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Search for "membrane" in Full Text gives 545 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68
- stiffer particles is explained by a lower energy needed to engulf them as demonstrated by coarse grain simulations [6]. The simulations showed a faster receptor binding for more deformable particles due to the larger surface area upon deformation. However, when it comes to membrane wrapping and
- ]. Contrarily, nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer with cores of different crosslinking extent showed higher uptake of softer particles in MCF-7 cells, which was thought to be due to a melting process of particles with the cell membrane that consumed less energy than endocytosis [8]. Regarding the in vivo
A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65
- activities at the electrode surface, potentially leading to the fabrication of nonenzymatic electrochemical nanosensors for detecting specific OPs on the electroactive surface [2][11][17][18][19]. For example, electrochemical sensing platforms modified with zirconia-embedded PEDOT membrane, graphene
Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O2 batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61
- deionized water by horn sonication for 1 h. The suspension was filtered through a glass-fiber membrane (pore diameter of 1.2 μm) without any polymeric binder and conductive agent. The active area and mass loading of the cathode were 0.785 cm2 and 1.0 mg·cm−2, respectively. Porous Ni foam was placed on the
Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56
- bacterial cell membrane and inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and DNA [15]. Chu et al. [16] reported that BBR showed no antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the range of concentrations from 1 to 64 µg/mL. However, inhibition of MRSA biofilm formation was
- ratio facilitate interaction and absorption onto the bacterial cell membrane given the benefit of nanoscale size. According to previous studies, BBR can penetrate the phospholipid bilayers and then accumulate in the MRSA cell membrane, in which unsaturated fatty acids are the target of BBR-induced
A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51
- Figure 5g and points out that, on average, the nanoparticles are in the natural orientation, that is, the c-axis is close to the c-membrane plane. Starting from the c/a and b/a axis distributions provided by Magn3t, the demagnetization factors and the shape anisotropy energy [33][34] have been evaluated
Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47
- exhibit greater flexibility [26]. The morphological imaging on the micro-/nanoscale of the cell membrane in extracellular environments with different stiffness values is shown in Figure 3c. The leading edge of the PC-3 cell membrane on stiff substrates is prominent, with a more pronounced ridge-like
- imaging of the cell membrane. We observed that prostate cancer cells exhibit a strong migration ability by sensing changes in the extracellular environment through actin polymerization and filamentous pseudopods. This is because the role of actin polymerisation in cell adhesion structure formation
- lower compartment of the transwell chamber had culture medium supplemented with serum. After incubation for 24 h, cells in the upper wells that did not invade were gently removed with cotton swabs. Cells that had passed through the membrane to the lower surface were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15
Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46
- (–NH2), and carboxyl (–COOH) groups [11][12][13][14]. The surface of GNPs can be easily modified with good stability. Thus, they can penetrate the cell membrane and selectively interact with target biomolecules in cells [15][16][17][18]. So far, a variety of functionalized GNPs, whose properties were
Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41
- peroxides and free oxygen radicals increase. Damage to phospholipids, which contain large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to degradation by hydroxyl radicals, deteriorates the structure of the cell membrane [3]. Antioxidants are compounds that capture and stabilize free radicals and
- hydroethanolic solution (30% v/v) and ethosomal formulations were not toxic to the cells and can be safely used. It has been stated in many studies that ETHs and other phospholipid-based carrier systems were not cytotoxic due to their similarity to the cell membrane structure. For our active substance EGCG, the
- compared to the orally administered groups. In vivo study data also highlighted the improved antioxidant effect of green tea extract with transdermal application. The results support our findings that the ethosomal formulations are successful in penetrating the lipid-rich biological membrane [39
The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36
- these, proton-conducting solid materials show significant potential in the development of novel membranes for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, PEM electrolyzers, and for humidity sensors [5][6][7]. The goal is to overcome the restrictions of state-of-the-art proton-conducting membrane
Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33
- : biomimetics; cuticle; locust; material properties; mechanical testing; nanoindentation; water content; Introduction Cuticle is a lightweight material that forms the whole exoskeleton of insects, from the flexible intersegmental membrane to the stiff jaws and claws. Cuticle of each insect body part has
Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32
- was more than 50 times. The combination of flexible valves and PDMS microchannels optimizes the optical transparency and durability of microvalves. A pneumatically coupled graphene membrane pump was designed by Davidovikj et al. [78], which is selectively permeable to gases in a controllable way, as
- shown in Figure 9. The dumbbell-shape chamber consists of a narrow trench connecting two circular cavities, both of which are covered by few-layer graphene. Local electrodes at the bottom of each cavity allow to drive each graphene membrane individually, changing the pressure of the chamber through a
Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26
- methods of MOF membrane preparation require multiple steps and high-pressure conditions. In this study, a reliable one-step interfacial synthesis method under atmospheric pressure has been developed to prepare zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membranes supported on porous α-Al2O3 disks. To obtain
- natural gas) with high efficiency is needed. Membrane-based separation offers a great potential for online CO2 sequestration in view of its high energy efficiency, small carbon footprint, and competitive cost compared to traditional separation processes, such as distillation and adsorption [5]. The
- current membrane separation market in chemical engineering is dominated by polymeric membranes because of their low cost, ease of production, and mechanical flexibility [6][7][8][9]. However, applications of polymeric membranes in the separation processes are limited by their short lifetime and inferior
Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15
- photocatalytic reaction, as a result of which anatase has been found to have the highest antimicrobial activity among all crystal structures of TiO2 [79]. The mechanisms of titania-induced biocidal activity are mostly by an oxidative attack on the outer/inner cell membrane of the microorganism, as well as
- insertion into the inner membrane, for precise mitochondria-targeted cancer treatment as presented in Figure 8B. The efficiency of G-TiO2−x-TPP was scrutinized in mice having HeLa tumors, and the results showed excellent mitochondria-targeting potential and strong phototherapeutic efficacy under a single
A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10
- functional specific nanosized additives to be used in various water remediation membrane techniques. The adsorption, filtration, photocatalytic, and bactericidal capabilities of the hybrid membranes in removing common major water pollutants such as metal ions, dyes, oils, and biological pollutants have been
- discussed. Finally, an outlook on the future research pathways to fill the gaps existing in water remediation have been suggested. Keywords: electrospinning; environmental remediation; membrane technologies; nanohybrids; water purification; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology is a technique that exploits
- fiber functionalization through blending the functionalizing material with the polymer prior to electrospinning, post-spinning surface functionalization, or the use of a coaxial electrospinning setup make electrospinning a superior technique for membrane fabrication [2]. The smaller size endows the
Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8
- process for human blood products is so safe that random testing of the products is sufficient. By adopting this principle, each batch is be tested, but not every single product. Endotoxins or the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is another important point regarding
- . Especially the chelation of Mg2+ results in a destabilization of the negative charges of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria [45]. The cells thus become permeable. This effect can be exploited to make the cells more receptive to antibiotics, biocides, or other substances [28][52]. Depending on the
- concentration of EDTA and the bacterial strain, there is a release of membrane components, proteins, and finally cell lysis [53][54][55]. The treatment of Gram-negative cells with EDTA can lead to a release of up to 50% of the LPS from the cell wall of a bacterium [56][57]. These effects have been demonstrated
Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6
- agreement with the spectroscopic data (Figure 2b). Cells treated with free bPEI show a very weak optical signal in the cytoplasm, as expected (Figure 4c1–c3). In addition, significant morphological changes were observed in these cells due to the cytotoxic effect of bPEI on the cytoplasmic membrane and the
- pathways do not necessarily involve traffic to lysosomes, it can yield a better transfection efficiency [65]. Indeed, it was shown that both unmodified branched and linear PEI polyplexes could damage plasma membranes, resulting in a rapid redistribution of phosphatidylserine from the inner plasma membrane
Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4
- external pressure. In the case of the crumpled graphene layer, we see a larger indentation depth compared to the flat graphene layer (Figure 7). The tip has more freedom to sink inside the material when the graphene sheet is crumpled (membrane buckling and elasticity) than in the case of flat graphene
- (stiff membrane). Figure 8 shows the cross section of the density under the tip at the end of the indentation process. We can see regular lines of high density right below the graphene layer, which indicate a local reorganisation of the polymer chains. The graphene layer, especially the flat sheet, is
Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102
- permeation membrane, as oxygen sensor material, or for the use in solid oxide fuel cell components [1][5][6]. Apart from this, ceria is also widely employed as a catalyst in the middle- to low-temperature regime (20–400 °C) [7][8][9], making ceria-based dual-phase materials with a second electron-conductive
- spinel or perovskite phase applicable in membrane reactors for partial oxidation reactions. Dual-phase membranes with FeCo2O4, or its iron-rich pendant Fe2CoO4, and Gd-doped ceria as an ion conductor have already been successfully applied as oxygen permeation membranes with high permeability in the
- depends on the ceria/spinel ratio, has recently been discussed [16]. Current research efforts are aiming to improve the composition and microstructure of a dual-phase membrane with similar composition for application in a membrane reactor at considerably lower temperatures (below 600 °C) to perform
Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101
- possibility for the early diagnosis of cancer [7]. In recent decades, anticancer drugs have been developed in great number, enabling the control and treatment of many cancers to improve life quality and life span of people. Many approved anticancer drugs have significant effects on cell membrane proteins and
- ultrastructure of living cells [15][16], cell membranes, membrane proteins [17][18] and DNA [19], and through recording single molecular force spectra [20][21]. However, the morphology and the nanoscale mechanical properties of malignant pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) under anticancer drug treatment have not
- caused by the more complex distribution of biomolecules, such as proteins and sugars, existing on the normal cell membrane surface than that on the cancer cell surface [28][29][30]. The statistics of the Young's modulus values of the four kinds of cells are illustrated in Figure 4a. The Young’s modulus
Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99
- ). Several studies have indicated that spinel ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) NPs cause cytotoxicity via oxidative stress which results in damage to the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA [41][42][43]. However, how NPs are processed inside the cell is also a contributing factor in ROS production [44]. For
- interaction between NPs a plasma membrane associated proteins [55]. In addition, the charge of polymeric coatings also governs NP uptake by cells. Positively charged polymers have been reported to enhance genotoxicity due to better internalization of NPs via the plasma membrane (electrostatic interaction) and
- samples were filtered using a 0.2 µm syringe filter and concentrated using centrifugal filters (Amicon Ultra-4). The concentrated samples were purified by using 1% agarose gel at 100 V for 90 min. Discrete NP bands on the gel were cut and extracted using a 50 kDa dialysis membrane (Spectrum Laboratories
Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98
- cuticle is a thin non-cellular membrane that covers most of the above-ground organs of land plants. It is a composite matrix consisting of cutin and cutan as its main components, contains intracuticular waxes, and typically is covered by an outer layer of epicuticular waxes. The cuticle and the underlying
Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92
- . Figure 1a shows the surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, indicating an uneven and rough surface of the crystalline polymer. Upon the addition of the ionic liquid [BDiMIM][Cl] on PVdF-HFP, the sizes of the grains start decreasing and the membrane becomes flexible and appears as a swollen structure
A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91
- superhydrophobic microstructures, and it is found to increase with the increase of the square root of the Reynolds number in the limit of high Re [121]. 3.2 Nanofiltration As shown in Figure 10, electro-osmosis can play an important role in the area of nanofiltration, where membrane fouling is the main drawback
- through the membrane [123]. Since improving the slip length can enhance the electro-osmotic velocity, the slip length should be taken into consideration when investigating the characteristics of electro-osmosis through membranes. Silkina et al. proposed a model which incorporates hydrodynamic slip and the
- Beskok compared a slip-modified theoretical model with the molecular dynamics simulation results. They found that the slip enhancement in the electro-osmotic flow is independent of the channel height, which can provide a theoretical basis for membrane fabrication of electrically assisted nanofiltration
Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89
- embedded in a freestanding GaAs/AlGaAs membrane [44][45][46][47][48]. It has been shown that morphology manipulation of semiconductor QDs such as size, shape, strain distribution, or inhomogenities can influence the coupling strength of electron–phonon (e–ph) interactions [49]. The phononic effects appears
- dots. It was found that transport through electron–phonon cavities with QDs embedded in a freestanding membrane is strongly affected by vibrational degrees of freedom. As model systems we have chosen single (TQD) or double (DTQD) T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots. The first system in the absence of
The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87
- cobalt-containing samples and 21 kV for the samples without cobalt additive. The samples were stabilised in air and subsequently carbonised in argon atmosphere for 3 h at temperatures between 600 and 1100 °C. Electrodes were prepared from the carbonised mats by applying a PTFE membrane by means of hot
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