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Search for "characterization" in Full Text gives 1343 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

  • Adrien Chauvin,
  • Walter Puglisi,
  • Damien Thiry,
  • Cristina Satriano,
  • Rony Snyders and
  • Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoporous structure is reported. Following the characterization of the surface, the structure and surface composition were correlated with SERS properties. Following the optimization of the thin film structuration, a limit of detection of 10−10 mol·L−1 is demonstrated. The high sensibility and the
  • 20 min to stop the dealloying process and to ensure a good cleaning of the samples. Characterization Scanning electron microscopy micrographs were recorded using a HITACHI STEM-FEG with an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. The images were treated with the ImageJ software [58] to assess the size of the
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Published 11 Jan 2023

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

  • Samuel M. Sousa,
  • Helane L. O. Morais,
  • Joyce C. C. Santos,
  • Ana Paula M. Barboza,
  • Bernardo R. A. Neves,
  • Elisângela S. Pinto and
  • Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

Graphical Abstract
  • exfoliation medium on size and shape less evident. Therefore, a single centrifugation step of one hour only at 1000g was employed. Such low acceleration will not produce a monolayer-rich solution [26], which is crucial for the analysis we aim to perform. Atomic force microscopy characterization of flake size
  • is the least symmetrical sample regarding the shape parameters, but it is fairly trimmed and the most symmetrical in flake size distribution. Conclusion A thorough characterization of flake size and shape was performed for samples of liquid-phase exfoliated talc in four different media. LPE is a
  • counting [24] was performed using Gwyddion [30] and ImageJ software, respectively. The standard particle analysis toolbox available in ImageJ was employed to obtain the flake dimensions. Talc characterization and exfoliation procedure. (a) XRD data for the sample employed here. The insert shows formula and
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Published 09 Jan 2023

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

  • Bin Liu,
  • Etienne Duguet and
  • Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

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  • . Characterization methods Transmission electron microscopy experiments were performed using a Hitachi H600 microscope operating at an acceleration voltage of 75 kV. The samples were prepared by depositing one drop of the colloidal dispersion on conventional carbon-coated copper grids. The liquid evaporated in the
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Published 06 Jan 2023

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

  • Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
  • Antonio Leo,
  • Federico Chianese,
  • Loredana Parlato,
  • Giovanni Piero Pepe,
  • Angela Nigro,
  • Carla Cirillo and
  • Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. NbReN films also present a polycrystalline nature with a moderate texture. In this case, it was possible to interpret the results of the structural characterization only by assuming for NbReN the same unit cell as that of NbRe [4]. However, detailed knowledge of its structural and microscopic properties
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Published 05 Jan 2023

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

  • Chang-Ming Wang,
  • Hong-Sheng Chan,
  • Chia-Li Liao,
  • Che-Wei Chang and
  • Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

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  • (10 μg/mL in PBS buffer) incubation for 20 min to complete the biorecognition process. Finally, the substrate was gently rinsed by deionized water, immersed in PBS buffer solution, and stored at 4 °C in the dark before further characterization. Fluorescence and bright filed microscopic images were
  • structure characterization To transfer chemical patterns created by CLL to the underneath metal layer, a wet chemical etching process was adopted. After lifting the PDMS stamp from a SAM-modified Au substrate, the Au surface was immersed in an aqueous mixture containing 40 mM iron nitrate and 60 mM thiourea
  • surface patterns created by gap-directed CLL through biorecognition. (A) Schematic illustration of the biorecognition process including post lift-off region biotinylated thiol backfilling, streptavidin binding, and antibody recognition. (B) XPS characterization of the surface for (left) pure MCU SAM
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Published 04 Jan 2023

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

  • Mykhailo Nahorniak,
  • Pamela Pasetto,
  • Jean-Marc Greneche,
  • Volodymyr Samaryk,
  • Sandy Auguste,
  • Anthony Rousseau,
  • Nataliya Nosova and
  • Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

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  • , thereby proving their partial oxidation [39][40]. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) and TGA techniques were used for surface characterization in terms of the presence of higher fatty acids, which play an essential role in the stability and future
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Published 03 Jan 2023

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

  • Abdelbaki Hacini,
  • Ahmad Hadi Ali,
  • Nurul Nadia Adnan and
  • Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

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  • . Experimental IM bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon(111) substrates for structural, morphological, and electrical characterization. In addition, the bilayer thin films were deposited on glass substrates for optical characterization. This process was performed using RF magnetron sputtering
  • pieces and cleaned to suit the characterization equipment. The Si substrates were ultrasonically cleaned using acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and distilled water. The glass substrates were cleaned using Decon-90 cleaner. The glass and Si samples were dried with nitrogen gas and treated for 10 min in a
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Published 28 Dec 2022

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

  • Polina M. Kalachikova,
  • Anastasia E. Goldt,
  • Eldar M. Khabushev,
  • Timofei V. Eremin,
  • Timofei S. Zatsepin,
  • Elena D. Obraztsova,
  • Konstantin V. Larionov,
  • Liubov Yu. Antipina,
  • Pavel B. Sorokin and
  • Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

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  • as the first fraction. Optical characterization UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy measurements were performed using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 1050 spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 400–1300 nm to avoid the immense absorption of water in the NIR and minimize the interference of riboflavin absorption with
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Published 22 Dec 2022

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

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  • to electrochemical reactions or other reasons. These findings provide the foundation for future work on the analysis of KPFM data derived from electrochemical devices, enabling the thorough characterization of redox reactions occurring at electrode–electrolyte interfaces. Experimental KPFM
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Published 19 Dec 2022

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO2 nanotubes modified with MoS2 and g-C3N4

  • Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
  • Thi Minh Cao,
  • Tho Truong Nguyen,
  • Hien Duy Tong and
  • Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

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  • explain clearly the difference between these composite materials Experimental Materials and chemicals Chemicals and materials for the synthesis and characterization include Ti foil (1 cm × 2 cm), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), DI water, acetone ((CH3)2CO), ethanol (C2H5OH), ammonium
  • solution. Next, 0.2 mL of either of these solutions was used to coat the surface of TNAs via spin coating. The samples were denoted as MoS2/TNAs and g-C3N4/TNAs. Then, the samples were annealed in nitrogen gas at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain a stable electrode for the investigation processes. Characterization
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Published 16 Dec 2022

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

  • Joanna Kisała,
  • Anna Tomaszewska and
  • Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

Graphical Abstract
  • purification. Characterization of the photocatalysts The PZC of catalysts was measured according to Kocharova and co-workers [41]. For the determination of pHPZC, eleven vials were filled with 0.1 mol·L−1 NaCl solution. The pH of each vial was adjusted with NaOH and HCl solutions to pH 2–12. Next, 10 mg of
  • with a Cu Kα powder diffractometer (D8 Advance, Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) operating at 40 kV and 36 mA (λ = 0.154056 nm). The optical characterization of the catalysts was performed by using a spectrophotometer (Cary Series UV-Vis-NIR, Agilent Technologies) in the wavelength range of 190–800 nm
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Published 15 Dec 2022

A TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

  • Anh Quynh Huu Le,
  • Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
  • Hai Duy Tran,
  • Van-Huy Nguyen and
  • Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

Graphical Abstract
  • surface with a size of 1.5 × 2.0 cm2 is irradiated. A schematic of the experimental apparatus is described in Figure 1. Results and Discussion Characterization of the TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposite catalyst FE-SEM images of the morphology of the MWCNTs, TiO2 powder, and the TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposite are shown
  • MWCNTs and TiO2@MWCNTs, which could result from the catalyzed synthesis of MWCNTs [14]. Raman spectroscopy is applied for phase characterization of MWCNTs and TiO2@MWCNTS, as shown in Figure 5. The peaks at 178, 424, and 609 cm−1 are characteristic of the TiO2 phase in the TiO2@MWCNTs catalyst [21]. In
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Published 14 Dec 2022

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

  • Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
  • Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
  • Omar Viñas-Bravo,
  • Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
  • Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
  • Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
  • David Paniagua-Vega,
  • Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
  • Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

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  • comparison to monocytes. Keywords: cancer cells; cytotoxic behavior; green synthesis; pineapple extract; silver chloride nanoparticles; silver nanoparticles; structural characterization; Introduction The study of metallic nanoparticle synthesis by green methods is gaining importance, especially in cases
  • . Therefore, as mentioned before, the temperature affects the generation of AgNPs. However, for this particular case, the temperature also contributes to the formation of AgCl nanoparticles. Spectroscopic characterization It is known that the interaction of light with free electrons in an Ag nanoparticle can
  • absorption bands of the reaction products are also a consequence of the capacity of the extract metabolites to act as capping agents for the formation of nanoparticles. Morphological characterization Although the data obtained by XRD and FTIR do not show significant differences in the formation of
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Published 13 Dec 2022

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

  • Santiago D. Solares and
  • Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

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  • Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 10.3762/bjnano.13.122 Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM), developed in the early 1980s, has become a powerful characterization tool in micro- and nanoscale science. In the early 1990s, its relevance within biology and medicine research
  • chemical characterization of surfaces ranging from semiconductors and metals to polymers and biological materials [1][2][3][4][5]. In particular, a variety of mechanical property measurement methods have been developed, although most of them are restricted to relatively simple physical descriptions, such
  • -established and widely used technique for fundamental micro- and nanoscale research, especially concerning topographical characterization and general force measurements [1][2][3][4][5]. However, advanced mechanical property analysis is not yet widely used for broad-impact applications. In fact, while some
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Published 09 Dec 2022

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO2 obtained by combustion synthesis

  • Monika Michalska,
  • Paweł Ławniczak,
  • Tomasz Strachowski,
  • Adam Ostrowski and
  • Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

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  • °C for 5 h in air. The heating rate was 5 °C/min. The synthesis flowchart is presented in Figure 1. Characterization of LiCoO2 powders XRD analysis XRD analysis was performed on a Rigaku Smartlab 3 kW diffractometer equipped with a vertical goniometer. The diffractometer had a Bragg–Brentano θ/2θ
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Published 07 Dec 2022

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

  • Mikhail A. Galin,
  • Vladimir M. Krasnov,
  • Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
  • Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
  • Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

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  • self-aligning process using e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching [16][17]. Similar arrays were studied earlier in [9][12][13], where additional information about sample characterization can be found. Figure 1a,b shows the layout of “sample-1”. It has been fabricated on a 1 × 1 cm2 silicon
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Published 06 Dec 2022

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

  • Yuran Wang,
  • Xudong Li,
  • Haijun Chen and
  • Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

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  • etherate (BF3·OEt2) and 2,4-dimethylpyrrole were freshly purified by distillation under reduced pressure. Synthesis and characterization of BDP All chemical reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectra were
  • ), 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 4H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.79 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 6H), 1.43 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 6H); HRESIMS m/z: [M + H]+ calcd, 843.0558; found, 843.0515. Preparation and characterization of AB-LNPs LNPs containing DTPA with negative
  • aqueous suspension. The mixture was vortexed for 30 s and further sonicated for 10 min to obtain AB-LNPs. Characterization of AB-LNPs The size distributions and zeta potentials were measured using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique on Malvern Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Ultraviolet
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Published 02 Dec 2022

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

  • Sedat Ünal,
  • Osman Doğan and
  • Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

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  • treatment of colon tumors, to provide higher drug concentration in the tumoral region in the colon, to reduce systemic side effects compared to parenteral administrations, and to alleviate colon cancer. In vitro characterization, permeability studies, in vitro cell culture studies, and comprehensive release
  • kinetics studies of the nanoparticular drug delivery system were carried out. It can be a detailed source and inspiration for possible future research in this area. Results and Discussion In vitro characterization of DCX-PLGA NPs and CS/DCX-PLGA NPs Mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta
  • characterization of both coated and uncoated DCX-PLGA NPs was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As it can be seen in Figure 1, both formulations exhibit perfectly round spheres with smooth surfaces. No free DCX crystals were found in the SEM pictures of any formulation, confirming that DCX was
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Published 23 Nov 2022

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

  • Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
  • Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

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  • -responsive material with improved charge carrier density (2.97 × 1019 cm−3). The LED light harvesting properties were analysed through various established characterization techniques and the photocatalysis was verified by eliminating the aqueous phase methylene blue (MB: 93.83%) and phenol (48.56%) moieties
  • times with DI water, and dried overnight at 60 °C. The commercially available HBN was used as a control sample. Characterization techniques A Rigaku Smart Lab high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (HR-XRD) equipped with a HyPix-3000 detector and Cu anode emitting Kα radiation was employed to obtain the
  • crystallographic characterization. The morphology of the obtained nanostructures was captured by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, Talos F200X G2, Thermo Scientific). The optical properties were characterized with a Shimadzu UV 2600 UV–vis spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere
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Published 22 Nov 2022

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

  • Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
  • Nina Burduja,
  • Marco Abbate,
  • Claudio Stagno,
  • Guy Caljon,
  • Louis Maes,
  • Nicola Micale,
  • Massimiliano Cordaro,
  • Angela Scala,
  • Antonino Mazzaglia and
  • Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

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  • -inflammatory, and anticancer). The physicochemical characterization of the supramolecular assembly (nanoGSP) in terms of size and colloidal stability was investigated by complementary spectroscopic techniques, such as UV–vis, ζ-potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the role of PolyCD
  • , Figure 1) achieved by supramolecular assembly of the components as well as their physicochemical characterization in terms of size and colloidal stability. The drug binding ability of nanoGS with Pent has been investigated by complementary spectroscopic techniques such as UV–vis, zeta potential (ζ
  • (AgNO3), ascorbic acid, and pentamidine isethionate were commercially available (Merck). All reagents used (Merck) were used without further purification. Characterization techniques UV–vis spectra were obtained on an Agilent model 8453 diode array spectrophotometer using 1 cm path length quartz cells
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Published 18 Nov 2022

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

  • Roopakala Kottayi,
  • Ilangovan Veerappan and
  • Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

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  • QDSCs. Physical characterization The crystalline structure and size of the synthesized QDs were examined by X-ray diffraction (Riganku Ultima IV XRD spectrometer with nickel-filtered Cu Kα radiation with a step width of 0.02°) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was carried out on a JEOL
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Published 14 Nov 2022

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

  • E. R. Viana,
  • N. Cifuentes and
  • J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

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  • electrical properties of these nanostructures, with a small disorder, and superior quality for nanodevice applications. Keywords: electrical characterization; field-effect transistors; hopping conduction; nanobelts; tellurium; Introduction The chalcogen tellurium (Te) is a rare element (0.002 ppm) in the
  • -nanostructure back-gate FETs, as well as the electrical resistivity of the nanostructures as a function of temperature from 5 to 400 K. The transport measurements were carried out in a low-noise custom-made system for electrical characterization of FET devices [16][17][18]. FET devices were built by laser
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Published 08 Nov 2022

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

  • Ke Xu and
  • Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

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  • . Applications range from mechanical and electrical sample characterization to measurements in liquids [1][2][3][4] and even in living cells [5][6][7][8]. The critical element of an AFM is the scanning probe itself, which is usually represented by a micro-cantilever beam equipped with a conical scanning tip. As
  • samples. Gold and silver bimetallic nanoclusters' morphology, properties, and structure were analyzed by various characterization means. The target analytes with specific recognition of the materials were selected, a fluorescence analysis platform for this material was constructed, and the fluorescence
  • consist of a 3–6 nm low-carbon-containing material wrapped around a tungsten metal core. The technique successfully prepares metal nanowire probes with a tiny radius of curvature (1–2 nm) and high aspect ratios (lengths of 100 nm–1.5 μm), enabling the successful characterization of specific single-walled
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Published 03 Nov 2022

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

  • Patrick Weiser,
  • Robin Kietz,
  • Marc Schneider,
  • Matthias Worgull and
  • Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

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  • Patrick Weiser Robin Kietz Marc Schneider Matthias Worgull Hendrik Holscher Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. box 36 40, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility for information-driven Material Structuring and Characterization
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Published 31 Oct 2022

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

  • Piotr Gadziński,
  • Anna Froelich,
  • Monika Wojtyłko,
  • Antoni Białek,
  • Julia Krysztofiak and
  • Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

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  • : fabrication, characterization, and ex-vivo evaluation using pilocarpine as model drug”, by G. Roy et al., Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, published on 11 Jun 2020 by Taylor & Francis Ltd), reprinted by permission of the publisher (Taylor & Francis Ltd, http://www.tandfonline.com). This content is
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Published 24 Oct 2022
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