Intake of silica nanoparticles by giant lipid vesicles: influence of particle size and thermodynamic membrane state

• Florian G. Strobl,
• Florian Seitz,
• Christoph Westerhausen,
• Armin Reller,
• Adriano A. Torrano,
• Christoph Bräuchle,
• Achim Wixforth and
• Matthias F. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2468–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.256

• Biotium Inc. (Hayward, CA, USA), Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, sucrose and D-(+)-glucose monohydrate from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). For aqueous solutions ultrapure water (pure Aqua, Germany) with a specific resistance ≥18 MΩ was used. GUVs were prepared by electroformation as described for the first time by

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• -nitrobenzoic acid). The standard conditions for the determination of thiol groups, e.g., in molecules or proteins involve aqueous solutions and pH control [28]. This was, however, not applicable to the dispersions of silica NP because of increased agglomeration. We therefore performed the reaction in dry

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• PVP chain is more ordered than PEI due to the presence of these rings in the chain. In acidic aqueous solutions, charge transfer between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of PVP occurs [29]. For this reason, in an acidic medium (pH 1.70, which is a mixture comprising tin(IV) chloride and PVP), a PVP

• PEI and PVP, aqueous solutions of concentrations 43 g/L and 111 g/L, respectively, were prepared, which corresponded to solutions of 1 mol/L concentration as calculated by the molar mass of the -mer per litre. During the synthesis, an aqueous solution containing tin ions, the polymer and the non-ionic

Nanomanipulation and environmental nanotechnology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Carlos M. Pina and
• Udo Becker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2079–2080, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.216

• based on polyethylene oxide. The surface reactivity of minerals in contact with aqueous solutions can be investigated by laser confocal microscopy, as shown on the example of dissolution of the mineral biotite in solutions with acid and basic pH. Recent nanofiltration techniques are reviewed with

Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy

• Anne Jantschke,
• Katrin Spinde and
• Eike Brunner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2026–2035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.211

• studied in order to visualize the possible influence of hydrophobic interactions. For 29Si NMR spectroscopy aqueous solutions of isotope-labelled sodium [29Si] metasilicate as precursor compound were used. Different silica precursors, such as toxic TMOS (tetramethyl orthosilicate) or TEOS (tetraethyl

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• phosphate ions with the ZnO surface is possible. This may account for the almost exclusive formation of crystalline zinc phosphate. The difference to the observed phases by others remains, however, unexplained. Conclusion Most nanoparticles are dynamical systems in aqueous solutions since equilibria between

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• shape is systematically obtained when the reaction medium is BuOH or the 1:1 mixture EtOH/H2O whereas the half-spherical or spherical shape is obtained in aqueous solutions. PBA particles are less soluble in BuOH and in the EtOH/H2O mixture than in H2O and therefore the dissolution–recrystallization

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• (aqueous solutions of alkali silicates, e.g., Na2SiO3, Na4SiO4). Typically, this neutralization is performed by using ion exchange resins where particle sizes of around 5 to 500 nm in diameter can be realized [55][56][57]. 2. Pyrogenic silica (also referred to as “fumed silica”) is produced on the

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• , toluene and isooctane. Supramolecular complexes can be formed between CNTs and a biopolymer such as DNA, in order to disperse CNTs in aqueous solutions (see next section). Recently two decanoyl-functionalized guanosines (LipoGs, see Table 1) have been used [58] for the disaggregation of SWCNTs in

• to pH variations. At pH values higher than 9 the aqueous dispersions of PLL/SWCNTs complexes lose their stability due to the different affinity of PLL towards the nanotubes in their neutral or charged state. Indeed, in aqueous solutions at pH < 9 PLL interacts with the nanotubes either via

• conferring to the polymer a different dispersing power [93]. Another example of reversible dispersion/precipitation of CNTs is the folic acid (FA)/SWCNT system. The insolubility of folic acid in acidic aqueous solutions prevents it acting as a CNT dispersant. Nevertheless, once CNTs have been FA-coated, the

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• conventional processes in aqueous solutions, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 1) show that these precipitates are HAP and ClAP. Likely the reason for ClAP formation is the fact that the IL [Bmim][Cl] contains a high amount of chloride. The formation of Ca-deficient HAP or ClAP is further confirmed by EDXS

• the chemical composition of these materials is different from the original biomaterial [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Unfortunately, the synthesis of carbohydrate-based hybrid materials is not straightforward. This is due to the fact that many carbohydrates exhibit low solubilities in aqueous media. Aqueous

• solutions, however, are the most commonly used media for calcium phosphate mineralization [12][13]. As a result, mineralization of carbohydrates often yields heterogeneous materials with properties that are not suited for an application. In spite of this, a number of authors have reported the successful

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• been known that during measurements of the electrokinetic potentials in aqueous solutions the temperature dependence of conductivity, dielectric constant and viscosity are negligible up to a temperature of 343 K [106]. Based on these simplified assumptions, at room temperature (T = 293 K) a zeta

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• energy density (Table 1) and solubility in water. Aqueous solutions of sugars (glucose, sucrose, and lactose) were used in implantable bio micro fuel cells [32] but their energy density is too small to be used in large scale applications. Aqueous solutions of some inorganic compounds containing

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• the sample was calcined in air at 550 °C for 6 h to eliminate the organic template. A typical Mg–Al hydrotalcite was synthesized according to the procedure reported in a previous work [21]. Two aqueous solutions, one containing Mg(NO3)2·6H2O and Al(NO3)3·7H2O (both from Aldrich, 98%), and the other

Surface processes during purification of InP quantum dots

• Natalia Mordvinova,
• Pavel Emelin,
• Alexander Vinokurov,
• Sergey Dorofeev,
• Artem Abakumov and
• Tatiana Kuznetsova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1220–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.135

• of a “bad” one [8]. Another simple and effective method widely used in biological and biochemical research, protein chemistry and pharmacology is electrophoresis [9]. Electrophoretic techniques can separate charged objects in a uniform electric field, but this technique is usually applied to aqueous

• solutions of QDs [10]. In this paper we compare two methods of InP QDs purification: traditional precipitation and a new electrophoretic technique in an organic solvent and describe the surface processes that occur during purification. Experimental Materials and equipment For synthesis we used high-purity

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• charged due to the pressure of hydroxy ions in aqueous solutions [63]. The electric field provided by the applied voltage will affect the charged nanobubbles. Thus, the effect of the applied voltage on nanobubbles at the interface of solid and liquid should be studied experimentally. Currently, most of

Double layer effects in a model of proton discharge on charged electrodes

• Johannes Wiebe and
• Eckhard Spohr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 973–982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.111

• layer effects on proton discharge reactions from aqueous solutions to charged platinum electrodes. We have extended a recently developed combined proton transfer/proton discharge model on the basis of empirical valence bond theory to include specifically adsorbed sodium cations and chloride anions. For

• compared reactive trajectory calculations of proton discharge from aqueous solutions to charged platinum electrodes for pure water, for adsorbate layers with single Na+ and Cl− ions, and for an adsorbate layer with two Cl− ions. All ions have their full positive or negative elementary charge, so that no

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• ND-DGEA+DOX system decreased below 30 mV, both the conjugates and systems were stable at dilute concentrations in aqueous solutions for several days. ND-DGEA selective targeting The ability of DGEA to specifically interact with metastatic prostate cancer cells was observed using PC3 and hMSC cells

Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications

• Li-wei Liu,
• Si-yi Hu,
• Ying Pan,
• Jia-qi Zhang,
• Yue-shu Feng and
• Xi-he Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105

• aqueous solutions. It is critical to disperse QDs in water before their application by surface modification with biofunctional molecules for the purpose of bioimaging. However, for many biological applications, it is necessary to transfer the QDs into water through a capping ligand exchange [16][17][18

Volcano plots in hydrogen electrocatalysis – uses and abuses

• Paola Quaino,
• Fernanda Juarez,
• Elizabeth Santos and
• Wolfgang Schmickler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 846–854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.96

• denotes the exchange current density, and EMH the energy of hydride formation. Data taken from [5]. ’Volcano’ plots for hydrogen evolution in acid and alkaline aqueous solutions. Note that ascending and descending branch are reversed with respect to Figure 1. Square of the coupling constants between the

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• benzene and methanol under visible light at room temperature [128]. The photocatalytic activities of ZnO/carbon nanodots are also reported to degrade aqueous solutions of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation [129]. Similarly, other carbon nanodots based wide-bandgap transition metal oxides, such as

Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• solution (0.5 mL, 0.25 M) and kept for 1 h under stirring. The resultant suspension was aged for 24 h. Sample S-P: AgNO3 (1000 mL, 0.5 M) and K2CrO4 (1000 mL, 0.25 M) aqueous solutions were mixed together under vigorous stirring. The resultant suspension was then aged for 24 h. Sample S-H: The sample

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and KOH involves the following reactions [37]: The concentration of KOH is an important factor in deciding the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures that are formed. The addition of aqueous KOH into Zn salt solution leads to formation of white precipitates of Zn(OH)2

• on the effects of trisodium citrate on the shape evolution of ZnO nanostructures will be reported elsewhere. Photocatalytic studies Figure 7 shows the UV–visible absorption spectra of 10 μM MB aqueous solutions with different photocatalysts AZ210, AZ310, AZ410 and AZ510 following the irradiation with

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• enhanced visible light absorption has been exploited for driving the photocatalytic degradation of RhB in aqueous solutions (vide infra). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the cerium oxide sample supported the mesoporous nature and nanosphere morphology of the material (Figure 3a). The

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• , China). All reagents were analytical grade and used without further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared with Milli-Q purified water (>18.0 MΩ·cm). The acetate buffer system (containing 0.2 M HAC-NaAC) was selected as buffer solution. Apparatus A Hitachi S-4800 field-emission scanning

Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts

• Michaela Nebel,
• Thomas Erichsen and
• Wolfgang Schuhmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 141–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.14

• ], future work aims towards the high-resolution detection of catalytic activity at elevated temperatures. Experimental Chemicals and materials All chemicals were used as received without further purification and all aqueous solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (Siemens Water Technologies