Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• proximity effect”. Distributions of spin current and induced magnetization were calculated in recent works [20][21], where the authors investigate spin current flow through Josephson-like trilayer structures. The proximity effect is the penetration of superconducting correlations in an adjacent

• proximity effect. The spin current can be induced only by the nonstationary flow of triplet Cooper pairs, just as in a conventional spin-pumping bilayer structure with a normal metal [33]. Thus, spin currents cannot emerge when the magnetization is stationary inside the ferromagnetic insulator layer

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• the catalytic and diffusion layers. The microscopic water droplets must leave the MEA and the cell, but in some cases, they are temporarily trapped in the diffusion layer or the flow fields. The presence of water results in a temporary decrease of the current due to the transport resistance increase

• of 20% Pt Vulcan XC-72R catalyst, while the anode was made of 20% Pt HiSpec 3000 catalyst. MEA tests were carried out on a single-cell fuel cell assembly with a single serpentine flow field on both electrodes. The assembled cells were fed with ambient air supplied by an oil-free compressor and H2 5.0

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• ; Introduction A flux-flow oscillator (FFO) is the most extensively studied Josephson source of high-frequency electromagnetic waves (EMW) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. A FFO was used in the first direct demonstration of Josephson emission by Yanson et al., back in 1965 [13][14]. State of the art FFOs

• and the flux-flow phenomenon. Therefore, a JJ can be considered as an actively pumped patch antenna with a distributed feed-in current. In this work, I present a distributed, active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator. It expands the TL model of a patch antenna [36], taking into account the

• and the flux-flow phenomenon. (iii) The slow propagation speed of EMWs inside the JJ, c0 ≪ c. This is caused by a large kinetic inductance of superconducting electrodes. For Nb-based JJs, c/c0 ≈ 40 (see the estimation in section Discussion). For atomic-scale intrinsic JJs in layered cuprates, c0 can

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• that under the appropriate voltage (50 kV) and air flow (50 m3/h), the device could keep ZnO nanoparticles contained in the spinning solution evenly dispersed during the spinning process, thus obtaining functional nanofibers with more uniform distribution of ZnO nanoparticles, whose quality and yield

• enabled the ZnO nanoparticles contained in the spinning solution to maintain uniform dispersion in the batch preparation process of nanofibers by means of air flow produced through multiple pores. The airflow reduces the agglomeration of nanoparticles, thus yielding nanofibers with uniform ZnO loading. In

• experiments were performed at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity. The following MEAI parameters were used. The receiving distance was 18 cm, the speed of the receiving drum was 300 r/min, the air flow rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 m3/h, and the spinning voltages were 40, 50, and 60 kV. Measurement and

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• out in a rapid thermal processing (RTP, Jipelec Jetstar 100) furnace. First, the chamber was evacuated and purged with Ar three times at room temperature, then a flow of forming gas of Ar + H2 (volume ratio 30:1) was kept till the end of the experiment. The temperature was ramped up to 300 °C in 20 s

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• scanning. While leaving the probe floating is counterproductive from the perspective of minimising electrostatic interaction, the possibility of current flow through the tip to ground is eliminated. As with the LIA phase selection for the SPR measurements discussed above, the phase was selected so as to

• effect. The presence of a constriction in the metal (the bridge) results in a localised heating effect. A schematic of the enhanced SPR experiment. Schematic describing the experimental setup used to perform SJEM measurements on a modulated element. Flow diagram of simulation process. FEM optical

Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Horst Hahn and
• Vladimir Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9

• : artificial neural networks; functional nanostructures; intrinsic Josephson effect; nanoelectronics; spintronics; The twenty-first century is marked by an explosive growth in the flow of information, which is necessary to process, archive, and transmit data through communication systems. For that purpose

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• , sequentially rinsed with acetone and isopropanol, and blown dry with nitrogen gas. To conduct CLL processes, a PDMS stamp was activated by 30 s of oxygen plasma exposure at a power of 18 W with 0.5 mbar oxygen flow. The stamp was then conformally sealed onto the SAM-modified Au substrate for 2 h under ambient

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• occurs due to the presence of hydrophilic sites at the nanocone entrance. The functionalization, together with the high mobility of water inside nanostructures, leads to a fast water flow through the nanostructure. We show using molecular dynamics simulations that this device is able to collect water if

• addition to the hydrophobicity described above. The phenomena of density increasing with temperature at constant pressure and diffusion coefficients increasing with density at constant temperature were observed in experiments and simulations in bulk water [22][23][24]. Water presents both super flow and

• slowing down when confined in biological structures with the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites [25]. Water confined in hydrophobic structures, such as carbon nanotubes with diameters below 2 nm, exhibits a fast flow that exceeds values provided by classical hydrodynamics [26]. This super flow

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• negative direction, a cathodic current due to the reduction of Ti ions started to flow at around 2.8 V (vs Li/Li+). KPFM measurements were performed in the region across the solid electrolyte (Figure 1a). Figure 3a and Figure 3b display the topography and CPD images, respectively, obtained when 0 V was

• toward the negatively biased electrode, resulting in an ionic current flow. The ion current decays with time and, in principle, becomes zero when the electric field in the solid electrolyte is shielded by the accumulation and depletion of Li ions. Before starting each KPFM measurement, we waited 2–4 min

• measurement The KPFM measurements were performed at room temperature using a commercial atomic force microscope (Park Systems, NX10) placed in an Ar flow glove box (O2: <1 ppm, H2O: <1 ppm). We used Cr/Pt-coated Si cantilevers (Budget Sensors, Multi75E-G) with a nominal resonance frequency of 75 kHz and a

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• : the flow of supercurrent between two superconductors separated by a dielectric barrier. However, the correlation of the order parameters of two spatially separated superconductors is a subtle quantum mechanical effect, which in all practical cases is observed at dielectric thicknesses of the order of

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• C18 H, with precolumn). The analysis conditions were as follows: mobile phase: 70% acetonitrile and 30% water; flow rate: 1.0 cm3·min−1; injection volume: 20 × 10−3 cm3; absorbance detection: 270 and 310 nm for PhOH and DBMP, respectively. External standards of seven concentration levels ranging from

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• 30 μM) at 37 °C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. Then, the cells were washed, digested, and suspended in 500 μL PBS. The fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson FACSAriaIII cell sorter) in PerCP-Cy5.5 channel to detect the fluorescence of BDP according to our previous report [22

• complex nanoparticles with suitable particle size (73 nm) for in vivo application. Besides, at this molar ratio, BDP could be successfully grafted onto the LNPs. Flow cytometry was employed to study the cellular uptake efficiencies of AB-LNPs and free BDP by detecting the fluorescence of BDP in the PerCP

• nanoparticles, which was consistent with the results obtained from flow cytometry. For comparison, no fluorescence could be found in cells treated with Au-LNPs. AB-LNPs showed the highest cellular uptake efficiency after 6 h of incubation. Hence, we chose 6 h incubation time to study the anti-proliferative

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• liquids flow over solid surfaces [29][30]. The highest economic and ecological potential for this technology is the shipping industry [31]. The optimal parameters for stable air retention have been previously investigated [1][32] and theoretical calculations have been performed [33][34][35]. Four criteria

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• , Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.13.111 Abstract There are currently efforts to improve strategies for biomimetic approaches, to identify pitfalls and to provide recommendations for a successful biomimetic work flow. In this contribution, a case study of a concrete biomimetic project

• both biological models for the tuyère problem. Instead, a seemingly not obvious biological model was identified, namely micropores within the cell walls of water-transporting conduits of plants that connect the conduits to a three-dimensional flow network. These specially shaped pores are assumed to be

• represented by a sequence of projects in which the co-authors of this paper were involved in different combinations. The underlying biomimetic problems and physical as well as biological topics just provided the vehicle to describe the flow of concepts, inspirations and transfer problems. Perspective The

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• -type Bi2S3 is somewhat close to the CB. In a heterojunction from n-type Bi2O3 and p-type Bi2S3, electrons flow from n-type Bi2O3 to p-type Bi2S3, and holes flow from p-type Bi2S3 with a low Fermi level to n-type Bi2O3 with a high Fermi level. As a consequence of this, negative charges build up in Bi2S3

• often employed to offer an intermediary conduit for electrons to flow from the CB of semiconductor II (SC II) to the VB of semiconductor I (SC I), making the charge transfer easier [38]. A solid substance or a redox couple in solution may serve as a mediator in the Z-scheme. This dual absorber system

• performance of heterojunction photocatalysts, researchers have recently proposed an S-scheme heterojunction [45]. Separating photoinduced electrons and holes with an S-scheme heterojunction efficiently preserves the promising redox properties of semiconductors. It is common for electrons to flow from the CB

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• the cutting surfaces. According to previous research, this phenomenon is due to a too small taper that hinders the material flow during punching [64]. In contrast, the 10° taper angle punch shows smooth cutting surfaces; therefore, this taper angle is more suitable for this punching process

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• Standard Gr. 1 G20 x 1 ½’’, B. Braun SE, Melsungen, Germany) using a custom-made syringe pump at a flow rate between 0.2 to 0.3 mL/h (Figure 11a) equipped with a 1 mL plastic syringe (Omnifix-F, B. Braun SE, Melsungen, Germany). The sample fixed on an aluminium sample carrier was placed horizontally

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• does it generate catalyst patterns in advance. In order to proceed safely and cost-effectively, the method uses mainly ethanol as the carbon source with a 4% flow gravity of hydrogen gas. Notably, using this tip array allows the growth method to be further optimized to produce the highest percentage of

• keep its original shape. Low-resistance ohmic contacts between the metal surface and the PdNWCNT probe were confirmed. Moreover, repeated current flow and surface contact did not cause any damage to PdNWCNTs, indicating that the PdNWCNT probe is suitable for multi-probe conductivity measurement. In the

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• ]. This viewpoint was confirmed by many experiments later, such as the electrical signal generated by the flow of water through single-walled carbon nanotubes [7], carbon nanosheets [8], and nanoparticles [9]. Regarding the principle of this phenomenon, the common explanation is that charge transfer

• cylindrical, the potential change (ΔV) is given by [10]: where ε is the dielectric constant of the fluid, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, R is the flow resistance of the channel, ζ is the zeta potential of the ionic double layer on the channel surfaces, η is the liquid viscosity, C is the ionic concentration

• , µ is the effective ionic mobility, and ν is the liquid flow rate, which plays an important role in MEGs. The flow potential is a reflection of the joint action of the fluid and the nanochannel, so it can be shown from Equation 1 that various parameters of the nanochannel material, such as flow

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• photocatalytic activity of as-prepared MgO@g-C3N4 was evaluated by monitoring NO degradation. The photocatalytic NO removal experiments were performed using a 4.5 L reaction chamber and a Xenon lamp (300 W) as the visible light source. The initial NO concentration was 500 ppb, the flow rate was 1.5 L·min−1, and

• calculated by using Equations 1–4: [41][42][43]: where CNO is the concentration of NO (ppb), CNO2 is the concentration of NO2 (ppb), the index “i” represents the initial concentration, and the index “f” represents the final concentration. NA is the Avogadro constant (mol−1), Vt is the flow rate of NO (L·min

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• the connectors on the cryostat bottom plate and feedthroughs of the UHV system, low-heat-conductive phosphor bronze wires [41] are used. The wires run down along the LHe tank with several attachment points to further reduce the heat flow from the room-temperature UHV flange connectors to the cryostat

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• study of the all-optical modulation of QCLs. A flow chart of the numerical calculations for the all-optical modulation of QCLs is shown in Figure 1. Here, we modify our numerical model in two cases. The first case is when modulating the laser wavelength to greater than the lower laser subband of the

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• molecules, whose products of dissociation are deposited on the irradiated area [9][10][11]. Normally, precursor molecules are intentionally delivered to the irradiated area by a gas flow. However, residual gases in the vacuum chamber can also be used as a precursor for EBID. Nanostructures produced from

• angle of incidence of the EB, as seen in Figure 4 and Figure 5, could be explained by a decreased component of electron energy/energy flow along the surface normal. The displacement of the nanostructure peaks away from the EB (Figure 5, α = 10°) could be related to the destructive effects of high-energy