Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• Patryk Florkow Stanislaw Lipinski Department of Theory of Nanostructures, Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.89 Abstract We calculate the conductance through strongly correlated T-shaped molecular or quantum

• been observed in semiconductor-based quantum dots (QDs) [1][2][3][4], in carbon nanotubes [5], and in molecular nanostructures [6][7][8][9]. Besides the spin, also other degrees of freedom, for example, orbital [10] or charge [11][12] can give rise to Kondo correlations. For systems with higher

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• metal oxide (SMO) sensors are most popular due to their low cost, simplicity, easy fabrication, and wide range of gas detection capabilities [9]. Thin films and nanostructures exhibit better sensing characteristics. Various researchers have reported structures with morphologies such as nanowires (NWs

• spherical and labyrinth structures exhibited low sensitivity to ethanol and acetone vapors, while a sensitivity greater than 20 it was observed in case of percolation network nanostructures. Thus, the network and pore connectivity of fractal nanostructures becomes crucial for a better gas sensing response

• 2–3 µm length) by a hydrothermal method and calcined the fabricated nanostructure precursors in air [84]. Figure 23a–f shows SEM and TEM micrographs with selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of the Co3O4 nanostructures. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was detected by an electrochemical sensor

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• presents a detailed computational protocol for the atomistic simulation of formation and growth of metal-containing nanostructures during focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The protocol is based upon irradiation-driven molecular dynamics (IDMD), a novel and general methodology for computer

• nanostructures. The analysis of the simulation results provides spatially resolved relative metal content, height, and growth rate of the deposits, which represents valuable reference data for the experimental characterization of the nanostructures grown by FEBID. Keywords: focused electron beam-induced

• deposition; irradiation-driven molecular dynamics; irradiation-induced chemistry; platinum nanostructures; reactive force fields; Introduction The controllable fabrication of nanostructures with nanoscale resolution remains a considerable scientific and technological challenge [1]. To address this challenge

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• nanostructures at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. Amino acids, as the smallest constituent of proteins and the smallest constituent in the bottom-up approach, are the smallest building blocks that can be self-assembled. The self-assembly of single amino acids has the advantages of low synthesis cost

• various nanostructures, such as nanowires [17], nanofibers [18], nanospheres [19], nanovesicles [20], nanogels [21], nanobelts [22], and nanotubes [23]. Self-assembly not only conveys higher stability and mechanical strength to proteins and peptides, but also further enhances their natural activity and

• as functional materials it can be difficult to arrange assembled nanostructures at both microscopic and macroscopic scales [10]. Also, fine manipulation of noncovalent interactions and corresponding peptide and protein nanostructures remains a huge challenge [24]. Amino acids are the major components

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• employed in display applications and lighting systems. Further research on LED that incorporates carbon nanostructures and metal nanoparticles exhibiting surface plasmon resonance has demonstrated a significant improvement in device performance. These devices offer lower turn-on voltages, higher external

• quantum efficiencies, and luminance. De facto, plasmonic nanoparticles, such as Au and Ag have boosted the luminance of red, green, and blue emissions. When combined with carbon nanostructures they additionally offer new possibilities towards lightweight and flexible devices with better thermal management

• . This review surveys the diverse possibilities to combine various inorganic, organic, and carbon nanostructures along with plasmonic nanoparticles. Such combinations would allow an enhancement in the overall properties of LED. Keywords: carbon nanotubes (CNT); graphene; light-emitting diodes (LED

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• promising application of gold nanostructures with CUR-loaded alginate microgels, which showed photothermal properties. High CUR retention and preferential toxicity against cancerous cells was also shown. The photoactive agent, wavelength, time of exposure, and distance to the light source are important

• 650 nm laser (1.5 W/cm2). The advantages of incorporating CUR into nanostructures used as photodynamic anticancer therapy are diverse. They include making nasal delivery a possibility, thereby minimizing patient discomfort [145], subcellular internalization of the molecule (enhancing sensitization and

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• aggregates tended to have a spherical shape but were somewhat irregularly formed. The mean diameter of the aggregates was 210 ± 30 nm. Neither the appearance nor the size (220 ± 30 nm) of the obtained nanostructures significantly changed when stopping the reaction after 10 min (see Figure S1a in Supporting

• nanostructures due to the electron beam could be excluded [32]. The data of the AFM measurements are displayed in Figure 5. On the one hand, one can see single deflection peaks in Figure 5a, which are 1.5 nm and 2.3 nm in width (green and red marks). On the other hand, Figure 5b shows four deflection peaks

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• investigation and innovation is needed until RT Na–S batteries can be commercialized. Keywords: composites; metal-free anode; Na–S; sodium nanostructures; sodium–sulfur batteries; sulfur nanostructures; Introduction The progress and innovation of cheaper, cleaner, safer, and more efficient electrical energy

• interactions between the metallic compound and the sulfur species are schematically shown in Figure 6E. Sulfur nanoparticles and nanostructures As described above, sulfur has become a very promising cathode material in RT alkali batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. Yet, sulfur in its bulk form

• reaction kinetics, NPs are more easily confined in conducting matrices, and the volume expansion of individual NPs is better distributed over the entire cathode improving its mechanical integrity [14]. There are different methods to incorporate sulfur nanoparticles and nanostructures in cathodes such as

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• oxide nanoparticles [28]. Numerous indispensable parameters including surface tension, polarity, viscosity, and hydrogen bonding have an important influence on the reactivity of species. Also, the formation of nanostructures is governed by the mass transport properties of the DES components. It is also

• capping agents such as polymers or surfactants, highlighting the role of DES as a stabilizer and structure-directing agent. The work also illustrated temperature-dependent morphological differences between the nanostructures. Spherical sized small gold particles of nearly 100 nm were synthesized at 70 °C

• whereas network like nanostructures were observed when the synthesis temperature was 90 °C. Apart from nanomaterials, DESs are also being exploited for the electrodeposition of alloys for coating applications. For example, Bernasconi et al. developed a non-aqueous electrolyte using choline chloride and

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• Functional Nanostructures, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, 302026, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.12.68 Abstract Employment of the non-trivial proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) heterostructures for the creation of novel superconducting devices requires accurate control of magnetic

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• the analyte leads to a good SERS signal. Results and Discussion Characterization of silver nanostructures We synthesized Ag NPs with a size appropriate for SERS investigations (30–35 nm) with a relatively high NP concentration (32 µg/mL) sufficient for good immobilization. Size and shape of the NPs

• analytes are depicted in Figure 4. The initially prepared plasmonic nanostructures yielded a rather intensive SERS signal for CuTMpyP4 bearing positive charge (Figure 5a, number 6). However, no spectrum was obtained for the negatively charged porphyrin CuTSPP4 (Figure 5b, number 6). Treatment of Ag NPs

• Information File 84: Characterization of silver nanostructures. Funding This work has been supported by the Government Research Program “Photonics, Opto- and Microelectronics 1.4.01”. Participation of P. M. in this study was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (Grant 18-10897S).

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• (conventional and echogenic), niosomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanocapsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, nanogels, gold nanoparticles, titania nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, fuel-free nano/micromotors. Keywords: smart nanomaterials; sonodynamic

• , minimizing toxicity, ensuring biodegradability, biosafety, and efficacy, and guarding against long-term carcinogenesis [2]. Although animal models cannot accurately simulate every single aspect of human disease, in vivo therapeutic evaluation of these smart nanostructures for drug delivery is important

• , dendrimers, and capsules), lipid-based carriers (including liposomes and solid lipid NP), and non-polymer-based structures (including nanomachines, gold NPs, titanium, carbon, and silica nanostructures) along with some other novel NPs which can trigger drug release after US activation. A discussion on these

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• Thies H. Buscher Stanislav N. Gorb Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.57 Abstract Adhesive pads are functional systems with specific micro- and nanostructures which evolved as

• principles of attachment pads with a special focus on insects, describe micro- and nanostructures, surface patterns, origin of different pads and their evolution, discuss the material properties (elasticity, viscoelasticity, adhesion, friction) and basic physical forces contributing to adhesion, show the

• adapted to locomotion across different terrains [39][52]. Even without morphological specialities, like jumping or digging, legged motion is very diverse. Some groups specialized in their micro- and nanostructures towards very specific substrates: Water striders, for example, run on the water surface [53

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• et al., “Outputting Olfactory Bionic Electric Impulse by PANI/PTFE/PANI Sandwich Nanostructures and their Application as Flexible, Smelling Electronic Skin”, Advanced Functional Materials, John Wiley and Sons. (i) The output voltage of smelling electronic skin as the ethanol concentration increases

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films at doses of 0.22 × 1015 to 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 has been demonstrated, and through site-selective direct-write patterning with variable dose, various nanostructures with novel ferroelectric-switching functionalities have been fabricated [33] (Figure 2f). Using similar doses, out-of-plane

• were so low, the change in optical properties was attributed to the local accumulation of defects (as opposed to collisional phase mixing). In a plasmonic application, resonant triangular nanostructures were created in a graphene sheet supported on SiO2/Si by selectively irradiating the graphene in the

• regions around the intended structures (note, the graphene was not milled away) [62]. Tuning of the resonant behavior of the nanostructures was demonstrated by adjusting the irradiation dose. Closely related to the electronic property tuning of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides described earlier

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• circuit including a white LED was utilized. Results and Discussion To determine the morphology, the as-prepared silver nanostructures were first characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The absorption spectrum of AgNWs is a function of the dielectric material, the chemicals used, and the particle

• second peak at 373 nm is attributed to the longitudinal plasmon resonance of AgNWs. It is also noted that no other peak was observed, which shows that the final product was free from contamination of any other nanostructures, such as silver nanoparticles or nanocubes. The SEM results also confirm the

• results. The photoluminescence spectra of silver nanostructures greatly depend on size and shape of the nanostructures. The PL spectrum in the visible region is associated with deep holes. These deep holes cause green, red, and yellow emissions, whereas shallow holes produce blue and violet emissions

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• morphology substantially modify graphene properties. A novel approach of graphene-based nanostructures are van der Waals heterostructures in which graphene is transferred onto another material with a different morphology and electronic properties [5]. However, in those kinds of structures several aspects

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• for graphene and MoS2-based electronics utilising the small lattice mismatch, the large optical phonon modes, and particularly the large bandgap [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, when grown on metal substrates h-BN can be used as a nanoscale template for atoms, molecules, and nanostructures with

• and no buckling of the substrate and, thus, to high stiffness. Furthermore, our results corroborate that h-BN/Cu(111) has a small corrugation of 0.6 ± 0.2 Å but is mechanically stiff making it an appealing platform for studying intrinsic electronic and mechanical properties of nanostructures

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• during heating [15][16]. Pt nanoparticles have better light and thermal stability then Au nanoparticles [17]. Au–Pt bimetal nanoparticles may not only further enrich the functions of nanostructures, but the spatial distribution of both elements also plays an important role in adjusting the properties

• synthesize Au–Pt bimetal nanoparticles with LSPR bands in the near-infrared (NIR) region [22][23][24][25][26][27]. Feng et al. developed a simple room-temperature procedure to form rod-shaped Au@Pt nanostructures, where tiny Pt nanodots are distributed homogeneously on the surface of the AuNRs [25]. Rong et

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• sample stored at 4 °C leading to an overlap, which indicates size and shape stability of the nanoparticles [48]. Dynamic light scattering: Historically, the first approaches to describe interactions between light and nanostructures were published in the early 20th century. Currently, the most popular

• ) planes, respectively [158]. Powder XRD is effective in studying the crystalline structure of heterogeneous nanoparticles and nanostructures [159]. As the 2θ angle increases, the phase difference between two progressive waves also increases and the scattering intensity decreases [159]. Nanoparticles with

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• cycle of Co3O4 electrodes and it has been frequently reported for Co3O4 nanostructures with various shapes [15][21][23][24][25][26][27][30][31][34][36]. This capacity fade is usually ascribed to an irreversible electrolyte decomposition, the formation of the SEI layer, and the formation of stable Li2O

• nanomaterial possessed a very low surface active area, in comparison with previously reported Co3O4 nanostructures tested as anode materials, it exhibited a relatively high specific capacity of 1060 mA·g−1 measured at 100 mA·g−1 after 100 cycles and a remarkably good cyclability tested at current densities

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• modulates the geometry of the nanostructures. The Mn–Ge alloy nanowires are single-crystalline structures with homogeneous composition and uniform width along their length. The shape evolution towards nanowires occurs for islands with a mean size of ≃170 nm. The wires, up to ≃1.1 μm long, asymptotically

• tend to ≃80 nm of width. We found that tuning the annealing process allows one to extend the wire length up to ≃1.5 μm with a minor rise of the lateral size to ≃100 nm. The elongation process of the nanostructures is in agreement with a strain-driven shape transition mechanism proposed in the

• electron beam. Results and Discussion High-temperature annealing of the evaporated Mn thin films on Ge(111) results in a significant change of the film morphology with the appearance of nanostructures onto the surface. The features of the structures are related to the Mn layer thickness and the duration of

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• nanoparticles loaded with graphene have an enhanced acetone response at 350 °C with increased graphene loading level (best at 5 wt % graphene) [40]. ZnO nanostructures doped with nickel and rGO were used for hydrogen sensing at 100 °C [34]. The decoration of MOS with a noble metal, such as Pd or Pt, improves

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• electron beam-induced processing is a versatile method for the fabrication of metallic nanostructures with arbitrary shape, in particular, on top of two-dimensional (2D) organic materials, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Two methods, namely electron beam-induced deposition (EBID) and electron

• cleavage of C–H bonds and the subsequent formation of new C–C bonds between neighboring molecules also seems to play a crucial role in the EBISA process. Previous studies showed that iron nanostructures fabricated on top of a cross-linked SAM on Au/mica can be transferred to solid substrates and grids

• reduction of the iron structures. These results demonstrate that the fabrication of hybrids of metallic nanostructures onto organic 2D materials is an intrinsically complex procedure. The interactions among the metallic deposits, the substrate for the growth of the SAM, and the associated etching/dissolving

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• combined in a straightforward manner, for example, by stacking. Applications of such materials may rely on (coupled) material excitations, such as plasmon polaritons in gold nanostructures [2], on physical properties, such as the exceptionally high mechanical stability of suspended graphene [3], or on

• ubiquitous in ion beam machining with well-established applications in material characterization, for example, TEM lamella fabrication, cross sections or tomographies [19][20], or in the fabrication of prototype nanostructures, such as plasmonic antennas [2]. In contrast, appropriate fields of application

• and gold flake (cf. Supporting Information File 1, section “Challenges in the patterning of the plasmonic tetramers”). Nevertheless, we show here, for the first time, high-fidelity patterning of plasmonic nanostructures with geometrical details as small as 3 nm. This is mainly achieved by defining a