Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• scanning electron microscopy (FESEM; Zeiss SUPRA 55) images. The crystallographic information of the NWs was investigated with the aid of transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Zeiss Libra 200). Micro-Raman spectroscopy (InVia, Reinshaw) at 514.5 nm excitation, with a 1800 grooves/mm grating, and

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen physisorption. For P/Ti ratios up to 0.1, the hybrid materials can be described as aggregated, roughly spherical, crystalline anatase nanoparticles grafted by octylphosphonate groups via Ti–O–P bonds. The crystallite size decreases

• samples decreased with the P/Ti ratio from 16 to 6 nm. The lower intensity of the (004) reflection compared to the (200) reflection indicated that the crystallites are not elongated and have a roughly spherical morphology. Raman spectroscopy (Figure 4) confirmed the XRD results. For P/Ti ratios between 0

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• applied in standard lithography processes and that, inevitably, modify the electrical proprieties of graphene. By Raman spectroscopy and electrical-transport investigations, we correlate the room-temperature carrier mobility of graphene devices with the size of well-ordered domains in graphene. In

• chemical contamination of graphene in lithography processes [11]. Because of this, in the present work we investigate by Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements the effects of different post-photolithography cleaning methods on the yield and performance of CVD-based graphene devices

• performed Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements, at room temperature, to correlate the size of well-ordered domains in graphene with its carrier mobility. The Raman spectroscopy was performed using an InVia Renishaw Raman spectrometer with a 514.5 nm laser and the electrical transport

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• nanocrystals (NCs) is investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Unlike similar previous studies of NCs synthesized at high temperatures in organic solvents, NCs in this work, which have diameters as small as 2–6 nm, were synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions in aqueous solution using small molecules

• sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS); CuS; Cu-Sn-S; kesterite; phonon; pulsed light crystallization; Raman spectroscopy; secondary phase; SnS; Introduction Affordable and non-toxic solar energy materials having a high absorption coefficient and a bandgap in the solar illumination range are an ever-growing research

• efficient diagnostic tool of the structure and composition of CZTS and related compounds [10][11][13][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Moreover, being a fast, contactless, and non-destructive technique, Raman spectroscopy/microscopy can be applied for in situ monitoring in CZTS film technology, as it

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. We demonstrated that Sb2S3 optical coatings with controllable structure, morphology and optical properties can be deposited by ultrasonic spray

• temperatures [16]. The vibrational bands corresponding to Sb2O3 were not detected by Raman spectroscopy in any of the studied glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides qualitative information on the phase composition and crystal structure. XRD patterns of reference glass/ITO/TiO2 samples

• description of the vapor pressure calculations (Comment S1) are provided in the Supporting Information File 1. Consequently, only as-deposited samples and samples thermally treated in vacuum at 170 °C and 200 °C are eligible for discussion. Structure of as-deposited and thermally treated Sb2S3 layers Raman

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• samples The chemical and phase identity of the Ru/C material obtained by laser-induced deposition is delivered by a combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Firstly, the Ru/C layer is amorphous, since only crystalline Al peaks of the substrate are visible

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• chemical composition of the iron oxide decorated carbon nanotube samples were investigated employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The differently decorated CNT samples were used to make gas sensors for detecting nitrogen dioxide. A

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• towards the center in agreement with the most intense crystalline plane planes (112) and (−312) of the SnF2 phase. Also, in both SAED images there are no diffraction rings or dots placed in ZnO(101): 2.48 Å and Zn(101): 2.09 Å positions. Raman spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy, commonly employed to provide

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• morphological aspects. Therefore, the new nanocomposite presents promising properties for development of new materials in the film form on substrates for sensing or corrosion protection for example. Keywords: graphene oxide; hexaniobate; polyaniline; Raman spectroscopy; secondary doping; Introduction

• ]. The results of XPS spectra at N 1s core level are supported by resonance Raman spectroscopy, as shown below. The structural characterisation of PANI in the nanocomposites was also performed by Raman spectroscopy, as presented in Figure 6. Raman bands in the spectra of rGO/PANI and rGO/PANI/hexNb at

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

• Jesús S. Lacasa,
• Lisa Almonte and
• Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

• [31] and the RCA process [32], both of which are very successful in the removal of organic and metal contamination. Several methods for tip characterization have been proposed, such as X-ray analysis, Raman spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy [33

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• bonding was collected by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS, K-Alpha, Thermo Scientific) and Raman spectroscopy (EZRaman-N-785, TSI. Inc.), respectively. Electrochemical characterization of the samples was performed using an Autolab PGSTAT204 (Metrohm Autolab B.V.) with a three-electrode configuration

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• Sherif Okeil Jorg J. Schneider Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.263 Abstract The design of efficient substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for

• treatment; silver; sputtering; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); surface roughening; Introduction The great enhancement of Raman signals obtained from molecules when they are in close vicinity to a rough noble-metal surface (e.g., gold, silver and copper) has attracted a great deal of interest in

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Eleonora M. Danilina and
• Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

• the GaAsBi/GaAs, InAs/GaAs, and InAs/GaAsBi heterointerfaces were investigated by methods of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction reflection curves were investigated on a high-resolution TRS-1 X-ray diffractometer with a third-crystal geometry using the Cu Kα emission line

• the sputtering targets. In our opinion, this difference is due to the desorption of Bi from the surface, despite the low deposition temperature of 360 °C. The influence of bismuth on the structural properties of InAs/GaAsBi and InAs/GaAs heterointerfaces was investigated by using Raman spectroscopy

• . In accordance with the selection rule, modes of longitudinal optical phonons (LO) and longitudinal acoustic phonons (LA) are allowed in the heterointerfaces. The Raman spectroscopy results are shown in Figure 3b. In addition to the allowed modes, forbidden transverse optical (TO) modes for optical

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• . Once opened to air, the samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Functionalization by ferrocene derivatives Ferrocene derivatives were grafted onto CNT sidewalls by reacting the alcohol group of the ferrocene linkers to the COCl groups present after step 2 on the CNT sidewalls. We investigated

• attached to CNT sidewalls. XPS and TGA-MS experiments thus show that oxidized defects can be detected for samples having undergone the oxidation and functionalization steps. Raman spectroscopy is a method of choice to observe the creation of sp3 defects in carbon nanostructures, due to the presence in the

• the purely thermal process (heating under reflux). Moreover, our functionalization process uses bundles of CNTs, and probably most of the inner tubes within the bundles are not affected by the chemical processes. Raman spectroscopy also probes these inner tubes, which may explain the lack of

Contactless photomagnetoelectric investigations of 2D semiconductors

• Marian Nowak,
• Marcin Jesionek,
• Barbara Solecka,
• Piotr Szperlich,
• Piotr Duka and
• Anna Starczewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2741–2749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.256

• occasional holes and cracks. The presence of single-layer graphene was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy using an NTEGRA Spectra (NT-NDT) device with a wavelength of 532 nm. The carrier mobility μe = 1256(25) cm2V−1s−1 and sheet carrier concentration ne = 4.65(6)·1016 m−2 in the graphene were determined using

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• diffraction angle from 20° to 80°. The vibrational properties of the NRs were studied by Raman spectroscopy using a XploRA confocal Raman microscope from Horiba. The Raman spectra were recorded using a 0.532 µm CW laser excitation with a 10× objective and 1800 lines/mm grating (spectral resolution better than

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• tested on dyes, pigments and biomolecules and enhancement factors higher than 105 are observed. TERS mapping with a spatial resolution of 5 nm is demonstrated. Keywords: amyloid; enhanced spectroscopy; gold tips; plasmonics; TERS; Introduction Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the

• chemical and structural information of Raman spectroscopy with the large signal gain provided by plasmonic resonances in metal tips and the high spatial resolution mapping offered by scanning probe microscopy [1][2][3][4][5]. In TERS, sharp metallic (or metallized) tips act as optical nanoantennas [6][7

• “Sviluppo e Applicazioni di Materiali e Processi Innovativi per la Diagnostica e il Restauro di beni culturali, DELIAS”. C.D’A. and P.M. acknowledge the Tuscany Region within the project “Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease SUPREMAL” (PAR FAS 2007- 2013 Action

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• . 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina 10.3762/bjnano.9.253 Abstract Disorder was induced in pristine highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by irradiation with H+ ions with energies of 0.4 MeV and 1 MeV, and doses of 1014 ions/cm2 and 1016 ions/cm2. Raman spectroscopy was used as the main

• engineering in carbon-based materials. Keywords: disorder; highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG); ion–solid interactions; Raman spectroscopy; topography; Introduction The development of novel methods to control the properties of carbon-based materials by introducing disorder is currently a subject of

• interest for many nanotechnological applications [1][2][3]. The identification of particle-induced disorder in the sp2 carbon network [3][4][5][6][7], such as the creation and aggregation of defects and/or impurities, has been mainly conducted by using Raman spectroscopy as a fast and non-destructive tool

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• and optical properties and this is further discussed in the following sections. Raman spectroscopy Raman spectra obtained after annealing at 450 °C in air are shown in Figure 4. Anatase is the stable phase with bands at 193.1 (Eg), 393.7 (B1g), 514.2 (A1g), and 634.7 cm−1 (Eg), as well as a sharp and

• beneficial effect for the degradation of MB, which could be also facilitated by an anchoring mechanism to a more hydrophilic TiO2 surface [90]. Further information on the degradation of MB was obtained with Raman spectroscopy. Figure 9e shows the spectra recorded for the solutions at the end of the treatment

• diffractograms performed on a Bruker AXS (model D8 Advance) diffractometer, using Cu Kα radiation and Bragg–Brentano geometry. Raman spectroscopy was also performed for all samples with a Micro-Raman Spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet, model DXR) equipped with a 780 nm laser and a 12× optical microscope. Spectra were

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• examined by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of these nanocomposites was tested using 2,2’-bipyridine as a molecular reporter and excitation in the visible and near-IR spectral regions. The

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• any further sharp reflections, other than that of the crystalline Si. The amorphous nature of the carbon matrix was also confirmed with the help of Raman spectroscopy, as depicted in Figure 3c. Both Si/C composites, as well as the pure carbon matrix exhibit two bands at 1,345 cm−1 and 1,593 cm−1 that

Nanotribology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Susan Perkin,
• Andrea Vanossi and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2330–2331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.217

• techniques for materials characterization are those typical of surface science (e.g., X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, XPS and Raman spectroscopy), more specific to nanotribology are nanoindenters, nanotribometers, quartz force microbalance and especially atomic force microscopy (AFM), which, without a doubt

Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

• Ana S. Viana and
• Romana Santos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2277–2286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.212

• proteinaceous fibres [12] that have been identified as amyloid fibres using the fluorochrome dye thioflavine-T, in addition to Raman spectroscopy and AFM [1]. AFM revealed a series of sawtooth mechanical responses reflecting the repetitive breaking of sacrificial bonds within an intermolecular β-sheet as

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• the reagents (in the mM range) is too low for normal Raman spectroscopy. The surfactant (capping agent) plays a key role in the stabilization of the AgNPs by prohibiting aggregation via electrostatic repulsion between AgNPs. However, the surfactant surrounding the AgNPs does not exhibit a SERS

Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Emre Gürdal,
• Simon Dickreuter,
• Fatima Noureddine,
• Pascal Bieschke,
• Dieter P. Kern and
• Monika Fleischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

• University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.188 Abstract The fabrication and optical characterization of self-assembled arrangements of rough gold nanoparticles with a high area coverage and narrow gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are reported

• enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [10]. Ordered arrays of such particles can be fabricated by different methods. Electron-beam lithography for example is a top-down method which provides good control, but is time consuming and costly. In contrast, the self-assembly of block-copolymers is a bottom-up

• -303i spectrometer equipped with an iDus DU416A-LDC-DD detector. Raman spectroscopy The gold nanoparticles were incubated for 22 h with a 5 mM solution of 4-MBA (Sigma Aldrich) in ethanol. After this process, the substrate was rinsed with ethanol and dried with nitrogen gas. The Raman spectra were