Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• microstructural characteristics, such as micromorphology of the obtained materials and the qualitative and quantitative distribution of the granular phase and pores, SEM analysis of the sintered materials was performed using a Zeiss Auriga FESEM-FIB electron microscope. For SEM analysis, the samples underwent a

• 1150 1200, and 1250 °C (Figure 1a). For HAP composites with the same 5% BG, peaks for HA and TCP are present for three of four sintering temperatures, except Ts = 1250 °C, for which only the TCP phase was measured, indicating that HA fully decomposes into TCP during sintering (Figure 1b). The

• composition.Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated that among the composites with 5% of BG the HAG-based ones are more stable against increasing sintering temperatures in comparison with HAP-based ones. The HA phase is maintained for HAG-5BG-1250, in contrast to HAP-5BG-1250, which contains only TCP phase. The

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• decreases, and, hence, the size of the crystallites increases. XRD analysis showed that phase-pure LiCoO2 material was maintained without additional phases. EPR studies revealed the presence of two Ni3+ complexes resulting from Ni impurities. The electrical properties of the studied LiCoO2 samples were

• by the phase transition from a hexagonal structure to a monoclinic structure, which occurs during cathode charging at a potential of approximately 4.2 V [5][6][7][8][9]. A decrease in capacity (approx. 50%) is observed during the cycling charging–discharging processes, caused by the dissolution of

• combustion solution synthesis (CSS) to obtain a single-phase nanocrystalline lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2, LCO) with layered structure. We investigated the relationships between the heating temperature and (i) structural parameters (crystallite sizes, lattice parameters, and volume cells) by using XRD

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• .13.119 Abstract We analyze experimentally and theoretically mutual phase locking and electromagnetic interaction between two linear arrays with a large number of Josephson junctions. Arrays with different separation, either on the same chip or on two separate substrates are studied. We observe a large

• coherent gain, up to a factor of three, of emitted power from two simultaneously biased arrays, compared to the sum of powers from two individually biased arrays. The phenomenon is attributed to the phase locking of junctions in different arrays via a common electromagnetic field. Remarkably, the gain can

• exceed the factor of two expected for a simple constructive interference of two oscillators. The larger gain is explained by an additional consequence of mutual interaction between two large arrays. Mutual phase locking of large arrays does not only result in constructive interference outside the arrays

Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Valeriia D. Pashkovskaia,
• Nikita A. Parkhomenko,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Boris G. Lvov,
• Alexander A. Golubov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117

• junctions. We do not consider any additional effects in the SF boundary such as spin-dependent interfacial phase shifts (SDIPS). The effect of SDIPS on the DOS behavior in SFIFS junctions has been studied both analytically [86] and numerically [87]. The paper is organized as follows. In the section (“Model

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing

• Chaoying Shi,
• Jinhua Hu,
• Xiuhong Liu,
• Junfang Liang,
• Jijun Zhao,
• Haiyan Han and
• Qiaofen Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1408–1417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.116

• BIC (FP-BIC) can be excited by varying the distance of the same grating ridge on the surface of a single-mode dielectric slab waveguide [33]. Generally speaking, an FP-BIC can be formed when the spacing between two resonances is changed so that the sum of the round-trip phase shifts is an integer

• γ0 are the resonant frequency and radiation rate of the single grating resonance, respectively, and ψ is the propagation phase shift between the two resonators, satisfying the relation ψ = kh, where k is the transverse wave number. Then the two complex eigenfrequencies of H can be solved from

• Equation 3: Tuning the cavity length h, when the round-trip phase shift is 2mπ (m = 0, 1, 2, …), the complex eigenfrequency of one mode in Equation 4 is ω0 ± κ – 2iγ with twice as much radiation loss as before. And the complex eigenfrequency of the other mode is ω0 ± κ with a pure real number, which

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• method, the organic and aqueous phase were prepared separately. First, the organic phase was prepared by dissolving 2% (w/v) PLGA and 20 mg docetaxel in 10 mL ethyl acetate. 25 mL of aqueous phase was prepared by dissolving the non-ionic surfactant PVA at a concentration of 2% and CS at a concentration

• of 0.2% [77]. The organic phase was added to the aqueous phase on a magnetic stirrer at 550 rpm. The resulting o/w emulsion was sonicated on an ice bath with an ultrasonic probe at 25% power for 1 min (four times at 10 s intervals), and PLGA nanoparticles were obtained. The nanoparticles were stirred

• continuously for 24 h with a magnetic stirrer and the organic phase was evaporated. Then the PLGA nanoparticles were precipitated by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 45 min and washed four times with distilled water. DCX-PLGA NPs pellets were suspended in 2 mL of solution containing 5% (w/w) mannitol, frozen at

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• plots) and charge trapping analysis confirmed the dominance of e−, O2−•, and •OH as dominant reactive oxygen species. The carbon modification could effectively remove 93.83% of methylene blue (MB, 20 ppm solution) and 48.56% of phenol (10 ppm solution) from the aqueous phase in comparison to HBN which

• -responsive material with improved charge carrier density (2.97 × 1019 cm−3). The LED light harvesting properties were analysed through various established characterization techniques and the photocatalysis was verified by eliminating the aqueous phase methylene blue (MB: 93.83%) and phenol (48.56%) moieties

• the presence of 0.05 M H2O2. The photocatalysis process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant (K) of 0.016 min−1 (for the aqueous phase MB) and 0.0204 min−1 (for the aqueous phase MB in the presence of H2O2) with a TOC removal of 54.55% and 70%, respectively. On the

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• , Huang et al. reported that BiOI microspheres served as self-sacrificing templates for in situ phase transformation and formation of phase junctions [81]. Different bismuth oxyiodides were formed as a result of this. Hierarchical BiOI, Bi4O5I2, Bi4O5I2–Bi5O7I phase-junction, and Bi5O7I may be synthesized

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• coupling another specific H1N1 oligonucleotide fragment using magnetic microspheres as solid-phase support; both were bound to the target DNA (exact match DNA) to form a colorless nucleic acid probe. The two are combined with the target DNA (exact match DNA) to form a colorless capture probe-target DNA

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• years, the super-oscillation method based on the fine interference of optical fields has been successfully applied to sub-diffraction focusing and super-resolution imaging. However, most previously reported works only describe static super-oscillatory lenses. Super-oscillatory lenses using phase-change

• materials still have issues regarding dynamic tunability and inflexibility. Therefore, it is vital to develop a flexible and tunable modulation approach for super-oscillatory lenses. In this paper, we propose a super-oscillatory step-zoom lens based on the geometric phase principle, which can switch between

• tool for label-free super-resolution microscopic imaging and optical precision machining. Keywords: geometric phase; phase-change material; step-zoom lens; super-oscillatory; Introduction Due to the diffraction limit, conventional optical imaging systems are unable to surpass a theoretical resolution

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• , Xu et al. studied real-time chiral recognition of CD films to isomers in the gas phase [69]. Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations, functional β-CDs with a short sulfide group were inclined to form monolayers. In contrast, those with long sulfide groups produced a quasi-two-layer

• the complexation process of various chiral calix[4]arenes derivatives with gas-phase R/S-1-phenethylamine [78]. They proved that due to the acid–base interaction, only derivatives with acid could bind well with chiral amines. The other derivatives with esters, amides, and alcohols showed low

• chiral receptor for gas-phase detection of chiral compounds (Figure 7) [88]. The gold surface of the electrode was first modified with trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diol, then a monolayer of [Co2(porphyrin diad)] complex with the porphyrin rings oriented in an almost perpendicular fashion to the surface was

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• . A phase-engineered flexible MoS2 nanosheet generator is worth mentioning. Through annealing at 150 °C, the 1T phase of MoS2 is changed to the 2H phase. The 2H phase can dissociate more water molecules into hydrogen ions than the 1T phase (Figure 4d,e). Thus, the different phases yield a difference

• self-powered generators driven by natural water evaporation“, article no. 104502, Copyright Elsevier (2020). This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (d) A cross-sectional SEM image of the phase-engineered MoS2 film with a film thickness of 4.6 µm. (e) The adsorption and desorption process of ions

• under the phase gradient of MoS2. Figure 4d and 4e were reprinted from [50]. This article was published in Nano Energy, vol. 81, by D. He; Y. Yang; Y. Zhou; J. Wan; H. Wang; X. Fan; Q. Li; H. Huang, “Electricity generation from phase-engineered flexible MoS2 nanosheets under moisture“, article no

Nonlinear features of the superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor φ₀ Josephson junction in the ferromagnetic resonance region

• Aliasghar Janalizadeh,
• Ilhom R. Rahmonov,
• Sara A. Abdelmoneim,
• Yury M. Shukrinov and
• Mohammad R. Kolahchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1155–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.97

• different approximations. Finally, we demonstrate the negative differential resistance in the I–V characteristics and its correlation with the fold-over effect. Keywords: Duffing oscillator; Josephson junction; Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation; Introduction The coupling of the superconducting phase

• pulse through the φ0 junction [3][9][10][11][12][13]. There are two features of Josephson junctions that come into play in our study. The first one is the broken inversion symmetry in the weak link of the Josephson junction when the link is magnetic, which introduces an extra phase in the current–phase

• ] that we study is shown in Figure 1. The current–phase relation in the φ0 junction has the form Is = Icsin(φ − φ0), where φ0 = rMy/M0, My denotes the component of magnetic moment in the direction and M0 is the modulus of the magnetization. The physics of φ0 Josephson juncton is determined by a system

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• properties of the materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to assess the morphology of the materials. The crystal phase of the materials was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with a measurement range of 10°–80°. Fourier

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• macroscopic wire tip to the free prong. Compared to the typically used microscopic AFM cantilevers, the tuning fork sensor has a rather high stiffness, k ≈ 2 kN/m. This facilitates AFM operation with small oscillation amplitudes (A < 100 pm) because a snap-to-contact or instabilities of the phase-locked loop

• oscillation modes can become challenging when other resonances arising from the mechanical setup of the cantilever holder with its excitation piezo are located close to the cantilever resonance. Figure 8b,c shows the measured amplitude and phase of the second flexural cantilever resonance excited mechanically

• , such that only the interference of the 785 nm laser light is used to map the cantilever deflection. For the specific cantilever, the dependence of amplitude and phase on the excitation frequency expected for a harmonic oscillator becomes disturbed significantly by a nearby mechanical resonance of the

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• , Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.13.94 Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a green method using rosin and zinc chloride as salt precursors. The phase structure, morphology, and particle size of ZnO were determined by X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning

• reactions that form zinc resinate are shown in Equation 1 and Equation 2. The schematic illustration of the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is shown in Figure 1. Methods for determining the characterization of the synthesized material The phase of the synthesized material was determined by X-ray diffraction

• exothermic peak at 570.54 °C, revealing that the decomposition of organic compounds continues and the oxidation of Zn to form the ZnO crystalline phase occurs completely. From there, the organic matter in the zinc resinate begins to decompose at 300 °C. At a temperature of about 600 °C, the organic matter is

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• polysaccharide, that is, raw cashew gum. Through the autohydrolysis of cashew gum, some monomer units are produced in the first phase (partial depolymerization in solution), and a trace amount of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural can be produced. The formation of a polyfuranic structure through polycondensation and

• polymerization is followed by aromatization, carbonization, and nuclear fusion in the second phase. As a result, a composite of partially depolymerized cashew gum and CDs was produced [129]. Wu and co-workers used Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide as carbon source that also has a naturally nitrogen-containing

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• ][21][35]. However, pure phase MIL101(Fe), like most semiconductor photocatalysts, has inherent defects, such as low conductivity and high recombination efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs [26][36]. To overcome these shortcomings, several strategies have been developed. One approach is to

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• silver (Ag), polymer (pol), air, hBN and DBR layer. The transfer matrices Lpol and Lair are defined as [25]: where G1,2 = arctan(L1,2λ0/n1,2πW01,02) is the Guoy phase shift in the air (n1 = 1) and polymer layer, respectively, where W01 = W02. The transmittance of the microcavity is calculated, from the

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• selection of Cu and Co is their similar crystal structure to that of silver, besides their catalytic oxidizing ability. Moreover, to date, there are no reports on the evaluation of the electrochemical ORR activity in alkaline media employing AgCuCo oxides supported on rGO. To identify the phase formation

• of Co atoms in the Ag lattice [28][29], while reflections of Cu mask the Ag reflections. We see a systematic variation of the particle sizes for the bi- and trimetallic NPs (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1), which could be connected to the intermixing and phase segregation of mainly Co3O4 in

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• surface layer of twinned B19’ martensite being pulled up along the growth of the nanodot. After heating the Ni40Ti60 surface to 100 °C, where the shape memory effect is expected to be activated due to the phase transition from B19’ martensite to B2 austenite, the surface surrounding the nanodot was found

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• methods were designed using a limited sample size of up to a few hundreds of atoms. Other studies have tried to elaborate a local metric for condensed-phase environments [37], giving a good descriptor for phase transitions. While they provide good results for a specific crystalline structure, they are

• deeper than oxygen. Both atoms also tend to be implanted deeper than argon, proportionally to their respective masses, but some occurrences of deep argon implantation can happen. The amorphization can be divided into two phases: in an initial phase, most silicon atoms stay in their lattice position, even

• per collision. The argon ion is either backscattered or implanted. Previously implanted argon atoms can also diffuse to the sample surface when receiving enough energy. The different processes gradually move deeper into the sample with increasing fluence. The second phase is characterized by several

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• structure. The fluorite structure is not stable under ambient conditions and, thus, zirconia is usually found in the monoclinic phase. The cubic distorted fluorite structure may however be stabilized by a doping or by deposition as a thin film (because the surface energy of the cubic structure is lower than

• that of the monoclinic structure) [35]. Thus, our structural phase of reference in this work is cubic distorted fluorite zirconia since we are doping it and also due to the fact that actual experiments involving atomic layer deposition of TM-doped zirconia thin films revealed the cubic phase [26]. In

• phase of Ni-doped zirconia is cubic. For a general symmetry, the isotropic electric dipole cross section is obtained by a linear combination of three cross sections calculated along three perpendicular directions of polarization, namely σ(0,0) = 1/3(σxx + σyy + σzz) [44]. In practice, the cross section

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• loop using phase-based detection [71], frequency sweeps [40][64][72], or bias modulation [10][52][73]. The advantages of CL AM-KPFM are that it is easy to implement, is standard on most commercial AFMs, and has high bias sensitivity [74]. The disadvantages of this technique are that it is limited by

• ), there is a need to be able to determine the sign of VCPD measured since we are dividing amplitude responses that are always positive. These techniques rely upon the sign of the cosine of the phase of the first harmonic electrostatic response [80]. However, for small VCPD values, the phase is strongly

• affected by noise [42]. An alternative approach is to measure the phase difference between the electrostatic harmonics to enable the determination of the sign of the measured VCPD [42]. In addition, the relationship between the response at different frequencies is strongly influenced by the transfer

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• cells utilize a variety of extracellular structures such as flagella, pili, fimbriae, and curli fibres, as well as outer membrane proteins to attach to almost every surface [50][76]. During the reversible attachment phase of bacterial biofilm formation, surface pre-conditioning occurs due to soluble

• constitutively expressed, and adhesins are themselves involved in the initial attachment phase of pathogens, by interacting with both the host cell receptor phosphatidic acid and the co-receptor fibronectin. Recombinant production of MAM7 and subsequent coupling on polymer beads has been reported to decrease the