Ideal Kerker scattering by homogeneous spheres: the role of gain or loss

• Qingdong Yang,
• Weijin Chen,
• Yuntian Chen and
• Wei Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 828–835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.73

• waves. Physical investigations can be implemented only after considering simultaneously the dispersion of the index and the spectrum of the incident waves. Consequently, the zero-index scenario is also excluded in the following analysis. It has been rigorously proved that the solutions of Equation 5

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• coefficient and the Hansen solubility parameters for KP15 According to the Hansen’s theory [19], the dispersed concentration C of a KP15 dispersion prepared by liquid exfoliation can be expressed by Equation 1 as follows. where δD is the intermolecular dispersion force, δH is the intermolecular hydrogen bond

• ; δP is the intermolecular polar force; δA,D, δA,P, δA,H are the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of the solute; and δB,D, δB,P, δB,H are the HSPs of the solvent. Therefore, to get a high concentration of KP15 in dispersion, the HSPs of the solvent for the exfoliation of KP15 should be close to

• the HSPs of KP15 and the HSPs of a given solvent is reduced, τ can be reduced with an improved exfoliation efficiency. Figure 5 shows the concentration of KP15 dispersions as a function of τ. When τ tends to zero, the concentration of the KP15 dispersion reaches the maximum value, which corresponds to

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• . Measurement of size and zeta-potential Particle size and size distribution were measured based on dynamic light scattering using a ZetaSizer® Ultra (Malvern Panalytics, Malvern, United Kingdom). 50 µL of GNP dispersion was diluted 20-fold, the pH was adjusted to 7.5, and the samples were measured in the

• , the appropriate particle concentration in 200 µL HBSS was applied. After an incubation time of 4 or 24 h on a shaker with 35 rpm at 37 °C, the particle dispersion was removed, and the cells were washed once with HBSS. The MTT reagent (methylthiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide, Acros organics, USA

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• tailored by controlling the evaporation front and the withdrawal speed, making photonic sensors possible. To pack the coordination polymer particles denser, stronger forces were introduced by casting the particle dispersion at an ice–water interface [142]. After freezing of the residual water, the

• . KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Illustration of packing nanoflakes between substrates through evaporation of a dispersion of nanoflakes. Figure 8 was reprinted with permission from [147], Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• limited owing to the aggregation of these phases, resulting in the decrement of active sites during photocatalysis [27]. In order to further increase the effectiveness of these heterostructures, the fabrication of efficient TiO2 materials for a homogeneous dispersion of Bi2WO6 through its morphological

• that the cellulose-derived three-dimensional network structures of the Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites promote the uniform dispersion of the Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on the TiO2 nanotubes, which is beneficial to the formation of active sites and well-proportioned heterostructures for the photocatalytic

• powder (16.0 m2·g−1) [52]. This is mainly benefited from the uniform and compact dispersion of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on the hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes without aggregation. The corresponding pore size distribution pattern analyzed by the BJH model exhibits a sharp peak at approx. 3 nm and a wide peak at

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• linear dispersion of the Dirac fermions [36]. These features proposed for graphene enable novel active devices, including modulators [37], perfect absorbers [38][39], imaging devices [40], detectors [41], waveguides [42][43], polarizers [44], and electromagnetic chirality devices [45]. The strength of

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• with other methods that require more effort from the lab workers, as well as exfoliation expertise and equipment. Experimental Cascade centrifugation In order to achieve homogeneous films with defined particle sizes, a dispersion of electrochemically exfoliated graphene from Sixonia Tech GmbH (G-DI5P

• -NMP-C50-2+, Dresden, Germany) was processed by cascade centrifugation (centrifuge model: COLO LACE16 from Novo Mesto, Slovenia, rotor R30403 with radius 8.19 cm). The commercially obtained solution contained a dispersion of graphene in NMP. Although many solvents are commercially available, NMP was

• the solvent of choice because of its favorable properties regarding LB deposition [14]. 1 mL of dispersion was initially centrifuged at a rate of 1500 rpm (relative centrifugal force, RCF, equal to 206g). The obtained centrifugation sediment contained the largest nanosheets of the initial dispersion

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• approximation. Our goal is to compare the ideal activation function σ(φin) and the activation function of the considered cell iout(φin). We use the square of the standard deviation, SD, for this purpose: where Dis[(…)] means the dispersion of a data set. Analysis of Figure 6 and Figure 8 allows us to conclude

• activation function of the neuron (see Figure 3 and Figure 6c) arising during evolution from the superposition state are also smoothed out. Previously, these oscillations were associated with the interference of the phases of the SQ states. However, the possible dispersion of the initial phases makes the

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• ], glycerol, a safe substance in pharmaceutical applications, was used to dissolve BBR in this study. Sonication provided mechanical energy to improve the dispersion of the nanosized BBR crystals. Homogeneous BBR NPs were produced with a size of 156 nm under a certain sonication conditions. The solubility of

• section and different sizes in the micrometer range. After the antisolvent precipitation process, the size of BBR NPs was expected to be at the nanoscale. TEM observation shows that the BBR NPs had a uniform rectangular shape with sizes lower than 100 nm (Figure 3b). It also reveals a good dispersion of

• PdI value reached 0.555, indicating a good stability of these BBR NP solutions. This can be explained by the narrow distribution of particle sizes, indicated by the low PDI value, resulting in a sufficiently large repulsive interaction between particles to form a stable dispersion [40]. Glycerol is a

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• conductivity, which is only possible if the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids is clearly underpinned. Several mechanisms have been suggested by researchers to effectively predict this improvement in thermal conductivity. The most widely accepted mechanisms for dispersion

• alkanes. The large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) molecular dynamic package provided by the Sandia group, created by Plimpton et al. [46][47][48], was used for simulating the dispersion of nanoparticles in water and alkanes. The water/CuO system consisted of 463 transferable

• enables the system to keep the pressure constant but the volume is varied). The temperature of the nanofluid during simulation was maintained at 303 K with 1 bar pressure. Electrostatic and van der Waals forces were imparted on the nonbonded interaction for dispersion. Charges on the system were

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• -radiolabeled AAT, was separated with a PD10 desalting column to remove impurities, unreacted compounds, and low molecular fractions. The purified fraction of the 125I-radiolabeled BSA, or 125I-radiolabeled AAT, was used in the following experiments. PHEG-Tyr nanogel dispersion (0.5 mL, 3 mg/mL in PBS buffer

• loaded with AAT (0.102 and 0.051 mg) for 24 h. The assay was prepared by mixing of BAEE solution (2 mL, 0.37 mM) in PBS buffer (pH 7.6) with 1 mM HCl (0.125 mL), dispersion of AAT loaded-PHEG-Tyr, or AAT loaded-Nα-Lys-NG, nanogel (1 mL), and trypsin solution (0.075 mL) in 1 mM HCl in cuvettes for UV–vis

• dispersion of AAT loaded-PHEG-Tyr, or AAT loaded-Nα-Lys-NG, nanogel (1 mL). Inhibition assays using only AAT without the nanogels were prepared by solving AAT (0.102 and 0.051 mg) in PBS buffer (4 mL, pH 4.7) following the same procedure. Trypsin enzymatic assay was prepared by mixing BAEE solution (3 mL

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• microneedle arrays by thumb for 30 s, the microneedle heights were measured again. Preparation of artificial agarose skin Previously, agarose gel was utilized as an artificial skin model [28]. Briefly, 2.5 g of agarose was suspended in 100 mL water. The dispersion was then placed in the microwave to melt for

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• and lower toxicity [26][27]. In our previous studies, polymeric systems composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poloxamer 407 (P407) were obtained and characterized. P407 could improve structuring and rapid dispersion of polymeric matrices, which showed promising

• ; however, from the images it can be seen that inside of each needle there are air bubbles or less deposits of extract. The MNs containing GE showed to be more malleable; they were more homogeneous in the dispersion of the extract; however, they also displayed air bubbles along the structure. The

• software Texture Exponent 6.1.12.0 (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK). The substrate composed of an aqueous dispersion of gelatin 5% (w/w) was prepared by dispersing the weighed gelatin in warm water. After complete dispersion, the dispersion was poured into petri dishes and allowed to dry at room

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• ethosomal formulations containing a potent antioxidant, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and to evaluate their potential for use in cosmetics by determining their antioxidant and antiaging effects. Ethosomes (ETHs) were prepared via mechanical dispersion and characterized in vitro in terms of particle

• was prepared using mechanical dispersion [22][24]. The prepared ETHs consisted of 2–4% (w/v) phospholipids, 15–45% (v/v) ethanol and the effects of phospholipid and ethanol concentration on the characterization properties of the formulations were investigated. The SPC was added to the round-bottomed

• preparation of ETHGs, initially 1.0% (w/v) of Carbopol 980 was added to distilled water, adjusted to pH 5.5 with triethanolamine in 1:1 (v/v) ratio, and allowed to swell overnight at room temperature. Then, the optimized ethosomal dispersion was gelled by mixing 1.0% (w/v) Carbopol 980 solution in the ratio

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• at room temperature (25 °C). The precipitate obtained after the polymerization was filtered and purified by 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and acetone. Subsequently, pure polyaniline was dried over silica gel in a desiccator for 24 h. Next, the dispersion solutions were prepared by mixing 24 mg PANI and 5

• dispersion solutions were deposited by a micropipette on the interdigitated electrode arrays. After that, the deposited sensor layers were dried using the integrated heating elements at 60 °C for 2 h and whole sensor array was subsequently dried in a desiccator over silica gel for 24 h. Before the deposition

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• CNTs with the material context should not be ignored. Functionalized CNTs can physically interact with some of the chemical groups on polymers and facilitate the dispersion of CNTs in composites. For example, it has been reported that COOH-functionalized SWCNTs are readily embedded into type-I collagen

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• dispersion, while the counter-diffusion synthesis, using water as the solvent, offered less control over ZIF-8 formation. The film was about 1.5 μm thick, on top of the surface of α-Al2O3 disk rather than embedded into the disk (Figure 7b). Compared to the immiscible solvents in interfacial synthesis, the

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• using a scanning electron microscope (FEI Inspected S50) with an electron dispersion spectrometer (EDS) and the cross-sectional analysis of the prepared thin film structures using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with X-ray probe. With respect to the programmed U-shape of the magnetron powering

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• and lower hyperthermia efficiency [11]. Indeed, other researchers find that the temperature increase by magnetic hyperthermia is much lower than that of NIR-induced heating, presumably due to the coating layers needed for biological dispersion [12]. Yu et al. first discovered strong photothermal

• with the oleic acid and oleylamine ligands present on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through van der Waals forces to facilitate the dispersion of nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Further addition of ethylene glycol weakened the van der Waals interaction, causing decomposition of nanoparticle

• 59.4 emu/g (Figure 1c) and stronger absorption intensities at the NIR wavelength of 808 nm than individual nanoparticles [17]. In addition, the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of NPCs suspended in aqueous culture medium reflected good dispersion (Figure 1d). The colloidal stability of our

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• solution followed by alternately employing Ru-PF6 and BTP solution. Nanoelectrode samples with 20 to 50 nm gaps were used to assemble devices based on multiple Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP building blocks. For this purpose, a droplet of the Ru(MPTP)(MPTP-SAc)–AuNP dispersion was deposited onto the nanoelectrode

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• potential [44] for the molybdenum core electrons was used, including the D3(BJ) dispersion correction by Grimme and co-workers [45][46]. The PBE0 functional was chosen as it has been reported to be among the best performers in thermochemical studies on transition metal compounds [47][48][49]. Harmonic

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• electrolytes on the stability of NPs [29], and DMEM was used as a representative of biological assays. All NPs (MFe2O4-PMA, MFe2O4+DOX, and MFe2O4+MTX) indicated high zeta potential values (−35 to −26 mV) in all dispersion media except DMEM (−17 to −10 mV) as shown in Table 4. The reason behind lower zeta

• applications [30]. All samples have lower PDI values (0.13–0.33) which indicates a uniform distribution of NPs in different dispersion media (Table 5). pH-dependent drug-loading and drug-release kinetics The UV–vis-based confirmation of drug (DOX and MTX) attachment to PMA-coated MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Zn, Ni

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

Cantilever signature of tip detachment during contact resonance AFM

• Devin Kalafut,
• Ryan Wagner,
• Maria Jose Cadena,
• Anil Bajaj and
• Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1286–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.96

• dispersion relation for wave number and frequency is given as: where βn and fn are the wavenumber and resonance frequency of the nth mode, respectively [38]. Note that this is also valid for the cantilever in contact with the sample using the contact wavenumber and contact resonance frequency of the nth