Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• thanks to the significant charge carrier dispersion provided by hybrid orbitals involving the Bi 6s orbital, as seen in Figure 2. Photoinduced electron–hole separation and charge carrier transfer in Bi-based materials are facilitated by a unique layered structure that creates an IEF. A magnetic field is

• increase in the overlap between Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals, a reduced charge transfer route, and strange floating features. In another approach, Huang et al. reported a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of a BiIO4/Bi2MoO6 hybrid photocatalyst for photodegradation of RhB dye [56]. Under visible-light irradiation

• activity was found to be significantly increased. This improvement was ascribed to the efficient interfacial charge transfer obtained as a consequence of the process. According to the active species trapping study, the photocatalysis process is significantly aided by the presence of photogenerated holes

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• mode. EDS point acquisitions were also performed during TEM analysis by using a silicon drift detector (SDD) from Oxford Instruments. Electronic transport The electronic transport properties of the sample were investigated by acquiring and modeling the transfer and gate curves of Te roll-like single

• diffraction of amorphous/nanocrystalline materials [24] were not observed. The EDS point analysis (Figure 3b) shows that nanostructures consist of Te, in agreement with the results of the SAED analysis and the above presented EDS analysis of the sample (Figure 1d). The transfer characteristics of the t-Te NW

• layer (SiO2) in the capacitor is dSiO2 = 300 nm. Figure 4 shows the transfer curves (Ids–Vg) of a single roll-like t-Te NW-1 one-dimensional nanostructure back-gated FET acquired at 5 and 320 K, as well as the calculated values of gm, p, and μh. The hole mobility was estimated to be μh(5 K) = 881 cm2/Vs

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• nanoclusters while their fluorescence quantum yields and stability are improved to a larger extent. Gold-silver bimetallic nanoclusters (AuAgNCs) exhibit enhanced luminescence efficiency and photostability due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and synergistic effects. Zhang et al. [27] synthesized

• et al. [39] proposed a multistep assembly method to fabricate carbon nanotube tips by developing a well-controlled procedure to fabricate scanning probe carbon nanotube tip microscopes. The process consists of three steps: purification and alignment of nanotubes using electrophoresis; transfer of

• molecules demonstrates the resolution of these nanotube tips and the potential to elucidate the structural features of biological specimens. The method involves the growth, purification, and movement of carbon nanotubes into a cartridge and, finally, the transfer of the carbon nanotubes to the tip under an

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• transfer from the surface OH groups to the Cl ligands of TiCl4 to form HCl as by-product, and the formation of new Ti–O bonds between the TiCl4 molecule and surface oxygen. During the first ligand loss reaction, TiCl4 forms one new Ti–O bond with the surface and one HCl molecule is released. This reaction

• pulse models of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 available, the interactions between the TiO2–TiCl3 and TiO2–TiCl2 species and the organic precursors are investigated by analysing the formation of MLD products with EG and GL. Reactions with EG and GL involve the transfer of one proton from a terminal OH

• examined. These reactions take place with a proton transfer from surface OH groups to the DMA ligands of Ti(DMA)4 to form protonated molecules, H–DMA, released as by-products and the formation of new Ti–O bonds between Ti(DMA)4 and oxygen atoms on the surface. After the third ligand loss reaction, Ti of Ti

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• typical hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues of SA molecules. Based on the QCM responses of naproxen (Nap) recognition on the BSA selector layer, Guo et al. studied the chiral adsorption forces by cyclic voltammograms (CVs) [33]. The result showed the formation of a larger electron transfer

• metal. Different from all prior QCM-based chiral sensing systems, no organic coating/recognition layer was used in this case. With this approach, dissipation of the oscillation or detachment of the organic selector layers is avoided, and the signal transfer during the molecular recognition processes is

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• ]. This viewpoint was confirmed by many experiments later, such as the electrical signal generated by the flow of water through single-walled carbon nanotubes [7], carbon nanosheets [8], and nanoparticles [9]. Regarding the principle of this phenomenon, the common explanation is that charge transfer

• Wang et al. also provides a valuable explanation and deeper understanding of solid–liquid interactions. Compared to the traditional model, Wang’s model suggests that electron transfer between liquid molecules and solid surface atoms is the initial step and is followed by ion transfer due to electronic

• interaction. The actual charge transfer is much more complicated, involving the contact angle, dielectric function, temperature, and ion concentration [15][16][17]. In MEGs, compared to bulk materials, nanoarchitectonics yields a higher specific surface area to the active material, which makes the contact

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• ][71]. Unfortunately, it has to be noticed that most technological solutions on the nanoscale are only promising at the laboratory stage. The transfer of such technologies to an industrial scale is often complicated and causes many difficulties [72][73][74]. Ophthalmic drugs can be also administered in

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• and urea and, subsequently, characterized. Charge transfer dynamics in the heterojunction and band structure were investigated to understand the effect of the heterojunction on the photocatalytic activity. Finally, the photocatalytic pathway of the MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunction was studied via trapping

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• carried out under ambient conditions, are challenging to implement. In this article, we describe a cantilever-based low-temperature UHV AFM setup that allows one to transfer the versatile AFM techniques developed for ambient conditions to UHV and low-temperature conditions. We demonstrate that such a

• different positions of the preparation chamber and, finally, to transfer to the cryostat chamber. For the transfer of the sample/cantilever holders from the load-lock system to the linear manipulator inside the preparation chamber and, subsequently, from the linear manipulator to the corresponding receivers

• manufactured by Cryovac [40] is mounted on top of the cryostat chamber outside the long axis of the chamber system (Figure 1); this permits a rapid transfer of (precooled) sample/cantilever holders from the manipulator to the microscope. The liquid helium (LHe) tank of the cryostat is surrounded by a liquid

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• –metal charge transfer (LMCT). For this reason, these MOFs are considered as emerging semiconductor-like photocatalysts and attention is growing toward these materials [26][27][28][29]. In 2007, Garcia and coworkers have first reported photocatalytic degradation of phenol by using MOF-5 as a

• use carbon nanotubes or carbon quantum dots to modify MIL101(Fe) to enhance its conductivity and broaden its visible-light response [37][38]. Another strategy is to construct MIL101-based heterostructures with the aid of narrow-gap semiconductors to promote the separation and transfer of

• experiment and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiment suggest that the electron transfer path between Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe) accords with the Z-type transfer mechanism. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathways were investigated via the analysis of the intermediate products in the degradation process

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• -dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) while simultaneously limiting the NA of the emitter. Paraxial approximation and a transfer matrix model are used to find the spotsize of the fundamental Gaussian mode and the resonant modes of our microcavity, respectively. A Purcell enhancement of 6 is found for

• , followed by a transfer matrix model used to find the resonant modes of the microcavity, which are then corroborated by FDTD simulations. Results and Discussion Fabrication design Hybrid plano-concave microcavity By using a quarter-wavelength DBR with a multilayer 2D material on top (Figure 2a), we designed

• + DBR system a L(HL)15 dielectric stack. A transfer matrix model [24] was used to calculate the electric field distribution inside the hBN + DBR system (Figure 6). The full transfer matrix S of our microcavity is defined as: where L and I represent the transfer and interface matrix, respectively, of the

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• slow reaction rates of the electrode processes impede the efficiency and, thus, require innovative catalyst designs. The ORR is an irreversible, complex (involving multiple steps and intermediates O, OH−, O2−, HO2− and H2O2) and kinetically slow process (via two- or four-electron transfer) dominating

• attributes include high electrical conductivity, cost-effectiveness (50 times lower than Pt), and the ability to execute the ORR via a single step (four-electron transfer). Thus, Ag and its bi- and trimetallic alloys, with and without supporting matrices, have been extensively researched as potential ORR

• electrodeposition. Among the combinations, the Ag–Cu (3:1) alloy showed the better electrode catalytic activity and the highest onset (0.85 V vs RHE) and half-wave potential (0.76 V vs RHE) with a limiting current density of 4.19 mA·cm−2, along with an electron transfer value of 3.86 in 0.1 M KOH [21]. Linic and co

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• , and this orientation is maintained for the energy transfer to the target atoms. Interestingly, the partial sputtering yields of hydrogen and oxygen atoms are the highest at incidence angles between 70 and 80° (i.e., above angles where the silicon sputtering yields are the highest), leading to the

• sputtering of approx. 75% of the adsorbed molecules. At these angles, most of the argon ions are backscattered. However, the energy transfer is still high enough to fragment the water molecules and induce the sputtering of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Hence, if the implantation of surface contaminations is to

• molecules which is sputtered intact is the highest: since the argon ion is at grazing incidence, the energy transfer is efficient for molecular lift-off and far less for bond breaking, which predominantly happens towards normal incidence. This explains also the increased amount of sputtered O–H clusters at

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• further understand the principle of the presumed anti-adhesive strategy of the honeybee and to verify it in replicas. The abstraction of the principle or structures found and the transfer to the technosphere with an effectiveness test under technical production processes are the next steps in the top-down

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• developed that mimics the physicochemical properties of a natural leaf surface. The morphology of the recrystallized structures was not a 1:1 copy of the native structures, but the properties were still transferred. This proves that the thermal evaporation process made it possible to transfer the surface

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• affected by noise [42]. An alternative approach is to measure the phase difference between the electrostatic harmonics to enable the determination of the sign of the measured VCPD [42]. In addition, the relationship between the response at different frequencies is strongly influenced by the transfer

• on eigenmode ω1, and where the first harmonic of the electrostatic responses occurs on eigenmode ω2. We also compare the performance in air vs liquid (e.g., water), where both the transfer function of the cantilever changes (reducing Q enhancement at the eigenmodes) and the relative permittivity

• of the signals (dependent upon VAC and VCPD and for the mechanically coupled modes on Am, see Appendix II) and the transfer function of the cantilever. Whilst there is an interest in obtaining large SNR values there is a trade-off in choosing an appropriate range for the mechanical amplitude of the

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• [97], and peptide isomers known as peptoids, (oligo N-substituted glycines) [98]. In addition, the transfer of the general molecular structure of AMPs/HDPs has led to peptide-mimicking polymers and surface-engineered polymeric-brush-tethered AMPs. These approaches are promising for establishing

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• . The electrical characterization for both demonstration of graphene functionalization with ZIKV60 aptamers and ZIKV NS1 protein detection consisted of DC measurements of the graphene transistors transfer characteristics. We conducted these measurements via electrolyte gating, utilizing a Keysight

• ) functionalization with ZIKV60 aptamers. In this experiment, we used 100 mM PBS as electrolyte for gating. The π-conjugated units of the pyrene-modified ZIKV60 aptamers transfer electrons to graphene, resulting in the left-shift of the graphene transfer curve because of the aptamer adsorption. Several studies

• support this electron transfer from pyrene-modified molecules to graphene as the binding mechanism in π–π interactions between such compounds [35][36][37]. The association of pyrene-modified ZIKV60 aptamers with graphene may also be mediated by charge transfer that assists the interaction between the

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• measurements reveal a negligible charge transfer at the C60/ZnTPP interface. Finally, the difference between the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and that of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) measured on C60 is about 3.75 eV, a value remarkably higher than those found in

• relevant charge transfer between the overlayer and the substrate occurs. In contrast, a low Ea is characteristic of physisorbed molecules, for which the adsorption is mediated by the weak van der Waals interaction with the substrate. Chemisorption is the typical scenario for molecules stabilized on

• electronic gap equal to 3.75 eV. Finally, work function measurements have been performed to evaluate the charge transfer between the different layers constituting the heterostructure. Generally, electron transfer from the substrate (overlayer) to the overlayer (substrate) induces an increase (decrease) of

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• matter of intense discussion in past decades [38][39][40][41][42][43]. An additional demagnetization component with a characteristic time of ≈10 ps requires the presence of a paramagnetic fraction in the material. However, the transfer of the angular momentum between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic

• fractions by highly mobile s and p electrons (which occurs due to the s–d interaction [40]) should only increase the rate of photoinduced demagnetization on a subpicosecond scale. This mechanism was justified to explain the ultrafast (subpicosecond) transfer of the angular momentum in F/N heterostructures

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• measurements, each tip was investigated by SEM for possible material transfer from the liquid alloy sample. The values of the half-opening angle θ of the tips were taken from the manufacturer’s data. Table 1 summarizes the properties of the cantilevers used in this work. The force spectroscopy measurements

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• 4710-057, Portugal 10.3762/bjnano.13.70 Abstract Mass production and commercial adoption of graphene-based devices are held back by a few crucial technical challenges related to quality control. In the case of graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition, the transfer process represents a delicate

• reproducible sample batches. Although effective in mechanically supporting graphene during the transfer, PMMA solutions needs to be efficiently designed, deposited, and post-treated to serve their purpose while minimizing potential contaminations. Here, we prepared and tested PMMA solutions with different

• strength of the PMMA layer is proportional to the AMW. These tests served to design an optimized PMMA solution made of a mixture of 550,000 (550k) and 15,000 (15k) AMW PMMA in anisole at 3% concentration. In this design, PMMA-550k provided suitable mechanical strength against breakage during the transfer

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• nanoparticles as anode materials to promote the rapid diffusion and electron transfer of lithium, and Rongjun Zhao prepared n-butanol gas sensors with one-dimensional In2O3 nanorods [1][2]. Different from 2D materials, 1D materials generally have a chain-like crystal structure and are easily exfoliated due to a

• bulks The KP15 bulks were prepared by the gas-phase transfer method. High-purity red phosphorus (1.370 g, 99.9999%) and metallic potassium (0.130 g, 97%) were mixed in a quartz tube. The temperature gradient in the quartz tube was 650 °C/400 °C and the heat treatment time was 12 h. After annealed, dark

• control the temperature. To prevent sample drift, SiO2 (300 nm)/Si substrates with tested KP15 samples were attached by fixtures to the Linkam THMS600 cryostat. Results and Discussion KP15 bulks, prepared by the gas-phase-transfer method, had a flat and smooth surface shown in Figure 1a. The X-ray

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• to form monocrystalline coordination polymers embedding a fast electron transfer route [110]. The mixed ion-electron of Prussian blue crystals could be significantly enhanced under low temperature (i.e., −20 °C), which is important for the use of batteries in cold regions. To encapsulate conductive

• increased by using these materials as positive electrodes. The networks can also help to accelerate ion transfer in coordination polymers. When the Prussian blue nanocrystals contain a double-network PAAm/PAMPS hydrogel, the uptake of Cs+ ions from solution could be as high as 397 mg·g−1, which is very