Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• were fabricated on CuO nanorods for application in high power lithium-ion batteries. Since the conductivity of lithiated CuO is significantly better than that of CuO, after the first discharge, the voltage cut-off window was then set to the range covering only the discharge–charge range of Si. Thus

• . Keywords: in situ reduction; lithium-ion battery; silicon anode; silicon nanorods; Introduction As one of the most popular secondary power sources, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in portable personal electronics, electrical vehicles and grid energy storage because of their high energy and

• performance for Si-based anodes. In this work, we prepared heavy-phosphorus-doped silicon anodes on CuO nanorods for high power LIBs. In our experiments, once the voltage cut-off window was set in the range that only covers the discharge–charge range of Si, the conductivity of CuO nanorods was highly

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• electrolyte and CuxS counter electrode were used for cell fabrication and testing. An interesting improvement in the performance of the device by imposing nanorods as a scattering layer on a particle layer has been observed. As a consequence, a maximum conversion efficiency of 1.06% with an open-circuit

• voltage (VOC) of 0.67 V was achieved for the ZnO nanorod/nanoparticle assembled structure. The introduction of ZnO nanorods over the nanoparticle led to a significant enhancement of the overall efficiency compared to the corresponding bare nanoparticles. Keywords: DSSC; QDSSC; quantum dot; solar cells

• , we have reported the advantages of using 1D ZnO nanorods compared to nanoparticles in DSSCs using N719 as a photosensitizer [31]. Due to the reduced grain boundaries and direct conjunction pathway, 1D nanorods can diffuse electrons faster than nanoparticles and other morphologies. However

Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• preadsorption at the surface of SnO2 grains. In the publications about the TiO2–SnO2 system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17] for improved gas sensing, one can find different types of materials: thick and thin films, nanostructures such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanobelts, nanopowders as well

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• nanorods (ZnO NRs) were proposed as active sensing layers in chemiresistive gas sensors for hydrocarbon (HC) gas detection (e.g., CH4, C3H8, C4H10). The presence of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of ZnO NRs, obtained after the thermal treatment at 550 °C, was revealed by morphological and surface

• nanorods; Introduction Hydrocarbons (HCs) are molecules consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and the gaseous species can be present in the atmosphere depending on their volatility or vapor pressure. As volatile molecules in the atmosphere, they are classified as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The

• metal oxide with Pt nanoparticles. Gurav et al. [40] reported an improvement of 60% in the response towards LPG detection at an operating temperature of 498 K using ZnO nanorods functionalized by catalytic Pd NPs. Moreover, the Pd-sensitized vertically aligned ZnO nanorods showed higher selectivity

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• , however, recently more sophisticated nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, nanoplates have been exploited [23][26][30][31]. The recourse of such a direction of research results from microstructural aspects such as grain size and surface morphology, which are among the most important factors

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• , increasing the photo response range and enhancing the interfacial charge transfer [22]. We have focused our study on the coupling of ZnO nanorods with nanoparticles of CdS, a semiconductor active under visible light, to form coupled CdS–ZnO heterojunction nanostructures. The CdS nanoparticles are an

• nanostructures. Another unique aspect of this work is the formation of efficient binary and ternary heterojunctions having nanoparticles (NP), nanorods (NR) and nanosheets (NS), comprising of CdS, ZnO and RGO, respectively. In this work, , the preparation and detailed characterization of binary and ternary

• by vacuum drying overnight at same temperature. Synthesis of ZnO nanorods ZnO nanorods (NR) were synthesized through a previously reported solvothermal method [37]. In brief, 10 mL of 0.2 M zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution in ethanol was added into 70 mL of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• mesoporous TiO2 as the electron conductor, or when compared to a planar cell based on ALD-grown Sb2S3 [5]. The latter corroborates the benefit of a conformal coating and controlled thickness that is characteristic for ALD. As we have previously shown, the use of ZnO nanorods as the structured substrate and

• an electron conductor for a spray-grown absorber will provide a gain of the current density up to 2.5 times when compared to a planar device [62][63]. Also, the gap filling by a polymeric hole conductor could be expected to be easier in case vertical nanorods are used instead of porous TiO2 [13][64

• previous section. To further boost the current density, one is likely to benefit from the use of a stuctured electron-conducting substrate such as a layer of ZnO nanorods. Conclusion We focused on the optimization of the properties of Sb2S3 grown by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) of an ultrasonically

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• fields including microelectronics, optics, biotechnology and protective coatings [2]. In the last few years, PVD started to be used for the growth of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as nanowires [3], nanorods [4] and nanosprings [5]. Although such approaches are very practical, controlling the

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• , BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France 10.3762/bjnano.7.125 Abstract Ce-doped ZnO (ZnO:Ce) nanorods have been prepared through a solvothermal method and the effects of Ce-doping on the structural, optical and electronic properties of ZnO rods were studied. ZnO:Ce rods were characterized

• %, Sigma), tert-butanol (t-BuOH, 99%, Sigma), p-benzoquinone (>98%, Sigma), oxalic acid (>99%, Sigma) and anhydrous ethanol were used as received without further purification. All solutions were prepared using Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm, Millipore) as solvent. Preparation of ZnO and ZnO:Ce nanorods In a

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• mimic their equivalents in anisotropic isolated uncoupled particles such as nanoprisms [27] and nanorods [28][29]. In addition, attempts to chain the particles can induce unwanted soldering [23] upon UV irradiation or uneven heating when microwave irradiation is used [26]. The latter method also fails

• drive the coupled longitudinal mode to red-shifted wavelengths, extending the transmission of our assemblies throughout the visible region, which can be exploited for solar films and numerous energy saving applications. Luo et al. recently generated silver nanorods with high aspect ratio, which are

• transparent in the entire visible region using Pd decahedra as seeds [37]. In Luo’s work, the longitudinal band was pushed to the near infra-red region with nanorods of aspect ratios greater than 3.9. This is due to the energy dampening as the plasmon oscillation travels a longer distance on the rod surface

Fast diffusion of silver in TiO₂ nanotube arrays

• Wanggang Zhang,
• Yiming Liu,
• Diaoyu Zhou,
• Hui Wang,
• Wei Liang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.105

• structures, including nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, mesoporous spheres, nanosheets, nanowires have been synthesized via anodic oxidation, template, and hydrothermal processing to increase the ratio of surface area to volume for the maximization of effective surface area [17]. Among the low-dimensional

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• that such ones increase in size from 5 to 800 nm as the annealing temperature increases in the 200–1000 °C range. At 1000 °C, Cu nanoparticles develop a highly faceted morphology, displaying arm-like carbon nanorods that originate from different facets of the copper crystal structure. Keywords: copper

• and protecting the Cu nanoparticles from further oxidation. In particular, at 1000 °C, the Cu nanoparticles exhibit an equilibrium crystal shape. The facets found out by simulation were {111}, {110}, {100}, {311} and {530}. The faceted nanoparticles display arm-like carbon nanorods originating from

A terahertz-vibration to terahertz-radiation converter based on gold nanoobjects: a feasibility study

• Kamil Moldosanov and
• Andrei Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 983–989, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.90

• ). Presumably, it is technologically simpler to fabricate the GNBs than to fabricate the GNRs. A number of strategies exists to produce gold nanorods and nanowires of ca. 3 nm diameter [13][14][15], which could be used as the GNBs. These strategies, possibly, could be tailored for making the GNBs on the

The role of morphology and coupling of gold nanoparticles in optical breakdown during picosecond pulse exposures

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin and
• J. Carl Kumaradas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 869–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.79

• -dimensional assembly of particles affects the optical breakdown threshold of its surroundings. For this purpose we used a fully coupled electromagnetic, thermodynamic and plasma dynamics model for a laser pulse interaction with gold nanospheres, nanorods and assemblies, which was solved using the finite

• element method. The thresholds of optical breakdown for off- and on-resonance irradiated gold nanosphere monomers were compared against nanosphere dimers, trimers, and gold nanorods with the same overall size and aspect ratio. The optical breakdown thresholds had a stronger dependence on the optical near

• affected by the optical properties of the surrounding environment [3], the morphology of individual nanoparticle as well as the formation of nanoparticle assemblies [4][5]. Nanospheres and nanorods are the two most common shapes of gold nanoparticles. They can be made to assemble through binding to the

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• , we present the formation of gold nanorods (GNRs) on novel gold–poly(methyl methacrylate) (Au–PMMA) nanocomposite substrates with unprecedented growth control through the polymer molecular weight (Mw) and gold-salt-to-polymer weight ratio. For the first time, GNRs have been produced by seed-mediated

• techniques such as AFM and SEM have been used to support concept of the proposed growth method. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); direct surface growth; gold nanorods; nanocomposites; poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); Introduction Gold nanorods (GNRs) are among the most interesting noble metal one

• given surface. This can be achieved by either direct surface growth or by an indirect distribution approach. In the latter method, pre-synthesised nanorods (NRs) can form a self-assembled structure by means of chemically modified bonding on surfaces [3][4]. In direct surface growth, formation of NRs or

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• [SA]-enzyme input revealed that enzyme binding to the TMVCys/Bio sticks did not affect their performance [132]. Taken together, the technically simple linker-mediated affinity binding of functional proteins turned out to be a straightforward approach for installing sensor enzymes on rigid TMV nanorods

• , nanostructured protein-containing material combinations. With respect to the general knowledge that a lot of frogs need to be kissed (or, originally spoken, thrown at a wall) before meeting a handsome prince [180], research on advantageous applications of TMV nanorods has yielded exceptionally promising

• reusability: TMVCys/Bio nanorods > CPCys/Bio aggregates > biotin linker > substrate lacking any adapter molecule. For details, see text and reference [132] for details. B/C: Reproduced according to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License from [132]. Transformation of TMV CP molecules

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• - Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India, Research Services, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2E1 10.3762/bjnano.7.44 Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) and bacteriorhodopsin (bR) hybrid nanostructures were fabricated by immobilizing bR on ZnO thin films and ZnO nanorods

• bR. Results In this work, ZnO thin films (ZnO-TF) and ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) were grown via the hydrothermal method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates (25 × 25 mm) and both structures were used for the preparation of a sensitive film for gas testing. The precursor solution (zinc acetate dihydrate

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• gold nanostructures such as nanorods [24] and chains of gold spheres [25]. It is remarkable that the longitudinal resonance peak is only observed for the Au NP sample with 2 equiv Hcp1_cys3 and not for the citrate-stabilized initial Au NPs. This shows that the formation of the larger linear assemblies

Determination of Young’s modulus of Sb₂S₃ nanowires by in situ resonance and bending methods

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Alexander I. Livshits,
• Juris Prikulis,
• Subhajit Biswas,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 278–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.25

• ] applications. It has also been studied as a photonic bandgap material in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum [12]. Synthesis and characterization of various Sb2S3 nanostructures including dendrites [13], nanorods [14], whiskers [15], nanowires (NWs) [16][17] and nanotubes [18] have been reported

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• affected by this drawback, improving the stability of gas sensors [9][15][16]. Additionally, also the use of one-dimensional nanostructures (e.g., nanorods, nanowires, and nanobelts), with high surface to volume ratio, improves the gas-sensing properties [9][17]. Among different MOS, ZnO has been widely

• nanostructures were lower than those of pristine and Au-doped ZnO nanorods, revealing that for NO2 gas-sensing the rod-like structure and the intimate contact between stabilized Au NPs and ZnO nanorods have a significant positive effect on the resistance of sensors and, consequently, their response. Experimental

• decorated with spherical Au NPs. In the case of Au@ZnO annealed at 300 °C, the density of Au NPs on ZnO nanostructures was higher than that in the case of hybrid nanocomposites annealed at 550 °C in which the surface of ZnO nanorods was decorated with only few Au NPs. The annealing temperature strongly

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

• Nafisa Noor,
• Luca Lucera,
• Thomas Capuano,
• Venkata Manthina,
• Alexander G. Agrios,
• Helena Silva and
• Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

• , University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA 10.3762/bjnano.6.255 Abstract Blue and white light emission is observed when high voltage stress is applied using micrometer-separated tungsten probes across a nanoforest formed of ZnO nanorods. The optical spectrum of the emitted light consistently

• rise to light emission. Experimental ZnO growth Chemical bath deposition (CBD), a low-cost solution-based technique [18][19], is used to grow ZnO nanorods on oxidized silicon wafers with previously fabricated, highly doped, p-type, nanocrystalline silicon microstructures. The samples were precleaned by

• hexahydrate, 25 mM of hexamethylenetetramine and 6 mM of poly(ethyleneimine) for 24 h, and kept at 90 °C. The process yields 2–2.5 μm long ZnO nanorods homogeneously grown along the c-direction of the wurtzite structure with 50–250 nm diameter (Figure 1) on top of a very thin layer of ZnO film (≈2–3 nm

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• properties depending on different preparation conditions. However, it is difficult to find the publications where these nanostructures are compared directly regarding to their properties. Indeed, there are few articles where authors have reported that the magnetic nanorods (NRs) and nanowires (NWs) exhibit a

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• straightforward manner. Following the large improvement in the spatial resolution of 2D imaging, atomically resolved 3D reconstruction has been achieved and demonstrated on Au nanorods [84]. Encouragingly, only a few projections are required for the reconstruction thanks to an improvement of the reconstruction

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• applicable mineralized nanorods lie in selectivity and adjustability of the inorganic material deposited on the biological, rod-shaped backbones, with respect to thickness and surface profile of the resulting coating, as well as the avoidance of aggregation into extended superstructures. Nanotubular tobacco

• reactions, however, TMV particles presented extensive rearrangement into head-to-tail structures [34][65]. These were laterally aligned or even star-shaped [64] 3D arrays in many of the studies, reflecting and expanding the well-known capacities of these bio-nanorods to form various aggregates up to liquid

• sequence types on structure-directing TMV nanorods. This allows for the systematic investigation of their influence on silica coating reactions via ethanol-containing TEOS on this viral backbone for the first time. Genetically modified TMV particles (TMVLys) with an accessible amino group on every CP

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• segment length is crucial for many applications [28][30][32][33]. AuAg nanowires are particularly investigated in the fields of optics and electronics. Bimetallic AuAg nanowires are very promising as sensing tools for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy [34]. As an example, AuAg alloy nanorods show

• enhanced sensing resolution compared to pure Au nanowires [35] while Au@Ag core shell nanorods allow to adjust the resonance frequency by varying the shell thickness [36]. Furthermore, optical applications include the readout of striping patterns in AuAg segmented nanowires via optical brightfield