most favorable score as judged based on the

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• and height much smaller than the wavelength of typical plasmon resonances. Different top-down or bottom-up fabrication techniques have been introduced to produce metal nanostructures with active plasmonic reactivity [14]. For example, ion beam sputtering (IBS) is a widely employed bottom-up technique

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• floating-catalyst CVD process with a use of ferrocene as catalyst precursor and a small amount of ammonia. Over 90% of SWCNTs had near-armchair structure. It was suggested that NH3, which is a strong etchant, selectively etched off SWCNTs with small chiral angles due to their higher reactivity and lower

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• reactivity but is less toxic. Moreover, the current IL, [BmimSO3H][PTS], has a significant advantage in terms of its thermal behavior because it does not crystallize. In contrast to the propane sultone analogue, which slowly crystallizes after 12 months [25], the longer alkyl chain of [BmimSO3H][PTS

Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta₂O₅ nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal

• Subia Ambreen,
• Mohammad Danish,
• Narendra D. Pandey and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 604–613, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.65

• or by –OR groups. Among others, carboxylates are diketonates are employed to control the reactivity and stability towards hydrolysis of tantalum alkoxides [12][13][14]. Usually, the rate of hydrolysis of metal alkoxides is controlled by increasing the steric hindrance of alkoxy groups, which slows

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• studying the structure and surface morphology evolution of the GNS sample in the H2O2 solution, Wen et al. [95] revealed that the accelerated formation of nanoporous structure was mostly due to the higher chemical reactivity of the GNS Ti, which promoted the decomposition of H2O2 and the formation of

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• solution at high temperature in microwave. The data obtained are reported in Table 1. From the data reported in Table 1 it is evident the higher reactivity of ox-MWCNTs 4 (entries 3, 5 and 7) respect to GPs 5 (entries 4, 6 and 8) as it was expected considering the different nature of the two substrates [34

• due to a poor content in the azido component (see data for compounds 11 and 12) but to the low reactivity found in the CuAAC step. To be noted is the good agreement for the loading values obtained with the elemental analysis (see earlier) and with the ICP AES analysis for compound 8 and 9 (Table 1

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• impact and friction was reduced by two times, therefore questioning the reactivity. Nevertheless, further efforts were made to replace the bacterial cellulose with an energetic matrix. Crystallization in solution allows the formation of large crystals by growth, thus allowing more parametric studies

• preexpansion pressure needed to guarantee a fine spraying. Besides the innovative applications of energetic nanomaterials, such as the synthesis of ultrafine nanodiamonds [116][117] and reactivity enhancement [10], the versatility of SFE allows the crystallization at a sub-micrometer or nanometer scales of a

• previously saw for milling. Yet this delicate step is required since the reactivity of high energetic materials is fully exploited in the dried state. Freeze drying and supercritical drying seem to kinetically and partially prevent crystal growth from occurring. Only a complete growth inhibition will lead to

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• : PMMA and PS, which have very similar properties (e.g., specific temperatures, mechanical properties, density) but rather different side chains; PMMA has an aliphatic ester group while PS has a more rigid aromatic ring. However, despite their structural and reactivity differences, we followed the same

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• its availability and chemical reactivity. In monofunctional layers it is often involved in direct hydrogen bonding to the Si–OH groups on the surface, which decreases its chemical availability and can cause hydrolytic elimination of the siloxane fragment bearing this group [33][34][35]. The mechanisms

• potentially strong van der Waals bonding such as fluorinated groups. We also aimed to test the availability and reactivity of the amino function via Cu2+-cation adsorption as a probe, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance (ESDR) spectroscopy. This

• are available for H+ sorption. The intrinsic structure and reactivity of the aminopropyl groups were investigated using Cu2+ adsorption. In the view that EPR spectra of the copper(II) complexes provide direct insight into the coordination of these cations, they were thus revealing the spatial

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• CO oxidation by different researchers [13][14][15][16]. The addition of precious metals such as Pd, Pt and Rh increased the reactivity of the support by increasing its oxygen mobility and number of oxygen vacancies (the source of oxygen in CO oxidation) [10][11][12]. In recent years, ZrO2 has been

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• . The presence of Pd NPs on ZnO NRs strongly affects gas adsorption and reactivity and, hence, the gas sensing as discussed in the following section. Gas-sensing performance Figure 4A shows the time responses of the electrical resistance of chemiresistors based on pristine and Pd-modified ZnO NRs to

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• micropearls may lead to high surface reactivity and consequently to the aggregation of the spheres. In fact, such effects have been observed in the growth of carbon structures when the residence time in the autoclave was extended [65]. The advanced growth of the micropearls seems to be accompanied with a