Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• to the modulation of the h-BN/Cu(111) interface state as we will show below. Despite the large change in electronic density of states and, thus, tip height between the data obtained at the two different sample biases, we observe a one-to-one correspondence between the simultaneously recorded Δf

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• +, consistent with the interpretation that nanoceria dissolution occurs at the solid–liquid interface [14]. Cerium ions may then complex with phosphate. Nanoceria dissolution is pH-dependent ([14][39][70] and Figure 11). Nanoceria dissolution presumably results from an interaction between the hydrogen ion and

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• Tübingen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.39 Abstract We study interface properties of CoPcFx and FePcFx (x = 0 or 16) on niobium-doped SrTiO3(100) surfaces using mainly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. For all studied molecules, a rather complex, bidirectional charge

• surfaces (e.g., (110) and (100)). In particular due to the presence of both Ti4+ and O2− ions in the topmost layer of STO we may expect differences regarding molecule–oxide interactions. The present study investigates interface interactions between different STO(100) surfaces and organic molecules. The

• properties. Hence, TMPcs are well suited for systematic studies of interface properties. The fluorination of TMPcs varies exceptionally the ionization potential (IP), affecting distinctly the interface properties [29][30][31][32]. As recently shown for FePcFx/MoS2 [33], a charge transfer at interfaces might

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• the EIS spectrum is related to the charge-transfer resistance at the electrode–electrolyte interface [71]. The EIS arc radius of Cl-PCN is smaller than that of PCN. Its impedance is reduced compared to PCN, indicating that Cl doping decreased the charge-transfer resistance of polymeric carbon nitride

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• increased dephasing of the plasmons at the Au@Pt+Ag+ interface broadens the longitudinal LSPR band [32]. For the formation of dumbbell-like Au@Pt NRs, two main mechanisms have been proposed analogous to the formation of AuNRs. One reason is underpotential deposition (UPD) of Ag+, which gets reduced to Ag0

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• contrast, on hexagonal (111) oriented metal surfaces, alkali halides were reported to arrange in cubic islands [31][32][33]. Sometimes, they exhibit a moiré pattern, for example, as a result of the incommensurate growth in the system of NaCl/Cu(111) [34]. Furthermore, considering the interface of alkali

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• V, corresponding to electrolyte decomposition and the resulting formation of a solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer [14][15][19][20][21][26][28][29][30][31][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][52]. In turn, the following discharge profiles slightly differ from the initial one. They are much shorter

• Information File 1. These EIS features represent the charge transfer at the electrode–electrolyte interface (Rct) and the Warburg impedance (W), which is attributed to the diffusion of Li+ ions in the bulk electrode material [25][38]. The plots for the cycled cell are slightly different. They are composed of

• represent the charge transfer at the electrode–electrolyte interface (Rct) and the Warburg impedance (W), respectively. The semicircle at high frequencies is mainly attributed to SEI resistance (RSEI) and contact resistance (Rf) [13][15][20][21][25][38]. At this point, it should be also mentioned that the

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• controlled by the interplay between contributions from the relevant surface and interface energies, Es, and the energy variations due to the elastic relaxation, Er [34]. The sum of these two energy terms, E = Es + Er, represents the total increment of the island energy. In this scenario, the transition from

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• , which leads to a rapid electron transfer from the surface reaction of the target gas with the MOS to the electrodes [35]. Additionally, MOS and graphene can form junctions at their interface. For example, p–p homojunctions can be formed between NiO and rGO to increase the gas sensing responsivity and

• the conduction band toward the valence band. Processes on the WO3 surface make it possible for the work function of WO3 to lower to a point close to that of rGO [37]. The latter facilitates transfer of electrons at the rGO/WO3 interface. The continuous capture of electrons by chemisorption of NO2

• particles with a semiconductor. In accordance with the literature data, the role of nickel in increasing the sensory sensitivity is most likely associated with the spillover effect [60][61]. When interacting with a gas atom, the barrier height at the Ni/rGO interface decreases due to this effect (the

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• pattern geometries, especially with curved edges, the available features of commercial patterning control software are not sufficient to even create the corresponding adapted beam paths. To address these issues, we developed the pattern generation toolbox FIB-o-mat with a Python interface. FIB-o-mat

• an application programming interface (API) or patterning options of the manufacturer, large-area patterning can be automated by FIB-o-mat. Another interesting approach for the automation of small and regularly arranged patterns makes use of the pitch in high-level patterns [31]. When setting the

• patterning without affecting the topography of the films [32]. The local modification of the magnetic properties, in particular anisotropy and exchange coupling (including the chiral Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction), originates from structural modifications, such as interface structure, atomic ordering

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• adhesion interface areas are desired. Regarding this, a variety of surface coatings was assessed. Relevant parameters may be the zeta potential and pre-adsorbed cell adhesion proteins from the serum of the medium [4][10]. Before osteoblasts start the adhesion and spreading programs, they settle on the

• surface of the material. Apart from cell biologic parameters, the adhesion interface area and the speed of its formation provide insights concerning the biocompatibility of the surface with regard to osteoblastic cells [11]. Dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton is the basis for shape adaptation and

• 500 nm. However, the dimensions and the extent of polarity vary among different cells (not shown). With time, the adhesion interface increases and polarity gets less distinct. Furthermore, the cell exhibits a pronounced elevation of apparently 2 µm with a width of 1 µm (see blue graph in Figure 1b

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• scanning probe microscopes [1][2][3]. At the same time, however, metallic substrates usually influence the properties of adsorbed molecular species, leading to hybridization, charge transfer, or screening at the interface [4][5][6]. Also, metallic surfaces may provide relatively weak binding, dominated by

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• with perfect pattern detection accuracies of 100% and 98%, respectively. Keywords: electrooculography (EOG); flexible electronics; graphene; human–computer interaction (HCI); human–machine interface (HMI); personal assistive device (PAD); wearable smart textile; Introduction Eye tracking technologies

• 11.6 kΩ (at 1 kHz). Additionally, since the operation of the textile electrodes relies on charge flow, moisture and sweat can increase the interface conductivity of the skin electrodes and provide an even better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in long-term monitoring applications in contrast to “wet

• , two resistors, and one capacitor. A small-sized printed circuit board (ca. 0.9 × 1.3 cm) was designed and implemented to demonstrate a proof of concept. It allowed for robust integration and an electrical interface between the buffer-circuit components and the graphene textiles to form “active

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• power sources or self-powering strategies. Chen et al. showed the construction of origami P-TENGs as a self-powered paper interface (SPIN) to harvest mechanical energy from contact–separation movements [132] (Figure 6b). The SPIN unit is made of copper tape electrodes, PTFE, and nylon sheet friction

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• ). The α coefficient map and its average profile differ slightly from the topographic information, but some correspondences are identified. Thicker regions have a smaller α coefficient, as can be seen at the wing–resin interface (Figure 5b). There seems to be a correlation between topography (Figure 5a

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• Necrotic Mosaic Virus (RCNMV), and Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus (TYMV) may also be used for the synthesis of Ag nanostructures [272]. The AgNPs can be synthesized either inside the viral template, within the interface, or on the outer surface [272]. In one of the early works, Dujardin et al. [261

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• voltammogram of the sample resembled that of pure FTO, indicating that a significant charge transfer occurred at the electrolyte solution/FTO interface. The blocking properties of a 17 nm thick Al2O3 film after a 5 min exposure to 1 M NaOH were evaluated via EPA calculation and shown in Table 1. A 5 min

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• filaments joining adjacent microvilli” at high magnification. Tsuji et al. investigated the alteration of endothelium and podocytes during progressing glumerulopathy in Col4a3 (Alport syndrome) mice [73]. HIM was used to visualise the podocyte and endothelial interface, which, in contrast to previously

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• perpendicular to the graphene plane positioned at 3.1 eV (sp2-hybridized carbon network) [34]. These features can be clearly seen in Figure 6. A work function identification of MnFe2O4/MWCNTs is needed to better understand the electronic structure and the interaction between MWCNTs and MnFe2O4 at the interface

Towards 3D self-assembled rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures by spontaneous peel off

• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1865–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.168

• off is not observed when no compositional change is induced (i.e., if only undoped or nitrogen-doped MWCNTs are synthesized [21]). The peeling off seems to happen preferentially at a Nx/Cx+1 interface, which is weaker and less continuous than a Cx/Nx+1 interface, as we recently documented [16] and as

• , there is a wavy, a straight, and another wavy section. This sequential changes in the morphology is in agreement with the synthesis sequence used. The interface between the expected N2 and C3 sections is marked by a brighter line. Raman spectra of undoped MWCNTs and nitrogen-doped MWCNTs are

• same structures at the bottom of the CNT forest, although clear structures related to Fe nanoparticles are observed at the N1/C2 interface (see discussion below Figure 4). This confirms that creating a N1/C2 interface is challenging. It is established that the inner diameter of MWCNTs increases with

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• acquisition of the STIM data and the external scan generator are controlled by a LabView interface based on an earlier implementation used for ToF-SIMS in the HIM [14]. The program allows for the generation of sample images in which the gray value, or color, of each pixel is assigned based upon the strength

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• ), , , and Plm are along the negative direction of the c-axis. That is, the positive polarization charges are gathered on the −c plane whereas the negative polarization charges are generated on the +c plane. At the heterojunction interface, the positive polarization charge on the bottom surface of AlGaN

• couples with the negative polarization charge on the top surface of GaN, resulting in a positive net polarization charge. This results in the attraction of free electrons in the GaN layer, which gather on the GaN side and form a 2DEG [4]. The 2DEG at the heterojunction interface has a higher electron

• piezoelectric polarization along the negative direction of the c axis, which resulted in a negative piezoelectric charge on the +c-plane of the GaN layer. The corresponding net polarization charge at the heterojunction interface decreases, resulting in a decrease in the density of the 2DEG. Therefore, as the

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• photodegradation activity. Charge transfer between mSiO2@NiPS and TiO2 led to a faster charge-carrier separation and transportation at the interface, improving the photoactivity. The photocatalytic results showed that the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance with a methyl violet

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• structure. As shown in the inset of Figure 2d, the main diffraction peaks of the Ni–Fe PBA precursor are consistent with the standard patterns of Ni3[Fe(CN)6]2 (JCPDS: 51-1897). During a hydrothermal pretreatment, the ion-exchange reaction of OH−/[Fe(CN)6]3− occurred at the interface between NiFe-PBA cubes

• as high as that of NiFe@NC/PPC at the same current density [40]. This is probably due to the synergistic effects between NiFe alloy, transition carbides, and N-doped carbon materials. Akhtar et al. [29] suggested that the presence of Ni and electron-rich nanointerfaces across the Ni–Ni3C interface

• activity. In this work, during hydrothermal pretreatment, the ion-exchange reaction of OH−/[Fe(CN)6]3− occurred at the interface between NiFe-PBA cubes and NaOH solution, resulting in Ni(OH)2/NiFe-PBA core–shell structure [44][45][46]. During the calcination process, Ni(OH)2 was converted to NiCx, and the

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• system is not perfectly flat. The surface has noticeable irregularities that penetrate into adjacent layers. The figures also show that there is a mutual penetration of one contact layer into another. Therefore, the layer interface has a certain quantifiable thickness. It should be noted that the atomic

• structure of each layer does not form an ideal single crystal, but rather a polycrystalline system is formed. The influence of the interface quality on the spin valve functionality is an especially important issue, which has been experimentally investigated in previous works [16][17][18][19] where the

• quantum-mechanical transparency of the interface, TF, was assigned. Here, they considered the effect of the mutual solubility of the metals (of a superconductor and a ferromagnet) on the quantum-mechanical transparency. The transparency parameter of the interface for completely non-wetting metals, such as