Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• morphology, or in the formation of ZnO particles embedded into the ZnMgO matrix, respectively. Local compositional fluctuations leading to the formation of deep band tails in the gap were deduced from photoluminescence spectra. A model for the band tail distribution in the bandgap is proposed as a function

• in the formation of deep band tails in the gap. As for the samples annealed at 400 °C, the luminescence spectra revealed the presence of two PL bands, as shown in Figure 5, which is indicative of the presence of two components in the samples. The lower energy PL band comes from ZnO crystallites

• luminescence is excited by transitions between the states from the band tails. After excitation, the carriers relax to the minimum possible energy in the band tails, which determines the spectral position of the PL band. With increasing x value from 0 to 0.40, the deepness of band tails in the gap increases to

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• surface is followed by a region of low ethanol density, which has been referred to as a gap [15][17]. Beyond the gap, ethanol again arranges in vertical layers with a vertical distance of approximately 0.5 nm. In contrast to the first layer, however, it has been calculated that both the lateral order and

• , it appears very reasonable to assign this lateral structure to the ordered first layer of ethanol molecules. We note that the data of calcite and magnesite differ slightly when the tip is closer to the surface than the gap. While in the case of calcite a clear maximum (labelled 1 in Figure 1) is seen

• surface, pointing away from it. All atomic number density profiles show a pronounced minimum after this first layer of ethanol molecules on top of the calcite surface, the so-called “gap”. At larger distances from the surface, a second solvation layer can be identified by a peak in each of the atomic

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• layer and the length of the S constriction are about the superconducting coherence length the CPR is single-valued and can be close to a sinusoidal shape. The product IcRn can reach Δ(0)/2|e| (Ic is the critical current of the junction, Rn is its normal-state resistance, Δ(0) is the superconductor gap

• of hot spots [7][8][9]. A relatively large gap Δ in superconducting banks plays an important role here because it prohibits heat dissipation from the S or the N link at low temperatures kBT < Δ and it leads to hysteresis even for S-N-S junctions of variable thickness [22]. This problem could be

• ) model [24][25] for the SN-S-SN junction. We suppose that electron temperature Te = T + δTe and phonon temperature Tp = T + δTp are close to the substrate temperature, δTe, δTp ≪ T and do not vary along the thickness. In the N layer the proximity-induced gap (minigap) is small, and, due to the inverse

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• orientation. To fill this gap in knowledge, here, we report room-temperature (RT) and low-temperature (LT) STM-based studies of the adsorption of nonplanar tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) molecules a rutile (110)-1 × 1 surface of TiO2. SnPc molecules appear on such a surface in two flat-lying geometries defined by

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• [32] (Figure 1b), and a van der Waals gap g = 3.36 Å [33] (Figure 1c, left). The crystal structure of WSe2 (0001) consists of a repetition of Se–W–Se trilayers, as depicted in Figure 1b. The irreducible representation of the phonon modes at the center of the Brillouin zone in WSe2 can be described by

• due to change in excitation energy, which has been analyzed in this study. The PL measurement in 1L WSe2 as P increased at T = 298 K (Figure 2e) depicts the variation of the excitonic A-peak, representing direct-gap transitions, where Eg (1L) = 1.61 eV. The shift of the A-peak towards lower energies

• substrate is shown in (c)-left, and the application of external stimuli such as laser power P and substrate temperature T. The interlayer gap g is shown as ≈3.36 Å. (e) The variation of the Raman spectra for the and A1g modes for mechanically exfoliated WSe2 for 1L, ML, and bulk. The mode exhibits a red

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• (LDA) computations suggests a lower indirect gap around 4 eV. Calculations with other methods suggest a higher value of about 5.95 eV [87]. In experiments, the variability of the properties is even larger. For example, stacking influences the electronic properties of h-BN [86]. The indirect bandgap is

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• solar energy harvesting in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications owing to their extremely high visible-light absorption and tuned effective band gap. In this work, Ag-loaded TiO2 nanocolumn (Ag-TNC) arrays were fabricated based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by combining atomic layer

• conventional method (3.20 eV). This is attributed to the quantum size effect, according to which the Eg value of a semiconductor depends on physicochemical properties such as size, surface area, and crystalline phase [35]. When Ag particles are combined with TiO2, the band gap of the resulting Ag-TNC film is

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• irreversible change in the energy gap induced by the annealing. It is known that the temperature dependence of the energy gap for the fluoresence of CDs can be expressed as [42] where Eg(T) is the energy gap at temperature T, S is the Huang–Rhys factor representing the coupling strength between exciton and

• phonon, is the phonon energy, and k is the Boltzmann constant. It is evident that increasing temperature leads to the decrease of the energy gap. The CDs become conductive at temperatures larger than the critical temperture and lose the PL charactersistic, as demonstrated by the annealed-CDs due to

• the irreversible change in the energy gap at high temperatures. The PL characteristics of CDs depend on the structure and composition of the CDs, as shown by the FTIR spectra of the HTC-CDs, annealed-CDs, and LA-CDs-10% (Figure 7). The FTIR spectrum of the HTC-CDs is similar to that of LA-CDs-10

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• ; size; surface chemistry; Introduction Nanomedicine is one of the most exciting fields of research in the branch of nanotechnology as it has the potential to generate practical and effective solutions to tackle chronic diseases and to solve unmet clinical challenges. However, a tremendous gap exists

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• exhibit transitions between separated bands. This can be observed in Ag, where a transition of electrons induced by visible light can take place between the d band and the sp band [6][7][28][29][30][31][32]. The width of the gap between s band and d band is in this case in the range of 3.7–3.9 eV [7][29

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

• Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
• Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

• energy gap. Consequently, in our approach, we opted for a non-dissipative (superconducting) high-impedance environment under zero magnetic field. Our quasi-one-dimensional arrays of SIS junctions contain loops forming SQUIDs (Figure 1). The Josephson current is very small (Figure 2a), Ic < 10 pA, and

• application of the magnetic field only monotonically suppresses the superconducting gap. The corresponding I–V dependence can be understood as a tunnel characteristic of multiple SIS junctions connected in series. The I–V characteristics (Figure 2a) with a gap of ≈10 mV corresponds well with 25 SIS junctions

• connected in series, each being a Al–AlOx–Al junction with a gap of about 400 µV. The charging energy, Ec = e2/2C, of each SIS contact (considering it to be a plate capacitor with dielectric constant ε ≈ 10, area 100 × 100 nm and distance between plates ≈2 nm) is about two orders of magnitude higher than

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• the treatment of organic contaminants in wastewater is in urgent need owing to the deterioration of the ecological environment [1]. Metal oxides, such as ZnO [2], TiO2 [3], Fe2O3 [4], and CuO [5], have been demonstrated to be promising photocatalysts. In particular, the band gap energy (Eg) of the p

• spectra were collected to study the optical properties of the samples. As shown in Figure 5a, the CuO/tourmaline composite exhibited higher optical adsorption than that of pure CuO, due to the plasmon resonance of the tourmaline units [24]. The band gap of CuO and CuO/tourmaline composite was calculated

• to be Eg = 1.38 eV and Eg = 1.31 eV, respectively (Figure 5b). The lower band gap of the CuO/tourmaline composite suggested a higher utilization efficiency of light [32]. Various measurements were employed to investigate the effect of tourmaline on the separation of photoinduced charge carriers. The

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• transition metals, as well as Ag and Au. However, most studies have examined single-atom adsorption or adsorbed nanoparticles of noble metals. This means there is a knowledge gap in terms of thin film nucleation on 2D materials. To begin addressing this issue, we present in this paper a first-principles

• increases [2]. Experimental methods for controlling the formation of sulfur vacancies in the MoS2 monolayer have also been developed [33], and this would allow for the targeted use of S vacancies to enhance desired properties such as adsorption energy. In this study we aim to fill the gap in the literature

• (DOS) analysis shows the emergence of mid-gap states, indicating that the system is changing from semiconducting to metallic as Cu atoms are adsorbed, making it suitable for application as a Cu diffusion barrier. Computational Methods All calculations, for bulk MoS2 and the 2D monolayer, were carried

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• using cells treated with free siRNA or polyplex for 48 h (Figure 10). It is observed that the scratched gap was filled more slowly in cells treated with free siRNA when compared with the control cells. This was even more delayed in cells treated with the polyplex and pristine PVI. It is likely that the

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• for the gapped graphene electrodes within the massless gap scenario. The systems present a high heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency at low temperature, for which the phonon contribution can be neglected [38][39]. The analytical approaches to Kondo physics of magnetic impurities in graphene

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• critical failure aspect ratio [33]. Figure 23 shows that the nonclassical theory predicts a higher aspect ratio. As observed in Table 14, the difference between the classical and nonclassical models could be more than 75% at l/d = 0.5. Conclusion In this article, in order to fill the gap of previous

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• leads to the accumulation of the peptide on the outer leaflet of the membrane [28]. The peptides then cause bending of the lipid monolayer into the interior, forming a hydrophilic gap in the membrane, in which phospholipid heads and peptides are found. The transient pore formation models are in general

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• stability (Figure 9). We compared our result with other materials reported recently (Table 1). For conductivity measurements, the H-rGO sample was dispersed in ethanol and drop-cast on a gold gap electrode. The average resistance measured using a Keithley source meter is ca. 4 MΩ. The corresponding

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• counterpart. Here, the van der Waals gap between the organic layer and the inorganic slab is removed. The organic layers are connected with perovskite layers by strong hydrogen bonds in the 2D Dion–Jacobson (2DDJ) perovskite, which has a reasonably enhanced stability compared to the 2DRP perovskite. Guo et al

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• ) has become the basis of modern energy-efficient lighting technology over the last 30 years [1]. Especially the binary III–V semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN) is very useful for consumer lighting application. The high band gap energy of 3.4 eV at room temperature permits the production of blue and

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• output waveguides are direct coupled to both ends of the resonator [3][8][9][10], second is that the resonators are side-coupled to one waveguide between the input and output ports [11][12][13][14][15], and third is that the input waveguide, output waveguide and resonators are all coupled through a gap

• proposed a compact plasmonic nanosensor, which is composed of one MDM waveguide, two side-coupled stubs, and three gap-coupled resonators (a T-shaped, a ring and a split-ring, respectively). The transmission features of the structure are numerically simulated in the near-infrared spectrum at 1000 to 2000

• and a split-ring resonator), which are gap-coupled to a bus waveguide with two stubs. For convenience, we named the T-shaped, ring, split-ring, left stub and right stub modules as cavity1, cavity2, cavity3, stub1 and stub2, respectively. The width of the bus waveguide, the three cavities and stub2 are

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• plane substrate and in the cavities. The electric field intensity of Ag nanoparticles on the pile-ups of materials was found to be higher than on the plane substrate. New hot spots are formed at the gap between the adjacent Ag nanoparticles and between Ag nanoparticles and the pile-ups. Finally, the

Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators

• Xiao bin Ren,
• Kun Ren,
• Ying Zhang,
• Cheng guo Ming and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.236

• connection and the x-axis is described by ϕ. The distance d and the angle ϕ are parameters that are closely related to the degree of asymmetry. The radius of the outer and the inner ring cavity are R and r, respectively. The OCRR is side-coupled to the waveguide with the gap g. The width of the MDM waveguide

• , we have Tmax = 1. Results and Discussion Numerical simulations were performed by using COMSOL Multiphysics. The width of the waveguide is W0 = 50 nm, the gap between waveguide and resonator is g = 10 nm. The outer and inner radius of ring are R = 155 nm and r = 55 nm, respectively. The deviation

• the degree of asymmetry, i.e., the deviation distance d and the deviation angle ϕ. Now, another ring is placed at the other side of the waveguide with the gap distance g = 10 nm. The outer and the inner radius of the second ring are R2 = 155 nm and r2 = 75 nm, respectively. The deviation angle is ϕ2

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• within OSC-based SAMs with regions of insulating SAM made from large band gap alkanethiolates. The new method is demonstrated using a phenyl-linked anthracenethiolate (PAT), 4-(anthracene-2-ylethynyl)benzyl thiolate. I–V characteristics of differently shaped PAT-islands were measured using the AFM tip as

• out of regular SAMs. These patches are then isolated from the surrounding monolayer by insulating stripes made of a large band-gap alkanethiolate SAM. Measurements using a conductive probe AFM yield a pronounced dependence of current on island size, from which a lateral resistance coupling of adjacent

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• it to qualify as a semitransparent absorber layer. According to the EQE, appreciable photoelectric conversion in these cells occurs in the 320–750 nm wavelength range. The observed EQE onset at 750 nm corresponds to a band gap of 1.65 eV of crystalline Sb2S3. Cells with 70 and 100 nm thick Sb2S3 film