The role of morphology and coupling of gold nanoparticles in optical breakdown during picosecond pulse exposures

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin and
• J. Carl Kumaradas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 869–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.79

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin J. Carl Kumaradas Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada 10.3762/bjnano.7.79 Abstract This paper presents a theoretical study of the interaction of a 6 ps laser pulse with uncoupled and plasmon-coupled gold nanoparticles. We show how the one

• ; Introduction Over the last decade the interaction of pulsed lasers with gold nanoparticles has been studied in many emerging fields, such as sensing and medical diagnostics and therapy [1][2]. This interest is sparked by the ability to overcome diffraction-limited optics and to control electromagnetic field

• affected by the optical properties of the surrounding environment [3], the morphology of individual nanoparticle as well as the formation of nanoparticle assemblies [4][5]. Nanospheres and nanorods are the two most common shapes of gold nanoparticles. They can be made to assemble through binding to the

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• required. As an example, gold nanoparticles generated by electron irradiation of hydrogen tetrachloroaurat (HAuCl4) embedded in PDDA (poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)) tends to ripen during the postpyrolysis and thus form particles with a standard deviation of size of up to 30 percent of the

Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• or temperature , as well as sonochemical preparation routes allow for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes [9][10]. Additionally, appropriate templates for the growing process can define and control size, shape and assembling of nanostructures [9][11][12]. During

• nanoparticles. For comparison, Figure 3 shows dark field images of onion cell layers after 20 h of incubation with chloroauric acid. The onion samples incubated in chloroauric acid did not show any change of color after drying. In the dark field micrographs, yellow light scattered from small gold nanoparticles

• shows that these gold structures are formed only at a few points without any correlation to the cellular structure of the epithelial tissue. A templating effect due to the cellular matrix of the onion layer as it has been observed for silver does not exist for the formation of gold nanoparticles. Raman

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• “seed solution” containing small gold nanoparticles is added to a “growth solution” in which particles grow by slow diffusion of gold atoms onto the surface of the seeds to form GNRs. The growth solution contains Au(III) ions, a reducing agent and a surfactant. Many efforts also have been made to align

• numerous experiments and efforts to investigate the formation of gold nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and also to produce well-defined geometries of gold nanoparticles by using photoreduction [30][31]. It has been shown that by using different concentrations of gold salt, one can control the shape as

• by UV irradiation suggest that the role of polymer Mw in the formation of nanoparticles cannot be ignored. Hence, we have fabricated Au–PMMA nanocomposites using UV photoreduction for two different selected Mw of PMMA. The formation of gold nanoparticles in PMMA matrices with low and high Mw with 20

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• ., blood–brain barrier, blood–gas barrier and blood–testis barrier). Plain nanoconjugates and nanosized vehicles are widely utilized as drug delivery tools to cross the blood–brain barrier [43]. Moreover, the translocation of gold nanoparticles through the air–blood barrier was found after a treatment with

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• , Argentina REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal 10.3762/bjnano.7.58 Abstract In this contribution a strategy is shown to covalently immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto vesicle

• exhibit a spherical shape with a size of 190 ± 10 nm. The developed procedure is easy, rapid and reproducible to start designing a possible immunosensor by using environmentally friendly procedures. Keywords: covalently decorated vesicles; gold nanoparticles; immunosensors design; synthesis

• and condensation of silicon alkoxides into organized inorganic materials (dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide). Thus, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) form stable complexes with hydrophobic drugs and dyes. These drugs and dyes are successfully released into cells [9

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• death. Autophagy has been determined to be a potential mechanism of nanotoxicity [9][66]. However, few studies have described the relationship between neurotoxicity and nanomaterials. It was revealed that gold nanoparticles can increase the levels of autophagy-related proteins in human lung fibroblasts

Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles

• Julia A. Burunkova,
• Ihor Yu. Denisiuk,
• Dmitri I. Zhuk,
• Lajos Daroczi,
• Attila Csik,
• István Csarnovics and
• Sándor Kokenyesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55

• , suitable for direct, light-induced formation of photonic elements. Introduction of preformed gold nanoparticles in such a nanocomposite was also performed and an enhancement of luminescence due to the influence of plasmon effects was detected. Keywords: gold nanoparticles; luminescence; optical materials

• chlorides [9] for the fabrication of Er/Yb oxide nanoparticles with defined parameters and without agglomeration, and the fabrication of optically transparent nanocomposites on their basis in selected polymer matrices with tunable luminescent parameters. Introduction of preformed gold nanoparticles and

• nanocomposites with Er and Yb oxides and gold nanoparticles On the basis of the described synthesis, optically transparent colorless or deep-reddish monomer nanocomposites were obtained (Table 2). After the UV-curing of the monomer layer placed between substrate and cover we obtained colorless (without AuNPs) or

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• fields. Such magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with DNR were reported to induce apoptosis of cancer cell lines [11][12]. Other examples of nanoparticles include titanium dioxide (TiO2) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [13][14]. In the latter case the nanoparticles were also modified with aptamer – single

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• scanning probe microscopy [75][81][91], a crosslinker for the creation of arrays of gold nanoparticles, and to anchor several active tail molecules as complex ligands [79][80], fullerenes [77][78][92], rotaxanes [93], pseudorotaxanes and artificial molecular rotors [94][95][96][97] to the surface. Although

• thermal stability of these SAMs than those derived from monodentate and bidentate adsorbates as revealed by preliminary studies at elevated temperatures using ellipsometry [102]. Later systematic studies of both thiol-functionalized flat gold surfaces and colloidal gold nanoparticles approved that the

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are applied to monitor the time-dependent development of gold nanoparticles for up to 40 hours. Some vegetative cells (VC) are filled with nanoparticles within minutes, while the extracellular polymeric

• nanoparticles are found to be located along the thylakoid membranes. Keywords: biosynthesis; gold nanoparticles; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); X-ray powder diffraction (XRD); Introduction Precious metallic nanoparticles are of steadily increasing interest

• these advantages still little is known about non-hazardous cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors for the production of nanoparticles. Brayner et al. showed that gold nanoparticles are enriched around heterocysts for Anabaena flos-aquae strain ALCP B24 from the culture collection of MNHN (Muséum

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• methods such as printing and roll-to-roll techniques, are ideal for the development of flexible devices for energy generation and storage – the key to the portable electronics of the future. Keywords: carbon; carbon nanotubes; current collector; energy; fullerenes; gold nanoparticles; graphene

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) directly on the surface of nanostructured ZnO powders, previously synthesized through a sol–gel process. The effect of thermal annealing temperatures (300 and 550 °C) on chemical, morphological, and structural properties of pristine and Au-doped ZnO nancomposites (Au

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• SERS effect has been demonstrated to be strictly dependent on the gap distance of adjacent nanostructures, commonly termed "hot spots", and many different approaches have been proposed for their production. Early methods rely on the random aggregation of silver or gold nanoparticles induced by a salt

Chemiresistive/SERS dual sensor based on densely packed gold nanoparticles

• Sanda Boca,
• Cosmin Leordean,
• Simion Astilean and
• Cosmin Farcau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2498–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.259

• which molecules are optically detected according to their vibrational spectroscopic fingerprint. Despite different concepts are involved, one can find in the literature examples from both categories reporting sensors made of gold nanoparticles. The same building blocks appear because both sensor classes

• share a common principle: nanometric interparticle gaps are needed, for electron tunneling in chemiresistors, and for enhancing electromagnetic fields by plasmon coupling in SERS-based sensors. By exploiting such nano-gaps in self-assembled films of gold nanoparticles, we demonstrate the proof of

• concept of a dual electrical/optical sensor, with both chemiresistive and SERS capabilities. The proposed device is realized by self-assembling 15 nm gold nanoparticles into few micrometers-wide strips across commercially available interdigitated electrodes. The dual-mode operation of the device is

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• of Oman Functional Materials Division, School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Isafjordsgatan 22, SE-164 40 Kista Stockholm, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.6.242 Abstract The self-organization of monolayer gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on 3

• are fundamentally important and also can be applied for designing and modelling of surface plasmon resonance based sensor applications. Keywords: 3-aminopropyletriethoxysilane; electrostatic interaction; functionalization; gold nanoparticles; self-assembled monolayer; self-organization; Introduction

• deposition of APTES molecules [7]. Thus, NH2-terminated APTES deposition on any substrate is extremely important for further surface modification. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique physical, chemical and electrical properties that differ from the bulk due to the quantum confinement effects in small

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds by incorporating ligand-free hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into biodegradable polymer scaffolds and release studies

• Balazs Farkas,
• Marina Rodio,
• Ilaria Romano,
• Alberto Diaspro,
• Romuald Intartaglia and
• Szabolcs Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2217–2223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.227

• achieved for the most crucial first two weeks of the healing process. Experimental Poly(propylene fumarate) Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) has been chosen as the carrier for the HA nanoparticles following our previous success with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) [19]. PPF itself is a versatile synthetic

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• the electrooxidation of the pyrrole monomer in the presence of colloidal gold nanoparticles, referred to as trapping method (T), and the second one by electrodeposition of both components from one solution containing the monomer and a gold salt, referred to as cogeneration method (C). In both cases

• , electrodeposition was carried out through galvanostatic and potentiostatic methods and using platinum (Pt) or stainless steel (SS) as substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that in all cases gold nanoparticles of similar size were uniformly dispersed in the Ppy matrix. The amount of AuNPs

• effects are not so pronounced on stainless steel, but acceptable LOD are attained with lower price sensors. Keywords: catechol; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); polypyrrole; Introduction Polypyrrole (Ppy) is one of the most extensively studied, conducting polymers

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• structured with cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles (cfAuNPs) and we show its applications in immunosensing and enzyme-based detection. The electrochemical reduction of Au(III) allows for the electrodeposition of highly dispersed cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles on the surface of screen-printed carbon

• pertaining to enzymatic kinetics studies. The levels of hIgG in human serum and H2O2 in honey were successfully determined and served as assessment tools of the applicability of the platforms for real samples analysis. Keywords: cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles; enzymatic detection; IgG sensing

• concentrations of, e.g., biologically active analytes and disease-related biomarkers [9][10]. Many electrochemical biosensors use ferrocene to transduce the biological reactions into readily measurable electrical signals [11][12]. For instance, Chen and Diao developed a glucose biosensor using gold nanoparticles

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• association of a 105-member library of surface-modified gold nanoparticles (see Figure 3). 785 distinct serum proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, from which 129 were suitable for relative quantification. The fingerprint of serum proteins was defined by the relative abundance of each protein on a

Scalable, high performance, enzymatic cathodes based on nanoimprint lithography

• Dmitry Pankratov,
• Richard Sundberg,
• Javier Sotres,
• Dmitry B. Suyatin,
• Ivan Maximov,
• Sergey Shleev and
• Lars Montelius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1377–1384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.142

• found to be equal to 27 s−1. It appears that the heterogeneous electron transfer rate for the adsorbed BOx does not depend on electrode nanostructuring. These results are in excellent agreement with our previously published data concerning the influence of gold nanoparticles on enzymatic bio

Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid

• Ziren Yan,
• Ying Wu and
• Junwei Di

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.140

• . 16%) [31]. A slow reaction could avoid the removal of the nanocages from the solid substrate. The gaseous product of the reaction may be the force to move the nanoparticles and the affinity between the gold nanoparticles may be the driving force of the chain formation. However, the details of the

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• Simon Ristig Svitlana Chernousova Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika Matthias Epple Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.6.124 Abstract Alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles were prepared in nine different

• ) showed spherical, monodisperse, colloidally stable silver–gold nanoparticles of ≈7 nm diameter with measured molar metal compositions very close to the theoretical values. The examination of the nanoparticle cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) showed that the toxicity

• scientific studies due to their distinct physicochemical properties [1][2]. Apart from their catalytic and optical features, in particular, silver and gold nanoparticles have begun to play a major role in biochemistry, biology and medicine [3][4][5]. Silver nanoparticles are known to be highly toxic towards

Improved optical limiting performance of laser-ablation-generated metal nanoparticles due to silica-microsphere-induced local field enhancement

• Zheren Du,
• Lianwei Chen,
• Tsung-Sheng Kao,
• Mengxue Wu and
• Minghui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1199–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.122

• was believed to be due to nonlinear scattering. Polavarapu et al. [21] have shown that nonlinear absorption was not significant for the gold nanoparticles in water. At low laser fluence, the nanoparticle dispersion is almost transparent to the laser light and thus the laser light exhibits a linear

• threshold is about 1.6 J/cm2. Hence, by adding the silica microspheres, the optical limiting threshold is lowered by 4.6 J/cm2. Figure 3b shows the normalized nonlinear transmittance of the samples (gold nanoparticles and gold/silica nanocomposites) upon excitation with ns laser pulses at 1064 nm. The input

• nanoparticle dispersion is almost transparent upon illumination by laser light at low laser fluence. (b) The optical limiting effect of the nanoparticles appears when microbubbles are formed at high laser fluence. Optical limiting (OL) response and normalized transmittance curves of (a,b) gold nanoparticles

Patterning technique for gold nanoparticles on substrates using a focused electron beam

• Takahiro Noriki,
• Shogo Abe,
• Kotaro Kajikawa and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1010–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.104

• , Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.6.104 Abstract We propose a novel patterning technique for gold nanoparticles on substrates that combines a chemical reaction with electron beam irradiation. First, gold nanoparticles are placed in a two-dimensional arrangement on the substrate. Then

• , particular nanoparticles are fixed on the substrate by irradiation with a focused electron beam to produce a desired pattern. Finally, the unfixed nanoparticles are removed. Using this technique, an array of gold nanoparticles, for example, in the form of a line or patterned over an area, are prepared on the

• substrate. This technique could contribute to the fabrication of plasmonic devices and other applications that require the controlled placement of gold nanoparticles on substrates. Keywords: electron beam; gold; nanoparticle array; Introduction Plasmonic waveguides and circuits utilizing localized surface