A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• work, we account for this by considering the neuron cell operation in a quantum regime. We investigate the dynamics of this cell in search of conditions that provide the required sigmoid activation function (conversion of the input magnetic flux into the average output current), suitable for the

• the dynamics of the neuron. The range of the operating parameters for the proposed neuron circuit under the action of unipolar magnetic flux pulses is found. Finally, the influence of the dissipation on the features of the dynamic processes and characteristics of the cell is revealed. Methods Neuron

• in [46] when considering the classical mode of this system. Inductances are normalized to (2πIc/Φ0), where Ic is the critical current of the Josephson junction and Φ0 is the magnetic flux quantum. The inertial properties of the system are due to the junction capacitance, which, along with the

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• -dimensional free convective hybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4 + MWCNT/H2O) stream over a resilient cylinder under the influence of a light magnetic field. The heat transportation problem was resolved by combining two methods (FEM and FVM) and an understanding that the temperature near the wall escalated due to an

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• Cristian Radu Ioana D. Vlaicu Andrei C. Kuncser National Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele, Romania Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.13.51 Abstract A new methodology to obtain magnetic information on magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) systems via

• developed in order to increase the reliability of the correlations between morphology and magnetism. Using the Magn3t software, the magnetic shape anisotropy magnitude and direction of magnetite nanoparticles has been extracted for the first time directly from transmission electron tomography. Keywords

• information becomes more important due to the potential presence of low-dimensionality effects. In the case of magnetic nanoscale systems, a complete knowledge of morphology is even more important because the configuration of magnetic moments in the system strongly depends on shape and size, through the shape

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• crosslinking in inverse miniemulsion by modification of an earlier procedure [24]. Briefly, PHEG-Tyr (0.18 g) was dissolved in Q-H2O (4 g) in a round-bottom glass flask for 24 h at room temperature under magnetic stirring. Then, HRP (0.450 mg) was dissolved in Q-H2O (0.32 g) and added to the PHEG-Tyr aqueous

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• prepared by heating at 70 °C while stirring the solution with a magnetic stirrer (IKA-Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Staufen, Germany). Microneedles were prepared via a two-layer centrifugation method, as shown in Figure 1. Briefly, 10 mg CIP and 9 g of aqueous 20% w/w PVA/60% w/w PVP (9:1 weight ratio) or 9 g of 20

• % w/w PVA alone were stirred using a magnetic stirrer at 70 °C. Next, the mixture of CIP and PVA or PVA/PVP was centrifuged at 145g for 5 min (Eppendorf Centrifuge 5804, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) to remove the air bubbles. The resulting mixture was then poured into 14 × 14, poly(dimethylsiloxane

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• suitable amount of PVP was dissolved in 3 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, and P407 was dissolved in 2 mL of the same solvent. After obtaining the individual dispersions, the P407 was poured onto the PVP, magnetically stirred for 10 min, and this mixture was poured onto the PVA under magnetic stirring for

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• dialysis membrane which was mounted between the donor and receptor compartments. Six different EGCG-loaded ETH suspensions (1 mL) were placed in the donor compartment. The receptor compartment contained 2.5 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and was constantly stirred by a magnetic stirrer. The sink condition

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• well as the energy of the incident light [36]. Moreover, the substrates could be used after several recycling cycles and presented similar EFs as the fresh ones. Other methods for recycling the ZnO-based nanosubstrates include thermal treatment and magnetic separation. These benefits indicate that the

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• Figure 1b), with a Gaussian-like activation function. It consists of two identical Josephson junctions JJ1 and JJ2 in the shoulders with input inductances, L, and output inductance Lout. It is also used to set an additional bias magnetic flux, Φb. Flux biasing is used to provide a suitable transfer

• of motion were obtained in terms of half-sum and half-difference of Josephson phases φ1, φ2 (θ = (φ1 + φ2)/2 and ψ = (φ1 − φ2)/2), a detailed derivation of the equations is given in the Appendix section: The output magnetic flux obeys the following equation: Figure 2a,b shows the families of transfer

• seen that the shape of the response meets the requirements; in addition, it can be adjusted using a bias magnetic flux φb. An important feature of the system is that it also allows for non-volatile tuning with memory using tunable inductances l and lout, see Figure 2c–e. Estimations for different

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• concentration range of 350–800 µM, and 100 µM for the concentration range of 900–1800 µM. The measurement was carried out with constant stirring using a magnetic stirrer. Interference study A constant voltage U = −0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl was applied to the cell and the current was measured. As buffer solution 0.1 M

• cycle was repeated two times. The measurement was carried out with constant stirring using a magnetic stirrer. Real sample study To demonstrate the possibility of practical application of the obtained nanostructured electrodes for the analysis of real samples, samples of ultrahigh-temperature processed

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• maleilated chitosan hydrogel containing micro-/nanoparticles of methacrylated silk fibroin, a natural fibrous protein mimicking the collagen structure, improved the mechanical properties of nanocomposites fabricated for cartilage TE [60]. The development of a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel from poly(vinyl

• alcohol) (PVA), nanoscale hydroxyapatite, and magnetic NPs (Fe2O3) has also shown that the incorporation of NPs enhances the mechanical properties of the scaffold and regulates the behavior of cells seeded in the nanocomposites [61]. A magnetic hydrogel-based nanocomposite can provide a promising scaffold

• for cartilage tissue regeneration because it can respond to external magnetic fields and specifically relocate to the defective cartilage to resurface the injured site [62]. Initial OA is a slow, complex process characterized by the inflammation and subsequent production of cartilage degradation

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• density, and the configuration of the magnetron magnetic field (balanced/unbalanced). The geometry of the deposition apparatus, that is, how the substrates are arranged inside the vacuum chamber with respect to the sputtering source, also plays an important role. Among other things, it is possible to

• interaction of charged particles (mainly electrons that escape from the magnetic trap directly over pole pieces) with the growing film. Using on-axis geometry, it was found that secondary electrons emitted from the target and negative oxygen ions influence the texture of the growing AZO film and decrease its

• sputtering source, suitable for sputtering targets with a diameter of 100 mm, was installed in the vacuum chamber (Figure 1). The magnetron uses a standard circular magnetic system based on NdFeB magnets (internal N pole and external S pole) that ensures the operation in the balanced mode. A mixture of

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• .13.28 Abstract We have investigated the low-temperature magnetoresistive properties of a thin epitaxial Pd0.92Fe0.08 film at different directions of the current and the applied magnetic field. The obtained experimental results are well described within an assumption of a single-domain magnetic state of

• . Its magnetic configuration diagram has been constructed and the conditions have been determined for a controllable switching between stable parallel, orthogonal, and antiparallel arrangements of magnetic moments of the layers. Keywords: anisotropic magnetoresistance; magnetization reversal; Pd–Fe

• alloy; thin epitaxial film; Introduction The generation of the long-range triplet component of the superconducting pairing at noncollinear orientations of magnetization in ferromagnetic layered systems is extensively studied in the framework of magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) ([1][2][3] for early

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• consideration. As a result, making use of the microscopic effective action analysis [17][18][22] we arrive at the following Hamiltonian that includes both electric and magnetic energies of our superconducting nanowires [23][24] where x denotes the coordinate along the nanowires, (Cm < C1,2) are the inductance

• relation and are linked to the charge density and the phase operators and as Physically, represents the magnetic flux operator, while the operator is proportional to that for the total charge that has passed through the point x of the i-th wire up to the same time moment t, that is, As we already

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• circular copper target (99.995%). All three targets were sputtered simultaneously in an oxygen atmosphere of 99.999% purity. The targets used in the process were 28.5 mm in diameter and their thickness was 3 mm. The process uses magnetrons with an unbalanced magnetic field set in a confocal configuration

• vs the substrate. The target–substrate distance was 14 cm. The unbalanced magnetic configuration system was applied. Before the deposition process, the working chamber was pumped to a base pressure of 10−3 Pa. Thin films were sputtered without additional intentional heating of the substrates during

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• MRI imaging, targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia therapy [8][9]. Hyperthermia therapy can be achieved by using either magnetic fields or NIR irradiation. Application of an external alternating magnetic field on these nanoparticles leads to the production of heat to mediate magnetic hyperthermia

• , whereas exposure to and subsequent absorption of NIR light by iron oxide nanoparticles promotes NIR-induced hyperthermia [10]. Although magnetic hyperthermia has been widely used in biomedical research, it is subject to several limitations such as the need for sophisticated equipment, cellular confinement

• and lower hyperthermia efficiency [11]. Indeed, other researchers find that the temperature increase by magnetic hyperthermia is much lower than that of NIR-induced heating, presumably due to the coating layers needed for biological dispersion [12]. Yu et al. first discovered strong photothermal

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• reaction at 85 °C in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tubes (volume approx. 0.2 mL). The size analysis suggests that the NPs are (a) 1.6 ± 0.4 nm and (b) 1.7 ± 0.3 nm. The size distribution is presented in (c) from the analysis of 103 and 106 NPs, respectively. PDFs obtained from three different syntheses

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• their use as a matrix for immobilizing enzymes for maintaining their biocatalytic activity for a longer duration [16]. Chen et al. describe the use of TiO2 as a molecular sieve by designing flower-like microspheres consisting of a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a hierarchical mesoporous and macroporous TiO2

• hindrance inside the tubular structure. This stage of drug release is known as sustained release. The controlled release of drugs is triggered by various external or internal stimuli. Changes in pH value, redox reactions, and enzyme activity are internal stimuli, while light, magnetic fields, and ultrasound

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• magnetic fibers by dispersing garnet nanoparticles for magnetically assisted bioseparation [10] and also they developed bandages of 165Ho iron garnet nanoparticles incorporated in electrospun PAN to be used against skin cancers [11]. Bugatti and co-workers developed an antimicrobial electrospun hybrid

• acid (DTPA)-modified CS membranes electrospun in combination with PEO [60]. The maximum adsorption capacities according to the Langmuir model were found to be 177, 142, and 56 mg/g for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+, respectively. Li and co-workers reported on an electrospun magnetic fluorescence nanofiber

• gravity-driven oil separation through the membrane was fast with a separation efficiency greater than 99% [71]. Jiang et al. fabricated a PVDF/PS magnetic nanofibrous membrane by selective inclusion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in PS via a two-nozzle electrospinning process (Figure 3). Integration of magnetic

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• theranostic nanomaterials, PAMAM and PEI were frequently coupled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for drug/gene delivery combined with magnetic resonance imaging [31][32]. Usually, these systems were conjugated with other fluorescent tags for optical detection of nanoparticles in cells

• cancer [39][40]. Besides, SPIONs are already in the clinic as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents and SPION@bPEI nanoparticles have a strong T2 signal (the signal that reflects the length of time it takes for the MR signal to decay in the transverse plane) [35]. In recent years, there has been a

• growing demand for a combination of different imaging modalities to improve the detection limit and to provide image-guided therapies [41][42]. Both MRI and optical imaging are noninvasive imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging provides high spatial resolution but lacks sensitivity. Optical

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• , Universitätsstraße 1, 86135 Augsburg, Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.13.5 Abstract We present a microscopic magnetic domain imaging study of single-shot all-optical magnetic toggle switching of a ferrimagnetic Gd26Fe74

• film with out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoelectron emission microscopy. Individual linearly polarized laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength and 100 fs duration above a certain threshold fluence reverse the sample magnetization, independent of the

• magnetization direction, the so-called toggle switching. Local deviations from this deterministic behavior close to magnetic domain walls are studied in detail. Reasons for nondeterministic toggle switching are related to extrinsic effects, caused by pulse-to-pulse variations of the exciting laser system, and

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• the target, to generate a magnetic field in the target vicinity thus promoting magnetron sputtering (MS) cathode systems. Typical MS cathodes consist of a magnet placed at the center of the target and magnets with opposite poles on the target periphery. This configuration is schematically presented in

• ) or to perform co-sputtering with two alloy targets to deposit coatings containing, for instance, four different elements. Industrial-sized coaters, especially in the optical coating industry, rely on several meter-long rotating cylindrical targets [32]. In MS configuration, the combined magnetic and

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• possibility to tune the magnetic anisotropy of a single porphyrin molecule by perturbing its ligand field with the STM probe [39][40]. These results not only suggest the importance of future manipulations experiments, but also shed new lights into the potential of decoupling atoms and molecules electronically

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
• Nikolai A. Usov and
• Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

• an alternating magnetic field of moderate frequency, f = 300 kHz, and amplitude H0 = 100–200 Oe is shown to decrease significantly with an increase in the aspect ratio of nanoparticles. In addition, there is a narrowing and shift of the intervals of optimal particle diameters towards smaller particle

• sizes. However, the orientation of a dilute assembly of elongated nanoparticles in a magnetic field leads to an almost twofold increase in SAR at the same frequency and amplitude of the alternating magnetic field, the range of optimal particle diameters remaining unchanged. The effect of the magneto

• of magnitude with an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles in a cluster in the range of 0.04–0.2. Keywords: elongated magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic hyperthermia; numerical simulation; specific absorption rate; Introduction Magnetic nanoparticle assemblies have great potential for the

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• [6]. In another theoretical work, a Cr@Ge10 nanocluster was shown to be a candidate for a transition metal-doped magnetic superatom [7], which behaves as if it was one atom. Unique magnetic properties have been found in diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) alloys [8]. Silicon and/or germanium are a

• their magnetic defects and their interactions with charge carriers. Antiferromagnetic clusters in CrGe NWs were investigated using electron spin resonance. Spin–orbit interaction between charge carriers and magnetic defects were studied [9]. Cr/Ge nanotowers as a dilute magnetic semiconductor were

• prepared, too. Magnetic properties were measured and the growth mechanism was discussed [10]. The formation of Cr/Ge nanoparticles during the epitaxial growth of Cr/Ge films and their magnetic properties were studied to understand the ferromagnetic semiconductor behavior [11]. In this work, we made an