Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• harmful ultraviolet radiation has been previously reported as one of the principal functions of plant surfaces bearing microstructured epicuticular waxes. It is achieved through the increased reflection and scattering of the incoming radiation by minute wax projections [38][39]. Being covered by the

• equipped for the successful scattering of strong radiation. Experimental studies with altered levels of UV-B radiation and D. antarctica showed no significant effect of enhanced or reduced radiation on the relative growth rate and leaf photosynthesis of the plants [40]. Moisture, being one of the most

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• 1170 Ω. The much lower channel resistance for the B2 mixture gives further evidence of a more robust, cleaner, and more effective transfer process. The B2 transfer appears to minimize the PMMA residues, known to act as centers of carrier scattering in graphene and to increase its resistance [19][20

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• . Measurement of size and zeta-potential Particle size and size distribution were measured based on dynamic light scattering using a ZetaSizer® Ultra (Malvern Panalytics, Malvern, United Kingdom). 50 µL of GNP dispersion was diluted 20-fold, the pH was adjusted to 7.5, and the samples were measured in the

• backscatter mode. The size was evaluated as z-average, and the size distribution is displayed as polydispersity index (PdI). The zeta potential was measured by mixed measurement mode phase analysis light scattering (M3-PALS). All measurements were performed in capillary cells with a technical and an

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• composites. Figure 2b compares Raman spectra of ZnxCoy–C/CNT composites, showing typical Raman bands at ≈1346 cm−1 (D band), ≈1576 cm−1 (G band), and ≈2680 cm−1 (2D band). All the composites show similar Raman scattering without a noticeable difference in full width at half maximum (FWHM) values. Assuming

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• gap edge. Such shifts and following possibility to create of Shiba bands [33][34] have been investigated theoretically also recently in related systems [35][36]. Spin-active scattering in FI–S bilayers has been discussed, for example , in [29] in the clean and in [37] in the dirty limit. Here, we

• -dependent scattering. In contrast, we treat spin mixing of arbitrary strength exactly. The distribution of spin mixing angles (δφn, n is the channel index) along the transport channels is the only unknown in the theory. This distribution can be probed directly in a fully electronic experiment, measuring the

• the results. However, the theory is not restricted to this case. Thus, we replace the sum over the channel index n in the matrix current conservation with the number of channels, that is, However, in a phenomenological way we assume that, effectively, only a certain fraction r ∈ [0,1] of scattering

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• solution (Figure 3a) show regions with a high density of scattering centers (green and white points) intermixed with regions with a lower density of scattering centers (darker regions with few bright points). Size-selected solutions yield films that are more uniform, with dark-field microscopy revealing

• homogeneous distributions of scattering centers. Hence, we find that films from polydisperse films are not as homogeneous as films made from solutions that have been processed by centrifugation for size selection. There is an evident decrease in the density and intensity of scattering centers with increasing

• centrifugation rate, which indicates films with a decreased density of large particles. We quantify the number of scattering centers by analyzing the dark-field images using the software imageJ. First, we set the brightness threshold for what counts as a scattering particle. As these are dark-field images

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• 156 nm at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, measured by dynamic light scattering. After nanoformulation, the concentration of BBR NPs could reach up to 5.0 mg/mL, which is much higher than the saturation concentration without treatment. Results show a strongly enhanced antibacterial activity of BBR NPs

• BBR NPs was significantly enhanced. Thus, the concentration of BBR NPs could reach up to 5.0 mg/mL, which was much higher than the saturation concentration of pure BBR. The diameter of the BBR NPs measured with dynamic light scattering was 156 nm at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. BBR NPs at a

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM1010, JEOL). The dynamic average size distribution and the stability of the prepared BBR NPs in aqueous solution were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments. Antibacterial activity of BBR NPs The antibacterial

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• , X-ray diffraction, magnetometry [4], transmission/scanning electron imaging [5][6], small-angle scattering techniques [7], dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction [8][9], resonant mass measurement, and spatial filter velocimetry. Each of these has certain features (i.e., ease of access, ease of

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• -of-plane electric field component dominates. This phenomenon indicates that the face-on oriented CuPc molecules strongly interact with the MoSe2 flake via charge transfer and dipole–dipole interaction. Furthermore, the Raman scattering maps on the irregular MoSe2 surface show a distinct correlation

• CuPc as a Raman probe, because CuPc exhibits a large Raman scattering cross section and an extremely weak photoluminescence signal. A thin film of 5 nm of CuPc was deposited on the triangular MoSe2 flakes through thermal vapor deposition. Figure 1a shows a bright-field optical image of CuPc/MoSe2. From

• 8 × 8 μm of CuPc/MoSe2 are shown in Figure 2a and Figure 2b, respectively. The optical intensities in Figure 2a are coming from the sum of CuPc Raman scattering and the MoSe2 flake photoluminescence. We find that the optical intensities in Figure 2a and the SHG intensity in Figure 2b show a

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• confirmed by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. The loading capacity of PHEG-Tyr and Nα-Lys-NG nanogels and their release profiles were first optimized with bovine serum albumin. The nanogels were then used for loading and release of AAT. PHEG-Tyr and Nα-Lys-NG nanogels showed

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• , Romania RDI Laboratory of Applied Raman Spectroscopy, RDI Institute of Applied Natural Sciences (IRDI-ANS), Babeş-Bolyai University, Fântânele 42, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.13.40 Abstract Since the initial discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced

• , enhanced Raman scattering for periodic ZnO-elevated Au dimer nanostructures [12] and enhanced fluorescence emission signals from Al-doped ZnO films [13] were obtained. The development of hybrid nanocomposites based on ZnO and noble metals for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement has recently attracted

• great interest and will be the focus of this review. The electromagnetic (EM) enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) appears due to the enhanced local electric field that is generated when localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are excited by light incident on noble metal

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• components of the input vector x are fed. Every neuron of the hidden layer calculates the values of the 1D function hk(x). where xk is the k-th reference point and σk is the scattering parameter for the one-dimensional function . In this paper, we propose a modified tunable neuron circuit [44] for RBFNs (see

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• TMV A-protein to larger species, likely bilayer disks, as determined by analytical centrifugation and light scattering [32]. They attributed this behaviour to the salting-out effect of glycine and its derivatives. Only the transition from A-protein to disk was investigated, so it is unclear what

• TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The TMV-cp samples in this work are polydisperse and non-spherical, which complicates the interpretation of DLS data. Because DLS is a light scattering technique, the signal intensity is proportional to the sixth power of the radius [39]. This means that the

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• associated with the mutual orientations of the magnetic moment and the direction of the current, there is a resistance drop with an increase of the magnetic field strength, that is, the negative magnetoresistance. The latter effect is related to a decrease in electron-magnon scattering due to the suppression

• are the resistivities for the cases of the magnetic moment oriented along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively. The contribution from the electron–magnon scattering is subtracted for each of ρx, ρy, and ρz. Angles θM and φM are referenced relative to the [001] and [100] axes, respectively. For a

• slope with temperature. Lines are drawn using the model of Equation 1. (b) Dependence of the resistance on the orientation of the magnetic field at T = 5 K. The contribution from the electron–magnon scattering is subtracted. Lines are drawn using the model of Equation 2. Dependences of the resistivity

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• dynamic light scattering were used to record absorption spectra and size change. Cytotoxicity experiment in vitro The cytotoxicity of the as-prepared MZG nanoparticles was assessed against 3T3 cells. 3T3 cells were cultivated with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine

• shows spherical MZG nanoparticles. Size and zeta potential value of the MZG nanoparticles were 44.6 ± 26.5 nm and −23.1 ± 3.4 mV, respectively, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) (Figure 2b) and consistent with the TEM results. Importantly, the co-assembly mechanism was further revealed through

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• thorough shape analysis into the assessment of emerging platforms from the very onset of their expansion into the general nano-bio research. The solution-based corollary to dry-state imaging that can provide the above parameters is dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS uses the deconvolution of a correlation

• function for the scattering intensity to deduce a size distribution spectrum based on signal intensity (or a calculated size distribution based on volume or number of particles). While SEM analysis can provide key insights into the “as manufactured” state, DLS provides insights into the in situ state of

• process. Dynamic light scattering DLS measurements were performed on particles in their hydrated state using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical). The solution in which the particles were suspended was DPBS. DLS was employed to measure the particle size distribution after particle collection and

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• 59.4 emu/g (Figure 1c) and stronger absorption intensities at the NIR wavelength of 808 nm than individual nanoparticles [17]. In addition, the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of NPCs suspended in aqueous culture medium reflected good dispersion (Figure 1d). The colloidal stability of our

• morphology of the as-synthesized nanoparticle clusters was characterized with a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The synthesized Fe3O4 NPCs were diluted in RPMI 1640 medium to a final concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. The particle size distribution was

• determined by DLS on a Malvern Nanosizer Zen 3600 instrument (Worcestershire, United Kingdom) equipped with a 633 nm laser using backscatter technology. The temperature was maintained at 25 °C, and the scattering angle was 173° from the incident laser beam. The mean particle diameter was calculated from the

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• surface in phosphate buffer, even after immersion for 72 h. This is not the case for the NaCl solution (Figure 4d), where a significant scattering of friction values is observed, especially after a longer immersion. The general trend is still towards higher friction forces of the outer layer for the

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• opposed to the case of Pt or Ir NPs. The robustness of the synthesis for a precursor concentration up to 100 mM allows for the performance of X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, which shows that 1–2 nm hexagonal close packed (hcp) NPs are formed from chain-like [OsOxCly

• using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis as presented in Figure S22 and Table S2, Supporting Information File 1. However, our experiment showed that either methanol or ethanol is needed for the reaction to proceed playing the role of reducing agents, as no product is formed when the synthesis

• turned to X-ray total scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analyses to investigate the atomic structure of the Os NPs [33]. The pair distribution function is now widely used for nanomaterial characterization, as it allows to obtain atomic structure information from materials showing no long

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• high-energy electrons, leaving a pure metal deposit on the surface, while the dissociated, volatile ligands are pumped away [3][4][5][6][7]. However, when high-energy electrons impinge on a substrate surface, these are subject to elastic and inelastic scattering and a significant number of secondary

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• experimental challenge toward elucidating the dynamic processes in oxidation. For example, the formation processes of iron oxide nanoparticles have been studied in detail using state-of-the-art X-ray scattering methods [4]. As a complementary method, variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (VT-STM

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• . Black lines show the linear correspondence of the experimental data. (a) Photo of the sensor and (b) electron microscopy image of a CCA of polystyrene particles without a PDMS layer on a glass substrate (effective particle size = 201 nm). The data obtained with dynamic light scattering slightly

• overestimates the diameter in comparison with the data obtained from microphotographs. This may be related to the specificity of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method (hydrodynamic diameter measurement). A mechanism of detecting hydrocarbons with a sensor based on a 3D PhC: (a, b) swelling of colloidal

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• CCD method produces nearly uniform, peanut-shaped particles. The size distribution determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was 759 ± 25 nm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed this size range (Figure 1C). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of particles produced with

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• particles used for pGFP transfection. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 72: Supporting Information contains dynamic light scattering (DLS), photoluminescence spectra, and zeta potential analysis of SPION@bPEI, SPION@bPEI/pDNA, SPION@bPEI-Erb, SPION @bPEI-Erb/pDNA, and SPION@bPEI-Erb/pDNA

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• as gas-phase scattering is minimized. The film deposition rate, lying typically in the range of several nanometers per minute, is therefore higher compared to non-magnetized sputtering discharges. Here a remark should be made: While the film growth rate is usually expressed in units of thickness per

• scattering efficiency for the various sputtered atoms transported in the gas phase and different sputter yields, ultimately leading to the abovementioned composition discrepancies between the source and the deposited material. The interested reader might refer to articles that exemplify this discussion such