Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• voltage during the surface modification of the dental implants. (a) Preliminary, optional cathodization pretreatment, and (b) standard, subsequent anodization. The current, i, is plotted in black, the voltage, V, in blue. The curves were obtained from the anodization of Stark implants, but were very

Electrospray deposition of organic molecules on bulk insulator surfaces

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1927–1934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.195

• in Figure 4 reveals the surface modification due to the annealing in presence of the molecules. Indeed, pits, hills and a circular shape for the step-edges are observed instead of straight step-edges that are normally observed. Molecules are adsorbed at KBr step-edges (arrow 1) and also form small

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• antibody and BSA have similar shapes with a noticeable decrease in current densities showing that the formation of a protein layer hindered the ET process. Faradic EIS showed that the surface modification by gold induces a dramatic decrease of RCT, which slowly increases after the stepwise modification by

• sweeps. (a) CV curves of functionalization of cfAuNPs by FcD (blue), conjugation with the Ab (black), coverage with BSA protein (green). The inset shows the the logarithm of the peak current as a function of the logarithm of the scan rate, (b) EIS characterization of the stepwise surface modification, (c

• the addition of gIgG/BSA and hIgG/gIgG/BSA mixtures showing a large current increase due to the presence of hIgG. (a) CV curves of functionalized cfAuNPs by the FcD (red) and its conjugation to the HRP enzyme (blue), (b) EIS characterization of the stepwise surface modification, (c) amperometric

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• distribution, facile and low cost synthesis process, and ease of surface modification, biological and medical applications using uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles are limited because of their tendency to aggregate and oxidize [9][19]. Covering their surface with organic molecules (e.g., biodegradable polymers

• biocompatible and nontoxic to the cells. Conclusion In summary, this study reports the preparation of two nanocomposites using a three step procedure. The monodisperse, uniform, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through a co-precipitation method resulting in a diameter of about 10 nm, followed by surface

• modification by a chitosan or TMC coating. The successful coating process was confirmed by FTIR. These nanocomplexes were then exposed to Au nanoparticles, which assembled on the surface to form the final nanoparticles. The size, magnetic behavior, chemical composition, thermal stability and surface

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• physical and chemical identity of ENMs, including the notion of mixtures and their particle size distributions, differences in the amount of surface modification, manufacturing conditions and batch effects. It must also capture the biological identities (e.g., toxicity pathways, effects of ENM coronas

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• used to calculate the surface properties. Zebrafish mortality at 120 hpf following exposure to: (A) ZnO NPs with and (B) without surface modification. Individual variance for each of the principal components (PCs). Black dots represent the accumulated variance explained by each PC, while the solid line

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• , surface modification by the deposition of a chemically dissimilar layer (e.g., Ag) can be of particular importance, especially in the case of bio-related applications [9]. Another critical problem faced by researchers is that it is very difficult to obtain nanoparticles with exactly the same well-defined

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• elucidate how composition, size and surface modification of nanoparticles influence viablility and functionality of reproduction relevant cells derived from various animal models. While in vitro cultured embryos displayed no toxic effects after the microinjection of gold and silver nanoparticles, sperm

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• ; neridronate; poly(dopamine); spectroscopic ellipsometry; surface characterization; surface modification; titanium; XPS; Introduction Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in medicine and dentistry to replace and support hard tissues [1]. The absence of toxic alloying metals [1], extraordinary specific

• siloxane network led to a higher deterioration tendency of the ALG/APTES double layer. The presented surface modification strategy of titanium can be an effective path for the formation of ALG-based hydrogel coatings enriched with bioactive compounds for bone tissue engineering applications. Experimental

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• analyte, plasmonic-based devices require modifications of the metal surface that exceed some limitations of a bare metal surface [7][8]. The type of surface modification depends strongly on the application of the materials and can be achieved by various approaches [7][8][11][12]. Surface modification

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• properties such as diameter and conformation variations due to dangling bonds, swelling, or surface charge variations from pH changes of the solution, are to a large extent unknown but can influence ion transport and the control of surface modification steps in a crucial manner. A homogeneous conformal

• cycles, the process provides excellent control of size adjustment of nanopores. ALD is also flexible with respect to other surface modification and suitable for applications such as selective transport of ionic species or bio species through nanochannels and the development of novel nanopore sensors

• based on SiO2-surface modification. Schematics of the fabrication of SiO2 coated membranes: (a) irradiation of PC foil with GeV heavy ions, (b) chemical etching of ion tracks to form cylindrical nanochannels, (c) ALD conformal coating of porous membrane. Diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra of uncoated

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• and its effect on cell attachment and growth was evaluated. The conditions of the surface modification were properly adjusted in order to define those conditions of the treatment that result in surfaces favorable for cell growth, while maintaining morphological integrity and mechanical behavior

• physical and mechanical stability, while the surface should provide high affinity with cells. In order to combine both prerequisites in one biomaterial, a common approach is to use synthetic biomaterials with adequate bulk properties and improve the surface functionalities by applying surface modification

• components can be observed, which correspond to the aliphatic carbon bonds (–C–C– or –C–H), carbon single bonded to oxygen (–C–OH or –C–O–), and carbonyl functional groups (O–C=O) located at approximately 285.0, 286.5, and 288.9 eV, respectively. O2-plasma treatment is a commonly used surface modification

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• high standard deviation, this effect is not statistically significant (γ = 95%, p = 0.2773). Summary Knockdown of Caveolin-1 decreased the ability of HeLa cells to internalize nanoparticles. Depending on the surface modification of SPIONs or SCIONs and the experimental design, the endocytosis of

• of control and transfected HeLa cells in pg/cell after 24 h incubation with PEGylated SPIONs; target proteins: CDC42, PIP5Kα (iron concentration 50 µg/mL, error bars: SEM, n = 3). Surface modification of SPIONs and their physical properties at room temperature in aqueous dispersion (pH 7, DLS

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• neutron capture therapy. In this review, BNNT synthesis methods and the surface modification strategies are first discussed, and then their toxicity and application studies are summarized. Finally, a perspective for the future use of these novel materials is discussed. Keywords: boron nitride nanotubes

• assessment attempts are provided in Table 2. As seen, a number of reports claim that the BNNTs are nontoxic. Since the BNNTs are highly hydrophobic, it is difficult to perform toxicity assays for these materials. Therefore, a surface modification approach is generally performed to increase their

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• selective excitation of the focal volume [93][94]. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to extend the technique to time-dependent measurements for clinically relevant volumes, reaching beyond small animals used as testing systems at the moment [95][96][97][98]. Surface modification of Janus particles The

• an aqueous environment. This is a key point regarding the use of nanoparticles for biomedical applications for sensing biomolecules, cells, and diagnosis of diseases, and intracellular delivery [99][100][101]. There are different surface modification strategies, such as ligand exchange to bind

• ]. The stability of the silica coated particles against aggregation and biocompatibility is enhanced by surface modification using a PEG-silane conjugate. Therefore, the particles remain stable at all stages of the preparation as confirmed by DLS measurements of hydrophobic Au nanoparticles, Au@Fe3O4

Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles

• Matthias G. Wacker,
• Mahmut Altinok,
• Stephan Urfels and
• Johann Bauer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235

• particles of iron oxide (USPIO) are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, their encapsulation into the protein matrix enables the synthesis of diagnostic and theranostic agents by surface modification and co-encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The present investigation deals

• with the surface modification and nanoencapsulation of USPIO into an albumin matrix by using ethanolic desolvation. Particles of narrow size distribution and with a defined particle structure have been achieved. Keywords: diagnostics; HSA; nanoencapsulation; nanoparticles; USPIO; Introduction Over

• = 6 nm). Additionally, the specific (mass dependant) magnetization of the particles was determined at a temperature of 300 K (Figure 2). Surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles Iron oxide nanoparticles were chemically modified by using a combination of citrate and tetramethylammonium hydroxide

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• , ranging from the monomer (Glu) to the eicosamer (Glu20). COD: calcium oxalate dihydrate; COT: calcium oxalate trihydrate. Reprinted with permission from [38]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society. DNA-templated preparation of porous CdS shells on the surface of silica beads: (a) surface modification

Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2113–2121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.220

• FETs lack responsivity and selectivity for its detection due to the presence of interfering compounds such as uric acid (UA). Surface modification of CNTs using single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) renders the surface responsive to DA and screens the interferent. Due to the presence of

• ]. The use of an electronic detection technique with a chemically modified CNT surface that recognizes DA and selectively screens the interferent is a potential solution to overcome these hurdles. Surface modification improves the interaction strength between the nanotube and DA, thereby enhancing the

• ssDNA-decorated FETs, even in the presence of UA. This highlights the enhancement in device response by ssDNA surface modification, and the improvement in selectivity of DA recognition in the presence of UA. To interpret the influence of ssDNA surface modification on the response of SWCNT FETs to DA, UA

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• the smooth surface and formation of agglomerates of amorphous zinc phosphate can already be seen. The zinc phosphate layer itself is not thick enough to be detected directly by TEM. Surface modification by labelling with the perylene fluorescence dye prevents the formation of a comparatively tight

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• applied. The investigated particle systems were (i) negatively charged silica particles and (ii) poly(organosiloxane) particles offering variable surface modification opportunities (positively charged, polymer coated). It is shown that the surface properties primarily determine the agglomeration state of

• [51]. As reported there, NexSil20 is a commercially available, colloidal silica without surface modification. Keeping in mind its application to nanotoxicology studies, this system was chosen due to the fact that colloidal silica is used for most real life applications of silica nanoparticles. Poly

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• dynamical change during AuNP translocation in fluids and across membranes within the organism. Keywords: biokinetics; gold nanoparticles; protein corona; protein–nanoparticle conjugate; serum protein binding; surface modification; Introduction Like any foreign material that enters into the organism

• published in the following series of reports: biokinetics of 198AuNP of different small ionic ligand surface modification: after intratracheal instillation or intravenous injection of 1.4 nm and 18 nm 198AuNP; Semmler-Behnke et al. [10]; after intravenous injection of 1.4, 2.8, 5, 18, 80 and 200 nm 198AuNP

• ; Hirn et al., [11]; after intra-esophageal instillation of 1.4, 2.8, 5, 18, 80 and 200 nm 198AuNP; Schleh et al. [12]; after intratracheal instillation of 1.4, 2.8, 5, 18, 80 and 200 nm 198AuNP Kreyling et al. [13], biokinetics of 198AuNP with PEG versus small ionic ligand surface modification are

A sonochemical approach to the direct surface functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

• Bashiru Kayode Sodipo and
• Azlan Abdul Aziz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1472–1476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.160

• cause them to agglomerate in ionic solution [1]. In addition, SPION exhibit a lack of affinity for biomolecules. One of the methods used to minimize these effects is through surface modification or functionalization of the SPION. Organic compounds, such as (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), are

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• haemolysis or nanoparticle uptake [13][14]. In most studies so far, complex surface modification was carried out to achieve water-solubility of hydrophobic QDs or SPIOs [15][16]. Another way to make nanocrystals hydrophilic is the embedding of QDs or SPIOs into the core of lipid micelles [17][18][19]. After

PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system

• Paula M. Castillo,
• Mario de la Mata,
• Maria F. Casula,
• José A. Sánchez-Alcázar and
• Ana P. Zaderenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144

• surface modification of the nanoparticles by polyethylene glycol enables loading a large amount of camptothecin. While the unloaded nanoparticles do not induce apoptosis in the H460 lung cancer cell line, the camptothecin-loaded nanoparticle formulations exhibit remarkable pro-apoptotic activity. These

• retain the biological activity of CPT and exhibit remarkable cytotoxic activity towards H460 lung cancer cell line cultures. Remarkably, it was found that iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method can be loaded with CPT. By the proposed nanoparticle surface

• modification procedure with PEG the amount of CPT that can be loaded was greatly enhanced (in effect doubled) with respect to bare USM nanoparticles. No significant difference in the cytotoxic activity was observed among the CPT loaded on either the PEGylated or bare USM magnetic nanoparticles. Nevertheless, a

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• fully regenerated via a simple pyrolysis protocol. Keywords: ethanol; gold nanoparticles; purification; self-assembled monolayers; solvent; Introduction Thirty years after their introduction [1][2][3], self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organothiolates have matured to an established tool for surface

• modification [4], e.g., as etch resist for microfabrication [5][6], as support for molecular systems like metal-organic frameworks or biomolecules [7], or for the tuning of electronic properties of metal surfaces [8][9][10][11][12], to mention just a few. One reason for the popularity of SAMs is their ease of