A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• combustion of a small amount of unbounded residual SDBS at lower temperature (around 186 °C) and the thermal decomposition of intercalated SDBS segments at higher temperature (around 467 °C). The excess SDBS is believed hard to be completely removed by simple purification procedures such as washing with

• washing with cold methanol. The residue was then recrystallized in methanol, filtrated, and dried in vacuum (40 °C, 24 h). The final product was obtained as a white powder with a yield of 43%. The synthesis of octa-substituted carboxy-terminated POSS (OCPS) was carried out via acylation of OAPS with

• washing with chloroform and THF. The crude product was further purified by being resolved in formic acid and reprecipitated in water, filtrated and washed with water until the pH value of the filtrate was 7. The solid was then dried in vacuum (40 °C, 24 h), to give a white powder with a yield of 69

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• graphene oxide Graphene oxide was prepared by graphite oxidation according to a modified Hummers method [66][67]. The viscous gel-like dispersion of graphite oxide obtained after oxidation and purification (centrifugation and washing) was diluted with deionized water and the resulting dispersions were high

• /washing cycles (14000 rpm, 20 min and HCl solution pH 2.6) to obtain dispersions of a total concentration of 1.0 mg·mL−1. Characterization The AFM images were recorded with a Bruker Dimension FastScan probe microscope, operating in tapping mode, with aluminium-coated Si tips (Bruker). Samples were

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

• Jesús S. Lacasa,
• Lisa Almonte and
• Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

• manufacturing processes, as well as contamination induced by the Gel-Pak containers employed for chip transport and storage [22][23]. A variety of cleaning procedures have been proposed to recover the ideal tip as manufactured initially. These procedures range from less aggressive methods, such as washing with

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• course of the reaction, the pH decreases to about 8 during the first 15 minutes and then remains the same. Thus, it is recommended to start at pH 10 when working with higher volumes, even if it means a few more rounds of washing to remove ammonium in the final step. Second, it is appropriate and

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• fabricate dicarboxylic acid nanocellulose flocculant and examine its effectiveness in the treatment of municipal wastewater (removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). In another study, cotton microfibers were subjected to acid treatment, washing, and filtration to produce nanocellulose

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• ,D in Supporting Information File 1), finding the same spinel crystalline planes as previously reported in literature for Fe3O4 nanopowders [32]. Hence, the synthesized particles are crystalline. Regarding the yield of the reaction both synthesis delivered comparable nanoparticle yields after washing

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• -type) was used to investigate the morphology of the synthesized composite materials. Cycled electrodes were analyzed after washing with DMC and drying in an argon filled glovebox. Multiple areas per sample were analyzed using an Auriga CrossBeam workstation from Zeiss at an acceleration voltage of 3 kV

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• PS-b-PEO copolymers, Mao et al. [59] demonstrated that the chemical etching of the minority component leads to the formation of a well-ordered nanoporous system by selective removal of the PEO domains by simple ether cleavage by washing with aqueous hydrogen iodine. This strong acid was selected for

• moieties. In this study, the metallo-complex selected is Ru(II)-terpyridine bis-complex. By washing the film with a Ce(IV)-containing acid solution, the Ru(II) complex between the blocks is oxidized into Ru(III) that is able to form only a monocomplex with the terpyridine ligands, thus breaking one metallo

• . However, as the solvent evaporates, the ordering front propagates through the films, thus extending the ordered microdomain growth following the solvent gradient direction (namely, perpendicular to the surface). Since PEO is water soluble, it can be easily removed by simply heating and washing with water

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• , the sections were incubated for 1 h in Dylight488-conjugated-streptavidin (Vector Laboratories) diluted 1:300 in BSA-T at room temperature. After three washing steps in TBS-T, the sections were mounted in Mowiol and analysed with a Leica DM5000 or a Zeiss Axioscope A1 microscope, or with a Leica SP5

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• catalyst Raw diatomite was purified by acid-washing in 2 M HCl solution at 75 °C for 4 h according to [20]. The Fe3O4/diatomite composite was prepared through thermal decomposition and in situ loading [3]. Typically, 0.4 g of purified diatomite was first put into 60 mL TREG under magnetic stirring for 30

• for 30 min with subsequent ultrasound dispersion for 5 min, followed by dissolving 0.35 g KMnO4 into the mixture. The resulting mixture was transferred into a 100 mL autoclave and kept at 160 °C for 12 h under slight stirring. Finally, the MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite nanocomposite was obtained after washing

• , a broad peak at around 22.5° is observed due to the amorphous structure of SiO2. No other obvious diffraction peaks are detected, suggesting that after the washing, the raw diatomite is highly pure. Six peaks at 29.9°, 35.3°, 43.2°, 53.3°, 57.00° and 62.4° are observed in the pattern of Fe3O4

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• pure CoAl LDH was performed under N2 at 800 °C for 2 h with a heating rate of 2 °C/min and the obtained product was a layered double oxide (LDO). The carbonized NPLs were soaked in 1 M HCl solution for 24 h to dissolve the Co nanoparticles, followed by washing with ultrapure water and then drying at

• practical application. In order to qualify as a good absorbent, the material must not only possess high adsorption efficiency but it should be easily recyclable to reduce the cost of the adsorption process. The desorption experiments are carried out by simply washing the adsorbents with ethanol three times

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• amount of the PMMA, especially low molecular mass fractions, are soluble and were removed during washing of the nanocomposites. The dispersion of NP-PMMA nanoparticles in the nanocomposites is uniform, regardless of their content (Figure 4). In the NC-1 sample, the nanoparticles were predominantly

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• are attached to the chip through the o-rings that are sealed around the through-holes on the back of the chip. Therefore, flow control is attained through a pressure-regulated vacuum pump. The microfluidic chips can be reused by washing with buffer of 1% pluronic F-68 surfactant in 0.22 μm filtered

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• silica spheres of the surface mask. The spheres were then removed with a washing step to produce a hexagonal pattern of nanoholes within the OTS film (Figure 1b), conforming to the arrangement of the surface mask. Samples with nanoholes within OTS were then placed in a solution of CMPS and either toluene

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• with the trade name Silver Nano™ in their washing machines, air conditioners, refrigerators, air purifiers and vacuum cleaners, which use ionic Ag NPs [34]. NPs and NSMs are extensively used in auto production: as fillers in tires to improve adhesion to the road, fillers in the car body to improve the

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• -filtered and washed with about 20 mL of washing agent (acetone and distilled water of a volumetric ratio of 1:1). The solid residue was then dried for 24 h at a temperature of 108 °C and reduced under hydrogen and argon atmosphere (50 vol % Ar + 50 vol % H2) at a temperature of 500 °C for 4 h to convert

• stirring. The flask with the mixture was placed in an oil bath and heated to a temperature of around T ≈ 65 °C for 4 h. The mixture was then naturally cooled down to room temperature and washed with about 20 mL washing agent of acetone and distilled water of a volumetric ratio of 1:1. The samples were then

• , such as precursor concentration, CNT mass, sonication time, type and volume of washing agents, annealing temperature and time, resulted in filling of the CNTs with Fe50Co50 nanoparticles in a well-defined manner. These approaches can be extended to the filling of many other kinds of magnetic

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• a thermomixer (650 rpm) at 37 °C for 72 h. The sample was then washed several times with MeOH using both magnetic washing and centrifugation (Eppendorf 15,000 rpm 10 min each) recovering the washings in a volumetric 10 mL flask. The sample, before being injected in the HPLC-VWD, was preconcentrated

• , 920 μL of a 0.5 mg/mL trypsin stock solution (corresponding to 136 μg/μmol) were added. The final volume was adjusted to 1 mL with TRIS buffer. The sample was kept under shaking in a thermomixer (650 rpm) at 37 °C for 72 h. The sample was then washed several times with MeOH using both magnetic washing

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• role as surfactant, partly blocking the nucleation at (100) facets if the prevalent growth mechanism is normal or lateral layer-by-layer growth [28]. Presumably, the PVP adsorbates remained at the Ag2O crystallite surface after the washing procedure. Remarkably, the porous polyhedron-like silver

• . After multiple centrifugation steps of the precipitate and washing with ≈1 L of MilliQ pure water, the product was ready for the following syntheses. The dry product, which is appropriate for storage and further dispersion in water, could be produced freeze drying. All the Ag particle synthesis was

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• resistant against washing out in procedures. It has recently been shown that the deposition of metal NPs using the cluster beam technique is an efficient approach in the formation of polymer composite films with antibacterial properties. The composites can be formed by either incorporation of particles

• that the surface cluster density is not changed after the deposition of bacteria and the following washing of the samples over a few cycles of the experiments. Such example is presented in Figure 2 for Ti NPs. Ti clusters produced by magnetron sputtering were either left untreated or oxidized in two

• environmental conditions and to the solutions used for bacteria deposition and the following washing. An investigation of these mechanisms requires an additional more detailed study. Finally, it would be of practical interest to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of our approach compared to standard

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• , clothes and dental treatment). For example, slowly released nanosilver has been used in a variety of domestic appliances, such as washing machines (e.g., Samsung SilverNanoHealth technology). Moreover, antibacterial properties of noble metals have been applied for medical purposes, including healing of

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• at 80 °C for 3 h. For the synthesis of pristine MSNs, the particles were synthesized without CD addition. The nanoparticles were later purified by washing with a mixed solution of acetic acid and methanol with a ratio of 1:3 to remove weakly adsorbed CDs and CTAC moieties from the surface and pores

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• , Martinsried, Germany) at a density of 30,000 cells per well. On the following day, cells were exposed to solutions of 1 mg·mL−1 of each C-dot type and incubated for 24 h, at 37 °C. After fixing the cells with a 4% paraformaldehyde solution (30 min, at 37 °C) and washing with PBS, cells were imaged using a

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• After applying the oxidation mixture to the HAPG surface, all the liquid spread over the surface and was absorbed by the graphite during the first minute. The surface became iridescent. Then we did not observe any changes in the state of the surface for 30 minutes. After washing the samples with water

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• purchased from R&M Chemicals. Distilled water was used throughout the experiment for dilution and washing purpose. In addition, IPA (83.5%) and DMSO (99%) was purchased from Bendosen and Univar, respectively. The EDTA-2Na+ (99%) was obtained from ChemSoln. Preparation of carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and carbon

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• mechanically and chemically stable to withstand the conditions during photocatalysis. Daoud and Xin [35] coated cotton fibers with 20 nm anatase particles via a sol–gel method. The covalently bonded TiO2 particles have a 50+ UV protection factor and are stable against washing. In an alternative approach, Zheng

• ) for 30 min followed by washing three times in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, once with water, and once with 50% ethanol for 5 min each. Then the hybrid materials were immersed in 2% uranyl acetate solution in 50% ethanol for 30 min followed by treatment with 70% EtOH, 90% EtOH, 100% EtOH, 2× 100% EtOHabs

• additional advantage that they can easily be purified and recycled by simple washing. Conclusion We have successfully synthesized two new TiO2-silk hybrid materials using B. mori silk as a renewable and versatile scaffold. The hybrid materials have a complex architecture and are efficient water splitting