Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• -hydroxybutyrate) chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold coated with a nanobioglass–titania scaffold on bone cell regeneration was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination verified the porosity of the scaffolds in the 300–700 µm range. The incorporation of chitosan into poly(3

• the scaffold was tested using simulated bodily fluids, and mineral formation (calcium and phosphorous) on the surface was analysed using SEM [58]. To achieve biofunctionality, a scaffold composed of carbon nanotubes and chitosan was fabricated via electrophoretic deposition. These hybrid composites

• were identified by fluorescence imaging. Cells adhered on nanofibers show a better cell phenotype, and this was corroborated by morphological characterisation via SEM [72] (Figure 6). Misra and colleagues developed chitosan–graphene nanocomposite scaffolds that modify cell–scaffold interactions

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• . Characterization of the as-prepared catalyst The crystalline structure of the prepared photocatalyst was analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectrometry (Empyrean, Panalytical, Holland) with Cu Kα radiation at a scanning speed of 7 °/min. The morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM

• morphology and microstructure of Bi2O3, MIL101(Fe), and BOM-20 were observed by SEM, TEM, and HRTEM. Figure 2 shows SEM images of Bi2O3, MIL101(Fe), and BOM-20. Figure 2a reveals that MIL101(Fe) appears as an octahedron with a smooth surface and size of approx. 1–2 μm, which is consistent with a previous

• report [53]. As shown in Figure 2b, pristine Bi2O3 shows nanoparticles with diameters of approx. 10–20 nm. In the SEM image of the composite BOM-20 (Figure 2c), Bi2O3 nanoparticles are tightly attached on the surface of MIL101(Fe). Note that MIL101(Fe) in BOM-20 presents a spindle-like shape instead of

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• microwave-assisted approach with different fractions of Ag, Cu, and Co, that is, Ag0.6Co1.5Cu1.5 (ACC-1), Ag2.0Co1.0Cu1.0 (ACC-2), and Ag6.0Co1.0Cu1.0 (ACC-3). Our method is convenient and efficient for designing a sustainable electrode material for the ORR in alkaline media. XRD, FTIR, and SEM were used to

• analysed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the bimetallic NPs supported on rGO, we observe spherical and triangular particles distributed over few-layered rGO nanosheets. The uniform distribution of the bimetallic NPs over the edges and the surface of the rGO highlights the importance of the

• shown in Figure 7b. Following the stability investigation, another assessment of functional groups and morphology of ACC-2 was carried out by FTIR and SEM (Figure S11, Supporting Information File 1). There is no considerable change in the morphological integrity of the catalyst (before and after 10,000

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• residual hydrocarbons by electron irradiation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) vacuum chambers have been reported in several studies [12][13][14][15]. Hydrocarbon contamination from samples and vacuum pump oils is known to be ever present in vacuum chambers of electron microscopes [16][17][18]. The

• LiAlSi glasses [28] and TiO2 [29]. In one of our previous studies [30] we investigated the growth dynamics of nanodots on various metal surfaces (Al, Ag, Cu, Cr, and Mo) under focused EB irradiation in an SEM vacuum chamber. Similar to the previously discussed study, an influence of the surface material

• ) magnetron sputtering. The samples were fixed to the SEM stub with colloidal Ag paint. The surface of the samples was irradiated with a focused EB with controlled parameters in point mode using a Tescan MAIA3 SEM (Figure 1a). Several samples were irradiated, each time one of the irradiation parameters was

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• “propolis bees”. Imaging and structural studies Bee mandibles were prepared and subsequently examined with binoculars, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a confocal 3D laser scanning microscope in order to identify anatomy and surface structure. Anatomy of the honeybee mandible Mandibles of all

• studied using a SEM (Hitachi S-4800, Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan) at 3 kV accelerating voltage. Images of the spoon-shaped mandible tip were taken systematically and later assembled into one high resolution image. Higher magnified pictures were taken in characteristic areas of the

• mandible surface. For one additional experiment, instead of air-drying, four washed mandibles were dried using a critical-point-drier (Leica EM CPD300) and subsequently studied in the SEM. Surface structures on bee mandibles Surface structures on mandibles were studied in the SEM as described above

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• morphologies of the wax on the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) leaf sides (leaf 2, 3, and 4, n = 3) as well as of recrystallized wax structures on glass (n = 3) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Gemini Supra 40 VP, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The middle part of fresh wheat leaves was cut

• into small pieces (approx. 0.3 × 0.5 cm) using a scalpel and attached to aluminium SEM sample holders (diameter 2.4 cm, Plano, Wetzlar, Germany) with conductive double-sided adhesive tape (Leit-Tabs, Plano, Wetzlar, Germany). The samples were coated with a thin gold layer (99.9% purity, approx. 8 nm

• ) using a sputter coater (Cressington 108 auto SE, Elektronen-Optik-Service GmbH, Dortmund, Germany; 60 s, 30 mA, 0.1 mbar). Glasses coated with wax were mounted and sputter-coated in the same way as the wheat leaf pieces. SEM analysis of all samples was carried out at a voltage of 10 kV using the

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• ratios (1/9, 3/7, 5/5, 7/3, 9/1). The samples were examined by XRD, DRS, BET, and SEM to reveal their crystallinity, light-absorption ability, specific surface area, and surface features, respectively. The photocatalytic Fenton reaction was conducted using various LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides to

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• pasted flat on a slide for observation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Model EVO-18, Carl Zeiss Microimaging Inc., Germany) was used to obtain morphological images of cross sections of the hind wings of three beetles at the same locations of different wing veins. Nanoindentation properties The

• same position obtained using SEM. The images show that the cross-sectional shapes are all nearly elliptical, while all were basically hollow, similar to blood vessels. This structure provides support for the beetles in spreading their hind wings or during flight [40]. Comparing the cross sections of

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• -/nanotechnology. The surface chemical composition of the liquid alloy was measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy before and after heating to 100 °C for 3 h. Furthermore, we imaged the nanoscopic asperities after measurements on the metallic liquid alloy by SEM to evidence possible liquid residues. For all

• measurements, each tip was investigated by SEM for possible material transfer from the liquid alloy sample. The values of the half-opening angle θ of the tips were taken from the manufacturer’s data. Table 1 summarizes the properties of the cantilevers used in this work. The force spectroscopy measurements

• that a factor of two to eight reduces the interfacial energy compared to the surface energy. Figure 7 shows SEM images of the tips after measurements on the Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid. Unlike the PtSi and Au tips, the SiOx tip in Figure 7 exhibits residues of the liquid alloy up to a height from the tip

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• hierarchical structure of the wax coverage on both leaf surfaces is described in D. antarctica for the first time. Keywords: cryo-SEM; microstructure; plant; surface; wax projection; Introduction The Antarctic hair grass Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. (Poaceae) is one of the only two flowering plants native

• . antarctica plant, which are usually exposed to the environment, using cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) allowing for a high-resolution imaging of frozen and fractured samples in native condition, that is, without treatment in strong solvents, such as ethanol or acetone, usually needed in the

• , Wetzlar, Germany). For cryo-SEM, we used either entire structures (glume and ligule) or small pieces (ca. 1 cm long for pedicle and ca. 1 cm2 for other samples) cut out with a razor blade from the plant. All surfaces were examined in the native state. Additionally, the leaf blade surfaces were studied

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• ., published by Elsevier, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Schematic illustrations and SEM images of Prussian blue single crystals encapsulating various kinds of networks: (a) TiO2 networks, (b) reduced

• macropore. THF is tetrahydrofuran. (b) SEM image of SOM-ZIF-8. (c) Representative SEM images of SOM-ZIF-8. Figure 5 is from [117]. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Schematic illustration of a superlattice assembled by DNA-functionalized UiO-66 nanoparticles

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• homogeneous suspension. The suspension was then dropped onto an Al foil to be observed via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and onto a carbon-supported copper grid for examination via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM

• ). Meanwhile, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) mapping images were obtained via HR-TEM. The instrument models used in FE-SEM, TEM, and HR-TEM were Hitachi SU-8010, Hitachi HT-7700, and JEM-2100F, and the working voltages were 5.0, 100, and 200 kV

• microstructures of cellulose-derived Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites. As exhibited in the FE-SEM images (the first two columns in Figure 3), all Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites are assembled by composite microtubes, which are composed of cross-linked nanotubes, revealing the hierarchical network structures replicated

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• phase of GO and RGO was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a X’pertpro MPD XRD (PAN analytical B.V., the Netherlands) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the modified electrode was conducted on a JEOLEVO® 18 special edition (model: ZEISS EVO-MA 10) at

• GO. The SEM micrograph of ERGO (Figure 3G) also shows graphene sheet exfoliated layers compared to GO (Figure 3F). The FESEM image also depicts the flaked nanostructure of RGO (Figure 3H). Electrochemical characterization of the modified electrode The electronic properties of graphene materials

• core-level spectrum of (A) C 1s, (B) O 1s for GO, (C) C 1s, and (D) O 1s for ERGO samples, respectively. (A) TEM images of as-synthesized GO, ERGO synthesized in different electrolytes: (B) PBS pH 4.5, (C) pH 7, and (D) pH 9.6. (E) HRTEM image of ERGO in PBS pH 4.5. (F) SEM micrographs of as

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• measurements were performed in pure O2 at a current density of 200 mA·g–1 with a cutoff capacity of 500 mAh·g−1. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 52: Additional TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, BET, SEM, and cathodic overpotential measurements. Funding This research was supported by the National

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• 10× (Olympus BX53M). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed with a FESEM (FEI Scios 2, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at a chamber pressure of 1 × 10−4 Pa with electron beam voltages set between 1 and 30 kV, depending on the film. Films that are shown in optical dark-field

• microscopy and SEM have been made from solutions that have been diluted with 500 µL of NMP. Results Optical observation Films deposited from solutions obtained from different centrifugation protocols are expected to have different thicknesses, due to the different size of the flakes in the solutions. A

• , anything that is not completely dark is counted as a scattering particle. Thus, we set the threshold at a brightness value of 3 (on a scale from 0 to 255). Such an analysis yields results that are consistent with intuitive observation (Table 1). The film structure was further investigated with SEM, shown

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen-containing groups (methoxy and furyl groups) of BBR and the –OH group of glycerol in water [38]. Morphology and size distribution of BBR NPs The SEM image (Figure 3a) shows that pure BBR forms tightly agglomerated rods with rectangular cross

• solution were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, NEXUS 670 from Nicolet). The FTIR analysis was conducted in transmission mode in the wavenumber range of 400 to 4000 cm−1. Size and shape of BBR NPs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4800, Hitachi) and

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• ± 0.2% (mean ± standard deviation) (ANOVA, p < 0.001), respectively. The base diameter enlargements indicated excessive lateral forces on the cavity walls compared to longitudinal force along the axis. Figure 4a shows the SEM images of the MN array resin master, and Figure 4b,c shows the Zeonor 1060R

• ), Zeonor 1060R yield stress (53 MPa), and lateral shear force component estimated during insertion. According to SEM images from samples (n = 3), the location of bending from the base (x) is at 244.4 ± 2.03 µm corresponding to a lateral shear load of 0.33 to 0.34 N. Buckling modeling was based on elastic

• capable of insertion with different impact speeds was used to apply MN arrays dynamically onto the porcine skin subjects. SEM images of length, tip size, and diameter of the a) BD Ultra-Fine™ 4 mm Pen Needle and b) thermoplastic Zeonor 1060R replicas. SEM of the 9 × 9 MN array, a) master MN array

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• , which is different from that observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Samples calcinated at 300–600 °C have a similar crystal size (ranging from 39–43 nm), suggesting that there is no obvious correlation between the crystal size and the photocatalytic

• little due to the finite content of sodium in the brookite phase. The X-ray diffraction experiment suggests the existence of sodium in the samples. Next, we verified in which structure sodium is present. Figure 4a shows four typical morphologies of products observed via SEM. Samples calcinated at 300–500

• phase. (a) Four typical SEM morphologies of samples calcinated at 400 and 900 °C: platy like brookite grains, fine anatase grains, block rutile grains, and Na2Ti6O13 rods. (b) The EDX spectrum acquired from four typical morphologies, and (c1–c4) electron diffraction patterns acquired from these four

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• JJ in comparison with the energy of photons (see Figure 2b) depends on the accuracy of determining the critical current. An area of 60 μm2 and a critical current Ic ≈ 8.6 μA have been measured for the Al JJ, see the SEM image of the sample in Figure 1b. Due to rather low-noise measuring environment

• stages. (b) SEM image of the SIS junction. The top electrode is highlighted in magenta color, the bottom electrode (blue color) has the same shape as the top one in the area of the tunnel barrier. (c) Time diagram of the channels: current through the JJ, initial pulse modulation of the microwave signal

• curves are obtained with the formula in Equation 2. Acknowledgements The samples were fabricated in the Chalmers Nanotechnology Center. The measurements were performed using the facilities of the Laboratory of Superconducting Nanoelectronics of NNSTU. The SEM image of the sample was obtained using the

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• < solution 5.0. Morphology and structure of MoS2 thin films Morphology and thickness of MoS2 films prepared on the FTO substrate were analyzed by FE-SEM. The MoS2 films formed from solutions 1.25 and 2.5 exhibited thin-layered structures, which exposed edge sites (Figure 3a–c). The same structure had been

• was estimated from cross-sectional FE-SEM images. The formation of MoS2 from solutions 2.5 and 5.0 yielded thicknesses of about 50 nm and 500 nm, respectively (Figure 3d,f). The phase structure of the electrodeposited MoS2 thin films was identified by XRD and Raman analyses. The XRD pattern and the

• performed on a LabRAM HR 800 Raman Spectrometer (HORIBA Jobin Yvon) with an excitation laser source at 532 nm. The morphology of MoS2 thin films was analyzed by an ultrahigh-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi SU-8010, Japan). The electrochemical catalytic activity of the

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• morphological characteristics of the preparations were evaluated by SEM (Figure 3 and Figure 4), which confirmed the uniform and regular morphology of the needles. Micrographs of the formulations revealed polymeric fragments with well-defined, homogeneous structures, showing that the preparation used to obtain

• structure of microneedles containing glycolic extract of propolis (G1 to G9); magnification 40×. Arrows represent locations where bubbles are present. Micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing the surface morphology microneedles containing ethanolic extract of propolis (E1 to E9

• ); magnification 150×. Micrograph obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing the surface morphology of microneedles containing glycolic extract of propolis (G1 to G9); magnification 150×. Response surface plots for height and base measurements of MNs containing EE or GE. The color scale is indicated in

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• characterized in vitro. Optimization of ETHs composed of 2–4% (w/v) of soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and 15–45% (v/v) of ethanol was performed based on characterization parameters (Table 1). The F3 formulation was chosen as the optimum one. A sample of F3 was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM

• of 1:1 (v/v). Characterization of formulations In the characterization studies, PS, ZP, and PDI of the developed ETHs were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS-Malvern. The ETHs were visualized using SEM. The content of EGCG entrapped in ETHs (EE%) was estimated after removal of the uncaptured drug

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• structural changes is still lacking. In this work, we investigated the structural changes occurring upon irradiation of SAMs of p-terphenylthiol (TPT) on Au(111) using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) at room temperature. To study

• by the rastering electron beam of an SEM, where the kinetic energy of the electrons was set to 1 keV. The SEM used is a modified type of a UHV Zeiss Standard Gemini with a Schottky-type thermal field emission source (ZrO/W). The pressure in the SEM column was ≈10−8 mbar. Prior to each experiment, the

• . The irradiated area was typically around 30 × 40 µm2. The time per cycle was 2.5 s. Imaging of SAMs by STM The STM experiments were performed on a commercial Omicron Multiscan system combining both a temperature-variable STM (Multiscan STM VT) and an SEM. The STM tip is aligned at ≈45° with respect to

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• of these glassy carbon tubules shows long-range order with a d-spacing of 4.89 Å, which is indicative of glassy carbon. Raman spectroscopy shows the material to be graphitic in nature, and SEM shows the fullerene-like structure of the material. This work provides new insights into the structure of

• pyrolysis of methane on a curved alumina surface. The surface provides the catalyst as well as the “strain” required to direct nucleation and growth. Figure 1a is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) overview image showing a number of glassy carbon microneedles, which grow in the direction of the gas flow

• . Figure 1b is a SEM detail image showing glassy carbon microneedles, nucleating microneedles, and “blisters”, which correspond to the early stages of the microneedle growth. Figure 1 shows that the microneedles grown under the given pyrolysis conditions are uniformly ca. 25 µm in diameter. The fullerene