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Search for "REACH" in Full Text gives 687 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

  • Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
  • Nikolai A. Usov and
  • Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

Graphical Abstract
  • demonstrates that for assemblies of both types the shape of the hysteresis loops depends significantly on the transverse particle diameter D = 2b. It is interesting to note that the areas of the hysteresis loops reach a maximum at the same value of the transverse particle diameter, D = 15 nm. However, the
  • cluster, η = 0.04–0.2, in comparison with an oriented assembly of non-interacting nanoparticles, η = 0. According to Figure 4a, for given ac magnetic field parameters the SAR of the oriented assembly of non-interacting nanoparticles can reach a maximum of about 1500–1600 W/g. However, with an increase in
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Published 28 Dec 2021

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

  • Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
  • Haralambos Sarimveis,
  • Philip Doganis,
  • Xiaodong Jia,
  • Marianna Kotzabasaki,
  • Christiana Gousiadou,
  • Stacey Lynn Harper and
  • Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

Graphical Abstract
  • models developed here for excess lethality at 120 hpf and improved models for mortality at 24 hpf.) It is possible that our findings reflect the fact that toxicity up to 24 hpf requires dermal penetration to reach the site of biological action, since swallowing does not start until around 72 hpf [31
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Published 29 Nov 2021

Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions

  • Leonid S. Revin,
  • Dmitriy V. Masterov,
  • Alexey E. Parafin,
  • Sergey A. Pavlov and
  • Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95

Graphical Abstract
  • ), the optimal signal detection regime is shifted. That is, for temperatures of 80 K and 70 K and the frequency of 72 GHz, the condition ωmw ≈ ωc is satisfied, and the step heights reach ≈Ic and ≈0.9 Ic, respectively. At 50 K, maxΔI1 ≈ Icωmw/ωc = IcFmw/Fc = 3 mA × 72 GHz/330 GHz = 0.65 mA, and at 20 K
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Published 23 Nov 2021

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

  • Ruifei Wang,
  • Jin Chai,
  • Bobo Luo,
  • Xiong Liu,
  • Jianting Zhang,
  • Min Wu,
  • Mingdan Wei and
  • Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

Graphical Abstract
  • the no-slip boundary condition is no longer valid. The slip length, a quantity that reflects the amount of slip at a given surface, can reach orders of magnitude of many microns [13]. The impetus to investigate flow boundary conditions, which are valid in nanoscale fluidic systems, lies in the
  • force [39][40][41][42]. However, compared with experimental methods, numerical simulations, such as the lattice Boltzmann method and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, are more attractive in many aspects. First, numerical simulations can readily reach the system sizes and timescales of practical
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Published 17 Nov 2021

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

  • Alexei G. Temiryazev,
  • Andrey V. Krayev and
  • Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

Graphical Abstract
  • , and in order to reach the A1 level, it is necessary to bring the probe closer to the surface. Let us consider the main advantages of this method. One is the adaptive scanning speed. The levels of A1 and A2 may be very close. Their difference should only be much higher than the noise level. In our
  • steep topography. Likewise, when descending a steep edge, parachuting will not happen, as the probe will remain over each point as long as necessary to reach the reference level of the amplitude. Thus, the actual time taking to acquire a scan is determined both by the speed of movement between the
  • the lateral and vertical movement times on all lines, as well as the ascent and descent times when switching the direct and return passes. Next, we enter two levels of height. A bottom level Hbot limits the depth at which the probe must reach the surface. If, during the measurement, at Hbot the
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Published 15 Nov 2021

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

  • Vishal Kamathe and
  • Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

Graphical Abstract
  • this origin location. The second particle diffuses via random walk, reaches a site close to the seed particle, and subsequently comes to a stop. In a similar way, other particles are added one by one and allowed to move randomly or guided by diffusion [54]. The added particles eventually reach their
  • hyperbranched morphologies of fractals, offering high surface area and numerous transport channels for gas analytes to reach the electrode of a sensor more quickly, also form a good object of basic science. This review article gives an overview of fractal geometries that have been successfully applied as gas
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Published 09 Nov 2021

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

  • Markus Gehring,
  • Tobias Kutsch,
  • Osmane Camara,
  • Alexandre Merlen,
  • Hermann Tempel,
  • Hans Kungl and
  • Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

Graphical Abstract
  • these particular measurements, while at 700 and 1000 °C the difference is within the margin of error. In general, the fibres with cobalt reach higher current densities, except for very negative potentials vs MMO for the fibres carbonised at 900 °C. The overall current densities seem to increase with
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Published 19 Oct 2021

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF3)4

  • Alexey Prosvetov,
  • Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
  • Gennady Sushko and
  • Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

Graphical Abstract
  • steps with a velocity quenching time step of 0.5 fs. After that, the precursor molecules are pulled down to the surface and thermalized at the specified temperature to reach thermal equilibrium. In the simulations the substrate atoms are frozen while all the atoms in precursor molecules are freely
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Published 13 Oct 2021

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

  • Huan Ren,
  • Lifang Wu,
  • Lina Tan,
  • Yanni Bao,
  • Yuchen Ma,
  • Yong Jin and
  • Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoparticles (PWG) capable of spontaneous assembly under physiological conditions. Interestingly, since glycine provides carboxyl groups and is acid-sensitive, when the nanoparticles reach the tumor site, the acidity increases and the protonation of PWG promotes the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds
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Published 12 Oct 2021

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

  • Karishma Berta Cotta,
  • Sarika Mehra and
  • Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

Graphical Abstract
  • @IONPpH5 however, attains the desired extracellular drug levels with a much lower nanoparticle concentration (0.625 mg/mL), thus proving it to be non-toxic. Since increasing the drug loading (achieved in case of NOR@IONPpH5) enables the use of a reduced nanoparticle concentration (to reach the desired
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Published 07 Oct 2021

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

  • Muhammad Atif Sattar,
  • Najwa Al Bouzieh,
  • Maamar Benkraouda and
  • Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

Graphical Abstract
  • from Figure 6a that for a fixed pressure, the CV curve grows sharply up to 300 K then the value of CV gradually raises. Afterward, at a higher temperature range, the CV curve keeps a continuing pace and tends to reach the Dulong–Petit limit, revealing that at a high-temperature range all the phonon
  • remarkably high value of ZT ≈ 2.6 at 773 K along the b axis has been reported, which is the world record so far [1][5]. Also, for the SnSe thin films and 2D sheets, the experimental ZT values were relatively low; the maximum value can only reach 0.28 at 675 K [67][68]. One recent study shows that the Gd
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Published 05 Oct 2021

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

  • Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
  • Norma J. Salazar-López,
  • Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
  • José R. Vega-Baudrit,
  • J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
  • Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
  • Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
  • Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
  • Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

Graphical Abstract
  • toxicity, and extending product life cycles [7]. Moreover, they can enhance the therapeutic index and pharmacokinetics of several compounds [40]. This is due to their nanoranged size and the possibility of modifications that can make them able to cross biological barriers to reach a specific target organ
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Published 15 Sep 2021

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

  • Maximilian Joschko,
  • Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
  • Christina Malsi,
  • Danilo Kisić,
  • Ivana Validžić and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoparticles until the particles reach a fully crystalline state. Results and Discussion The Sb2S3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hot-injection synthesis at 150 °C, where a complex consisting of Sb and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (Sb-EHA) was injected into a S-OlAm precursor solution. Subsequently, the reaction
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Published 10 Sep 2021

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

  • Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
  • Bernd Wicklein and
  • Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

Graphical Abstract
  • alloys. This can be attributed to more effective mitigation mechanisms for the volume expansion [74]. Some intermetallic compounds also show higher capacities. For instance, a Sb anode with 7% of Si can reach a maximum capacity value as high as 663 mAh·g−1 after 140 cycles in a SiB, while the pure Sb
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Published 09 Sep 2021

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

  • Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

Graphical Abstract
  • . Faster milling grains, however, do not reach this critical concentration and phase transformations. In addition, significant crystal structure changes could not be observed in the EBSD measurements for those grains. The measurements suggest that the damage and occurring phase transformation are linked to
  • larger interaction volume depth for Ne is expected to result in an overall higher ion implantation concentration for Ne as the steady-state condition is reached later. To determine the dose required to reach the steady-state condition, the sample was irradiated with 3371 ions/nm2 and a TEM lamella was
  • consider faster milling grains or grains which were milled slower. These grains would reach the steady-state condition at different stages and the delivered ion dose may make a big difference for those grains and would explain the observed results. Overall, the highest ion dose would produce more defects
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Published 31 Aug 2021

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

  • Elena O. Gordeeva,
  • Ilya V. Roslyakov,
  • Alexey P. Leontiev,
  • Alexey A. Klimenko and
  • Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

Graphical Abstract
  • nanowires are electrically connected both to the bottom and the top continuous Cu layers (Figure 1c). According to [27], the decrease in electrodeposition overpotential, which is accompanied by the decrease in the diffusion current contribution, leads to an increase in the number of nanowires that reach the
  • density. At stage III, some of the nanowires reach the AAO surface and Cu starts to grow at the external surface of the template, which manifests itself by a growth of current density. Finally, the current density stabilizes at a near constant value, indicating the growth of a continuous metal film (stage
  • IV). The charge density, which passes before the metal nanowires reach the AAO surface (qexp), is strongly affected by Ed (Figure 2b). An increase in overpotential leads to a decrease in the average filling the AAO template with metal. According to Faraday’s law, the electric charge density required
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Published 30 Aug 2021

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

  • Ido Azuri,
  • Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
  • Neta Regev-Rudzki,
  • Georg Fantner and
  • Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. For completeness, we also mention here a third type of learning, that is, “reinforcement learning”, in which the model learns to independently reach a goal within a given environment by trial and error, reinforced by operator chosen rewards or penalties resulting from the result of these decisions
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Published 13 Aug 2021

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

  • Chia-Wei Huang,
  • Man-Ping Chang and
  • Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

Graphical Abstract
  • interactions between C and Cu atoms are calculated by Lennard-Jones (LJ) potentials, using parameters of 0.019996 eV and 3.225 Å [35]. The simulation system uses an isothermal–isobaric (NPT) ensemble to reach equilibrium by a Nose–Hoover thermostat for 100000 time steps. The shear loading is performed by
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Published 12 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Graphical Abstract
  • provided evidence that during the expansion phase of MB-triggered cavitation there is a net influx of gas into the MB. The bubbles expand until they reach their resonant size with low amplitude oscillations in a linear direction. These stable oscillations result in the creation of a liquid flow surrounding
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Published 11 Aug 2021

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

  • Ke Xu and
  • Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

Graphical Abstract
  • the behavior of large groups, including a scalable system and a modular circuit architecture. It was used to coordinate up to 16 micro/nanorobots for minimally invasive, collision-free two-dimensional position control. Experiments show that the maximum can reach 288 degrees of freedom, and the
  • the speed of the nanoswimmer can be adjusted by the light intensity. Under a laser intensity of 5 W·cm−2, the nanoswimmer can reach a speed of 31.22 μm/s. The potential of this nanoswimmer in biomedical applications and active soft materials provides support for future research. Sato et al. [32
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Published 20 Jul 2021

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

  • Ke Xu,
  • Shuang Xu and
  • Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

Graphical Abstract
  • and the microrobot. The position accuracy of this technology is extremely high and can reach the nanometer level. A permanent magnet was embedded in the microrobot, which will make the microrobot levitate under the action of a diamagnetic material. In this process, this was realized without an active
  • were negligible. Yang’s team has provided a rapid and low-cost detection technique for medical testing in future clinical applications. Magnetic drive structures used in MNRs MNRs could move in the human body with little restrictions to reach confined and delicate parts. This offers the potential of
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Published 19 Jul 2021

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

  • Barbara Pem,
  • Marija Ćurlin,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Valerije Vrček,
  • Rinea Barbir,
  • Vedran Micek,
  • Raluca M. Fratila,
  • Jesus M. de la Fuente and
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

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  • vivo settings. Keywords: animal tissue; biological media; nanoparticle aggregation; nanoparticle dissolution; nanoparticle reformation; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The global consumption of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been steadily increasing in the last decade and estimated to reach over
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Published 07 Jul 2021

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

  • Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Graphical Abstract
  • multifaceted instrument enabling a broad range of applications beyond imaging in which the finely focused helium ion beam is used for a variety of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication tasks. Operation of the ion source with neon has extended the reach of this technology even further. This
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Published 02 Jul 2021

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al2O3/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

  • Piotr Caban,
  • Rafał Pietruszka,
  • Jarosław Kaszewski,
  • Monika Ożga,
  • Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
  • Krzysztof Kopalko,
  • Piotr Kuźmiuk,
  • Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
  • Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
  • Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
  • Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

Graphical Abstract
  • . Starting from 300 nm, and after crossing approx. 350 nm, they rapidly increase and after reaching a maximum value all of them linearly decrease to approx. 20% (approx. 10% in case of B1) at around 875 nm to finally reach zero around 900 nm. The lack of carrier generation at the wavelengths longer than
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Published 28 Jun 2021

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

  • Jakub Kierdaszuk,
  • Piotr Kaźmierczak,
  • Justyna Grzonka,
  • Aleksandra Krajewska,
  • Aleksandra Przewłoka,
  • Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
  • Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
  • Marta Sobanska,
  • Maria Kamińska,
  • Andrzej Wysmołek and
  • Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

Graphical Abstract
  • graphene deposited on gallium nitride nanowires (GaN NWs) with different variations in height. The electric field induced in GaN predicted by theoretical calculations could reach 5 MV/cm [21]. This is an effect of high spontaneous and piezoelectric polarisations in the wurtzite structure of GaN
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Published 22 Jun 2021
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