Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• microparticles through a microgel route and coated them with silica to obtain core–shell composites. In an alternative method, spray-drying of biopolymer and biopolymer/silica solutions was conducted. Magnetic cobalt silicate could be also generated by introducing a cobalt salt during the process. C. Biopolymers

• higher catalytic activity than bulk tungsten trioxide. Other materials, such as cobalt-Prussian blue nanoparticles [75], Zn–Al layered double hydroxide [76], hydroxyapatite [77], and calcium carbonate [78], were also prepared within, or in the presence of, chitosan gels. In a biological approach, calcium

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• -Leopoldshafen, Germany, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, CNRS UMP 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France 10.3762/bjnano.5.215 Abstract The optical and electrical properties of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) (TbPc2) films on cobalt

• substrates were studied using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and current sensing atomic force microscopy (cs-AFM). Thin films of TbPc2 with a thickness between 18 nm and 87 nm were prepared by organic molecular beam deposition onto a cobalt layer grown by electron beam evaporation. The

• the Tb couples antiferromagnetically to the Co substrate [11]. In this work we focus on the study of other device-relevant aspects: the influence of the film thickness, morphology, and molecular orientation on the electrical transport in TbPc2 layers on polycrystalline cobalt films. The TbPc2 molecule

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• combination with Co3O4 [64] and MnO2 [65] as electrode material. In the earlier study, the CNO-containing anode material was prepared by a solvo-thermal method from cobalt acetate and CNOs and the authors found that the novel composite material showed improved electrochemical properties, compared to pristine

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• -organized cobalt clusters in a gold substrate upon thermal activation was reported by Padovani et al. [27]. When the surface energy of the metallic film is larger than that of the substrate, then surface nano-structuring is due to ion-induced sputtering of the film followed by the dewetting of metallic

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• . PGM catalysts exhibit low catalytic activity in electrooxidadion of carbohydrates. The oxidation of glucose in 1 M KOH in alkaline liquid fuel cells with a PtRu electrocatalyst generates gluconic acid (two-electron process) and 1. 4 mW/cm2 peak power [118]. The use of a Pt/C anode with a cobalt

• derivatives such as carbohydrazide (N2H3)2CO have been proposed to solve this issue [165]. Carbohydrazide has 71% of the capacity of hydrazine, it is miscible with water, and it can be electrochemically oxidized in the presence of inexpensive cobalt porphyrines [165]. Direct borohydride fuel cells The high

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

Self-organization of mesoscopic silver wires by electrochemical deposition

• Sheng Zhong,
• Thomas Koch,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Harald Rösner,
• Eberhard Nold,
• Aaron Kobler,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Di Wang,
• Christian Kübel,
• Mu Wang,
• Horst Hahn and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1285–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.142

• TEM (STEM) image of a silver wire. Figure 3d shows the EDX spectrum collected from the marked region in Figure 3c. Strong silver element peaks are identified, together with very weak gold, iron, carbon, and cobalt peaks. Gold and carbon signals most likely come from the carbon-covered gold TEM grid

• , on which the sample has been deposited. Cobalt and iron most likely come from the pole pieces of the objective lens. Oxygen and sulfur signals are not observed. Therefore, one can conclude that the silver wires grown in the experiments presented here are chemically pure. The application of silver

• cobalt peaks were also found. Gold and carbon come from the substrate. The cobalt and iron signal comes from the pole pieces of the objective lens; no peak can be attributed to sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen, the latter demonstrating that the silver wires are not oxidized at ambient conditions in air. Auger

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• ][36][37] skutterudites were found with Z factors of about 2 × 10−3 K−1, for temperatures up to 800 K. Skutterudites are, in general, based on elements that are not very rare, however sustainability problems could arise from the presence of cobalt. A big research effort has been devoted to the

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• Erlangen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.129 Abstract The autocatalytic growth of arbitrarily shaped nanostructures fabricated by electron beam-induced deposition (EBID) and electron beam-induced surface activation (EBISA) is studied for two precursors: iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, and cobalt tricarbonyl

• observed. In addition, we show that the autocatalytic growth of nanostructures from Co(CO)3NO can also be initiated by an Fe seed layer, which presents a novel approach to the fabrication of layered nanostructures. Keywords: autocatalytic growth; cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl; electron-beam induced

• products remain on the surface as a deposit. Some materials can be deposited with high purity, e.g., iron from iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5 [6][7][8][9], cobalt from dicobalt octacarbonyl, Co2(CO)8 [10][11], or Au from Au(CO)Cl [12]. In addition, EBID offers the advantage of very small obtainable structure

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• , Beijing 100190, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.5.128 Abstract There is tremendous effort put in the pursuit for cheap and efficient catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution systems. Herein, we report an active catalyst that uses the earth-abundant element cobalt and water-dispersible sulfonated

• ) in 4 h with respect to the initial concentration of the added cobalt salts was shown to be 5.6 times larger than that without graphene. Keywords: cobalt salts; earth-abundant catalyst; photocatalysis; photocatalytic hydrogen evolution; water-dispersible sulfonated-graphene; Introduction

• promising candidates for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Cobalt-based catalysts are particularly attractive catalysts that are easily obtained, environmentally benign and rely on earth-abundant elements [16]. Molecular cobalt catalysts [17], such as polypyridyl

Volcano plots in hydrogen electrocatalysis – uses and abuses

• Paola Quaino,
• Fernanda Juarez,
• Elizabeth Santos and
• Wolfgang Schmickler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 846–854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.96

• , that there is no volcano once the oxide-covered metals are left out. We examine the factors that govern the reaction rate in the light of our own theory and conclude, that Sabatier’s principle is only one of several factors that determine the rate. With the exception of nickel and cobalt, the reaction

• faster in acid than in alkaline solutions, and they do not follow a volcano shape. Thus their behavior is not governed by Sabatier’s principle alone. We shall consider nickel and cobalt in detail later, and now focus on the other d metals. Starting from iridium, they ought to form the descending branch

• . Nickel and cobalt are the only metals that lie on the descending branch, and they are worth a special look. Nickel Nickel and cobalt are very similar, and we focus on Ni(111), which is the densest and most stable surface. Nickel is one of the few metals that are spin polarized, and the d bands for spin

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• have a potential to cross the blood brain barrier that may open new ways for drug delivery into the brain [22]. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated by silica, with a size of 50 nm, were found in the brain after being administered via an intravenous injection in mice [23]. After exposure of mice to TiO2

CoPc and CoPcF₁₆ on gold: Site-specific charge-transfer processes

• Fotini Petraki,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Johannes Uihlein,
• Umut Aygül and
• Thomas Chassé

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 524–531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.61

• Fotini Petraki Heiko Peisert Johannes Uihlein Umut Aygul Thomas Chasse Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.61 Abstract Interface properties of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) and cobalt(II

Interaction of iron phthalocyanine with the graphene/Ni(111) system

• Lorenzo Massimi,
• Simone Lisi,
• Daniela Pacilè,
• Carlo Mariani and
• Maria Grazia Betti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 308–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.34

• the central metal atom [5]. When deposited on surfaces, their interaction may be driven by dipolar forces mainly related to the organic cage and by a stronger interaction that is associated with the central metal atom. As an example, the adhesion of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and cobalt phthalocyanine

Oriented attachment explains cobalt ferrite nanoparticle growth in bioinspired syntheses

• Annalena Wolff,
• Walid Hetaba,
• Marco Wißbrock,
• Stefan Löffler,
• Nadine Mill,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Axel Dreyer,
• Inga Ennen,
• Norbert Sewald,
• Peter Schattschneider and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 210–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.23

• cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in a bioinspired synthesis was studied. Bioinspired syntheses have sparked great interest in recent years due to their ability to influence and alter inorganic crystal growth and therefore tailor properties of nanoparticles. In this synthesis, a short synthetic version of the

• protein MMS6, involved in nanoparticle formation within magnetotactic bacteria, was used to alter the growth of cobalt ferrite. We demonstrate that the bioinspired nanoparticle growth can be described by the oriented attachment model. The intermediate stages proposed in the theoretical model, including

• diffraction measurements. The change of particle diameter with time agrees with the recently proposed kinetic model for oriented attachment. Keywords: bioinspired synthesis; cobalt ferrite nanoparticles; nanoparticle growth; oriented attachment; polypeptide; Introduction Nanoparticles with a well-controlled

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li₂Co_1−xM_xPO₄F (M = Fe, Mn) cathode materials

• Nellie R. Khasanova,
• Oleg A. Drozhzhin,
• Stanislav S. Fedotov,
• Darya A. Storozhilova,
• Rodion V. Panin and
• Evgeny V. Antipov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 860–867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.97

• decrease of the olivine impurities and in an increase of the fluorophosphate constituent. The formation of the almost pure Li2Co0.7Fe0.3PO4F was observed upon heating at 740–750 °С. Above these temperatures (>760 °С) samples melted and were heavily contaminated by cobalt oxide. Thus, the annealing at 750

Structural and thermoelectric properties of TMGa₃ (TM = Fe, Co) thin films

• Sebastian Schnurr,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Valeriy Y. Verchenko and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 461–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.54

• found the existence of an unlimited solid solution between the isostructural intermetallics FeGa3 and CoGa3 [9]. With an increasing cobalt content in the Fe1−xCoxGa3 solid solution, the Fermi level shifts up to the conduction band and crosses peaks of high electronic density of states, ultimately

• held at room temperature without subsequent annealing delivering nanocrystalline or even amorphous samples. Experimental Synthesis of bulk specimens Powders of iron (Acros Organics, 99%) and cobalt (Alfa Aesar, 99.8%), and gallium rods (Aldrich, 99.999%) were used as received. Three specimens with

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• ][10][11][12][13]. Recently, Yella et al. reported an efficiency of over 12% with a porphyrin-sensitized DSC and a cobalt(II/III) based redox electrolyte [14]. However, many details of the hybrid organic/inorganic interface and the influence of subsequent preparation steps on the device properties, e.g

Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Thomas Tietze,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 361–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.42

• cobalt demonstrates only one oxidation state Co3+ whereas manganese can possess several oxidation states, namely +2, +3 and +4 [17][18]. Together with cobalt and manganese, iron is one of the most important dopants in ZnO. Similar to manganese, iron has different oxidation states (Fe2+ and Fe3+). This

Low-dose patterning of platinum nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition as studied by TEM

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Sara Bals and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 77–86, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.9

• ], tungsten [19][20] and cobalt [21][22] nanostructures has been reported. A recent study has demonstrated the successful formation of binary Si–Pt nanostructures by FEBID [23]. Ultrasmall well-dispersed nanoclusters supported on CNTs are of most interest as the (electro-) catalytic activity can be increased

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• nanowires were successfully grown from nickel [57], cobalt [79], and iron [80]. The growth of Fe-based nanowires with controllable size, aspect ratio, and magnetic anisotropy in FeCl3 and FeCl2 solutions was investigated by Song et al. They employed FeCl3 and FeCl2 solutions, studied the nanowire growth

Spontaneous dissociation of Co₂(CO)₈ and autocatalytic growth of Co on SiO₂: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation

• Kaliappan Muthukumar,
• Harald O. Jeschke,
• Roser Valentí,
• Evgeniya Begun,
• Johannes Schwenk,
• Fabrizio Porrati and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 546–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.63

• , namely by air plasma cleaning or a focused electron beam pre-irradiation. We observe a spontaneous dissociation of the precursor molecules as well as autodeposition of cobalt on the pretreated SiO2 surfaces. We also find that the differences in metal content and relative stability of these deposits

• in FEBID to obtain granular deposits with differing compositions of cobalt [11]. Electronic and physical properties, such as grain size and metal content of these deposits, depend strongly on the deposition and pretreatment conditions of the substrate. By regulating these conditions, deposits of

• conditions, and we aim to relate the observations to the plasma and electron irradiation conditions prevailing in FEBID experiments. Experimental Cobalt growth and imaging experiments were carried out at room temperature in a dual-beam scanning electron microscope (FEI Nova NanoLab 600) with a Schottky

Imaging ultra thin layers with helium ion microscopy: Utilizing the channeling contrast mechanism

• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Vasilisa Veligura,
• Stefan Lorbek,
• Tijs F. Mocking,
• Antony George,
• Raoul van Gastel,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet and
• Bene Poelsema

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 507–512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.58

• the formation of cobalt nanoclusters, an atomically clean Ge{001} substrate was obtained by prolonged 800 eV Ar+ ion sputtering followed by annealing of the sample through resistive heating at 1100 K. Several monolayers of Co were evaporated by resistively heating a tungsten wire wrapped with a pure

• larger deviation from the initial particle trajectory. We will discuss this in more depth in the next paragraph. For the present case in which a light adlayer (either carbon or cobalt) covers a heavier substrate (silicon or germanium), (1) does not play a significant role and (2) will be weak in general

P-wave Cooper pair splitting

• Henning Soller and
• Andreas Komnik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 493–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.56

• [66]. Another experiment realized a superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor junction based on Al and Co electrodes with two closely spaced cobalt wires bridging two aluminum electrodes [76]. In this experiment the resistance in the case of antiparallel and parallel magnetization of the two wires was

qPlus magnetic force microscopy in frequency-modulation mode with millihertz resolution

• Maximilian Schneiderbauer,
• Daniel Wastl and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 174–178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.18

• acquisition times. To benchmark our setup, we reduced the magnetic moment of the tip by attaching a commercial MFM cantilever tip (NanoWorld Pointprobe MFMR, coated with approx. 40 nm cobalt alloy) onto a qPlus sensor. This has been done before in tuning-fork setups in room-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum

• parameters f0 = 24097 Hz, k = 1250 Nm−1, Q = 1161, A = 20 nm and lift height 45 nm. (a) Topography and (b) lift-mode frequency shift. Lift Mode FM-MFM image employing a qPlus sensor with a commercial cobalt-coated MFM cantilever tip attached to it (see inset in a). Flattened raw data with imaging parameters