Magnetic reversal dynamics of a quantum system on a picosecond timescale

• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Alexey V. Kuznetsov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy and
• Olga V. Tikhonova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1946–1956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.199

• the stationary states and , respectively, and the time-dependent probability amplitudes of the eigenstates a(t) and b(t) obey the condition |a(t)|2 + |b(t)|2 = 1. We suppose (see Figure 1) that at t = tin an external magnetic field, H(t), directed along the OX axis, starts to act on the system and

• the spin-quantization axis coincides with the OZ direction and the initial condition is chosen in the form a(t = tin) = a0, b(t = tin) = b0. The general equations for the probability amplitudes can be written in the form [37]: with and . The system dynamics is strongly determined by the type of

• the quantum system at a certain time. However, we are interested in obtaining simple estimates of the duration of a basic operation: the magnetization reversal process transferring the system from the lower to the upper state (from a0 ≡ a(t = tin) = 1 to a(trev) = 0). For the Gaussian envelope, , with

Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid

• Ziren Yan,
• Ying Wu and
• Junwei Di

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.140

• their new properties and wide applications. Here, we report on the use of galvanic replacement reactions to synthesize substrate-supported Ag–Au nanocages from silver templates electrodeposited on transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) film coated glass. The residual Ag in the composition was dealloyed with

• , the Au NCs on indium tin oxide (ITO) film coated glass surface were mobilized to form chains in the treatment process with nitric acid. The discovery is used to prepare Au NC chains and advance the understanding of substrate-based dealloying reactions with nitric acid. Results and Discussion Synthesis

Experimental determination of the light-trapping-induced absorption enhancement factor in DSSC photoanodes

• Serena Gagliardi and
• Mauro Falconieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 886–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.91

• . Experimental Preparation of photoanodes and cell assembly A standard procedure was used as described in many literature papers [15] using fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glasses, (Pilkinton TEC8®, 2 mm thick, cut in 2 × 2 cm2 square) as substrates. The photoactive layer was prepared by screen printing Solaronix

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• within TiO2, rather than the TiN crystalline phase [32]. As the calcination temperature increases the intensity of the N–Ti–O linkage increases at the expense of the NH3 peak and the Ti–O–N linkage (Figure 7A and Figure 7B). Here it should be stressed that the N–Ti–O linkage is characteristic for

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• transparency [3], catalytic activity [4][5], and chemical sensing [6][7][8]. It is also one of the most promising candidates for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO) in transparent conductive oxide (TCO) applications [9][10]. Hence, ZnO films are a key research area in industry as well as in academia with

Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device

• Shawn Sanctis,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann,
• Sabine Eiben and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81

• the FET devices (15 × 15 mm2) consisted of n-doped silicon with a 90 nm layer of SiO2, on which gold electrodes were attached with an intermediate adhesion layer of indium tin oxide. The electrodes possessed an inter-digital structure with a channel width W of 10 mm and a channel length of 20 µm. 13C

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• , a variety of bismuth–tin nanostructures covered by CNTs have been produced via in situ filling. It was demonstrated that the MSnO2/MBi2O3 ratio was instrumental in the formation of the encased nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanowires) [116]. Recent developments Although several drug

Electrical response of liquid crystal cells doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.39

• of free charges, dipolar displacement and MWCNT conductivity. Cr represents the device capacitance associated to the dielectric response. The resulting impedance Z(ω) of the EEC can be expressed as follows: where ω = 2πf. By using low resistance indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes (100 Ω/□, ohms per

Tunable light filtering by a Bragg mirror/heavily doped semiconducting nanocrystal composite

• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 193–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.18

• near infrared (vis–NIR) spectral region when employing varying carrier densities. As the tunable component, we implemented a dispersion of copper selenide (Cu2−xSe) NCs and a film of indium tin oxide (ITO) NCs, which are known to show optical tunablility with chemical or electrochemical treatments. We

Intake of silica nanoparticles by giant lipid vesicles: influence of particle size and thermodynamic membrane state

• Florian G. Strobl,
• Florian Seitz,
• Christoph Westerhausen,
• Armin Reller,
• Adriano A. Torrano,
• Christoph Bräuchle,
• Achim Wixforth and
• Matthias F. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2468–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.256

• Angelova et al. [55]. In short, lipids in the desired ratio and 0.05 mol % of the fluorescent marker DiOC14 were mixed in chloroform and spread onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides. The solvent is thoroughly removed through vacuum evaporation. For the swelling procedure, a chamber was assembled

Characterization of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers and their use in metal–insulator–metal tunnel devices

• Saumya Sharma,
• Mohamad Khawaja,
• Manoj K. Ram,
• D. Yogi Goswami and
• Elias Stefanakos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2240–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.233

• , indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, quartz and nickel substrates for optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrical measurements [12][13][14][15]. The optical and electrochemical properties of the films were investigated using FTIR and cyclic voltammetric studies, respectively. The electrochemical

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• light emitting thin film composed of chlorophyll a (Chl a) mixed with the SCO complex [Fe(dpp)2](BF)4 (dpp = 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) spin-coated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate (anode) and then covered by a 30 nm thick Al cathode (see Figure 6a) [28]. With this configuration, the

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• factor essential for good stabilisation of the nanoparticles was an appropriate acidity level of the solution. Under optimal conditions, nanoparticles having an average diameter of about 10 nm are reproducibly formed. Keywords: nanoparticles; polyethylenimine; polyvinylpyrrolidone; surfactant; tin

• dioxide; Introduction Tin dioxide is an n-type semiconductor with a band gap width of 3.6 eV. It is characterised by good photocatalytic properties and in its presence, decomposition of an organic dye in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum may takes place [1]. Moreover, SnO2 is widely used

• for the production of transparent conductive layers or in the production of electrodes in lithium cells [2]. However, a SnO2 anode in a Li-ion cell has poor cycling stability [3]. A potential solution to this problem may be the use of nanoparticles. Tin dioxide nanoparticles of 3 nm diameter have a

Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties

• Tommy Lorenz,
• Jan-Ole Joswig and
• Gotthard Seifert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226

• can be seen as an extension of Ohno’s work [12][35], which was limited to the valence bands and has been discussed above. They showed that tin and lead are divalent in compounds of the structure (MX)1+yTMX2 due to the fact that the core-level binding energies of these elements do not differ in either

• conduction band of the NbSe2 layer. Adapted with permission from [36]. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. SnS–SnS2 misfit compounds forming nanoscrolls and nanotubes. Yellow spheres represent sulfur atoms and blue spheres tin atoms. Superposition of the hexagonal carbon lattice and the six-membered

UHV deposition and characterization of a mononuclear iron(III) β-diketonate complex on Au(111)

• Irene Cimatti,
• Silviya Ninova,
• Valeria Lanzilotto,
• Luigi Malavolti,
• Luca Rigamonti,
• Brunetto Cortigiani,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Elena Magnano,
• Federica Bondino,
• Federico Totti,
• Andrea Cornia and
• Roberta Sessoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2139–2148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.223

• –substrate interaction. Using TiO2(110) [17], Ag [23], TiN [24][25], and Ta [26] as substrates, the molecule dissociatively chemisorbs giving rise to “activated” species (CuIhfac and hfac−) which favour the subsequent reduction to Cu0 by chemical processing [23][25] or thermal treatment [17][26]. On the

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• templates for the growth of conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles [67]. C2. Biopolymers as “scaffolds”: As mentioned above, gelling biopolymers are very common templates in inorganic syntheses [3][68]. Since the precipitation/crystallization of the inorganic nanoparticles takes place within the

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• theory with the temperature gradients both lateral and normal to the film surface taken into account [8][9][10]. The gold nanoparticles produced from thin Au films on Si and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using a 532 nm laser operated in a single-pulse regime were studied in detail by Ruffino et al

• structures showing the SPR effect, Au NPs play important role in the construction of electrochemical sensors [55]. This is confirmed by numerous results obtained with the use of Au-modified, conducting oxide materials, such as indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide and others. In particular, the ITO substrate

Photodetectors based on carbon nanotubes deposited by using a spray technique on semi-insulating gallium arsenide

• Domenico Melisi,
• Maria Angela Nitti,
• Marco Valentini,
• Antonio Valentini,
• Teresa Ligonzo,
• Giuseppe De Pascali and
• Marianna Ambrico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1999–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.208

• gallium arsenide. After the spray process, in the SFS device configuration, an interdigitated 50 nm thick indium tin oxide (ITO) film was deposited from an ITO target on CNTs by means of IBS. An ITO/GaAs/Ti/Au device was also prepared as control sample. Transmission electron microscopy (FEI Tecnai G2

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• tested it to record the extracellular activity of ganglion cells in rabbit retinas as a potentially important step for retinal prostheses. Shein et al. [113] cultured neurons on specifically designed microelectrode arrays in which CNTs had been deposited by CVD on TiN leads, and reported a direct

• electrical interfacing between neurons and microelectrodes made of CNTs. Deposition of CNTs onto TiN microelectrode arrays was proposed by means of a micro-contact printing technique by Fuchsberger and colleagues [114], and showed superior recording properties compared to commercial TiN microelectrodes. The

• with TiN or Au electrodes, but also compared to pure PEDOT electrodes. The interpretation of this phenomenon can most likely be found in the conductivity of the meshwork of CNTs, which enhances the electrical conductivity of the whole composite. Furthermore, PEDOT–CNTs-electrodes demonstrated excellent

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• about the electronic communication between the chromophore moiety and rGO, which lead to the fabrication of photoelectrochemical cells. The photo-induced electron-transfer properties of ZnP–rGO and RuP–rGO were evaluated by examining the photocurrent responses in thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO). In

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• (3,4-ethylenedioxioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) complex (PEDOT:PSS) [11][12]. Recently, nanocrystals of one of the well-known quarternary chalcopyrite copper-zinc-tin-selenide (CZTSe) has been receiving considerable attention as a promising candidate for low-cost active absorber layers as it

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• bilayers, which are only 4 nm thick [46]. For the preparation of GUVs several methods exist, amongst which are electroformation on platinum wires or indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes as well as spontaneous swelling. The specifics of GUVs, their detailed preparation methods and wide ranging applications are

Characterization and photocatalytic study of tantalum oxide nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of tantalum oxo-ethoxide Ta₈(μ₃-O)₂(μ-O)₈(μ-OEt)₆(OEt)₁₄

• Subia Ambreen,
• N D Pandey,
• Peter Mayer and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.121

• [11], tin(IV) [12], and uranium(V) [12]. Condensation can also occur even before hydrolysis via ether elimination between alkoxy groups leading to the formation of oxo bridges. The smaller size of μ-oxo ligands coupled with the tendency of metal centers for coordination expansion, favors the

Optical modeling-assisted characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells using TiO₂ nanotube arrays as photoanodes

• Jung-Ho Yun,
• Il Ku Kim,
• Yun Hau Ng,
• Lianzhou Wang and
• Rose Amal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.102

• . A sandwich-type DSSC was assembled using the dye-sensitized TNT array onto the Ti foil (20 × 20 mm2) as a photoelectrode and platinum-deposited fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass (20 × 15 mm2, Asahi, Rs ≤ 8 Ω·sq−1) as a counter electrode separated by a sealant (Surlyn 60 µm thickness, Solaronix

Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of carbon nitride and sulfur-doped carbon nitride heterojunction nanosheets: An efficient heterojunction photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical applications

• Hua Bing Tao,
• Hong Bin Yang,
• Jiazang Chen,
• Jianwei Miao and
• Bin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 770–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.89

• purging nitrogen for 30 min. The working electrode was prepared as the following: briefly, 10 mg of as-prepared sample was suspended in 1 mL of isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Then, 50 μL of the colloidal suspension (10 mg/mL) was dropcasted onto precleaned fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate with a fixed