Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

• Daniel Emmrich,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
• Jörg K. N. Lindner,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

• long compared to the usual measurement times of half a minute to a few minutes. Furthermore, the neglect of impurities in the CNM results in incorrect mean free paths λ and leads to a thickness deviation from the first image on. To further investigate the observed phenomenon in the EFTEM measurement

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• there is no output current. Although the origin of the contact electrification has been a matter of debate for a long time, no conclusive model to explain this phenomenon has been proposed. Previous studies investigated whether the electron or ion transfer were dominant in the contact-electrification

• phenomenon. However, the results were highly controversial [88][89]. Xu et al. [90] have proposed that the quantification of the surface charge density at different temperature values is a critical method for investigating this phenomenon. This can be readily explored as an effective tool to identify the

• 2D P-TENGs in self-powered electrochemistry Metal corrosion is a common phenomenon and a considerable amount of resources are necessary in order to prevent it. Therefore, the development of technologies to protect metals against corrosion has a significant economic importance and has attracted

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• functions are performed by the male by displaying its strongly iridescent hind wings. The phenomenon of iridescence results from both diffraction and interference in the damselfly wings, and all observed colors result from a multilayer structure, that is, these wings are natural one-dimensional photonic

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• 2.5 nm (which is about the height of a PM lipid monolayer) is left on the substrate, which may have been a fully monolayered c-His PM before. The optimum DPR time is about 4 min. An investigation of the effects of applied voltage on the fusion phenomenon has shown that at low voltages of up to 0.5 V

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• from a material under electron bombardment. Ionoluminescence (IL) describes the equivalent phenomenon in HIM when free electrons in the sample are excited by the bombardment of the sample by helium ions and emit photons in the range from near-IR to near-UV [3][21][22][23]. IL spectra as well as the

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• comparison to the Fe 3d state in free MnFe2O4 (Figure 1e). The decrease of the σ signal and the increase of the intensity values of Fe 3d imply the possibility of a charge transfer from the MWCNTs to the MnFe2O4 attached outside of the tubes. Yu et al. reported that the charge transfer phenomenon can also be

Towards 3D self-assembled rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures by spontaneous peel off

• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1865–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.168

• is observed, by the naked eye, that layers peel off from the MWCNT forests after synthesis. This is observed without the need to apply any mechanical stress. However, when this phenomenon occurs, it is not possible to identify an area without MWCNTs. In other words, despite the peeling off the

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• probability of undergoing large-angle scattering. Hence, it will have a smaller energy loss per distance compared to random directions. This phenomenon is called the channeling effect and has been described for megaelectronvolt ions in detail in [17]. When compared to a random orientation, the channeling

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• voltage has a positive polarity (0.1–200 V), the structure of the photocurrent spectra is more complicated. It was observed that at low applied voltages (0.1–0.5 V) the photocurrent is negative, and at U = 1.0 V the photocurrent changes to positive values. This phenomenon can occur when the external

• build photodetectors with different signs of the photocurrent. This phenomenon of photocurrent sign inversion through polarization was also observed for photodetectors based on ZnAs2 anisotropic crystals [18]. Figure 8 shows that, besides the main peaks in the spectral distribution of the photocurrent

Direct observation of the Si(110)-(16×2) surface reconstruction by atomic force microscopy

• Tatsuya Yamamoto,
• Ryo Izumi,
• Kazushi Miki,
• Takahiro Yamasaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1750–1756, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.157

• protrusions did not appear after the state of the tip apex changed, it can be concluded that the LP-3 atom state (that is, whether it is pulled up by the tip or not) depends on the state of the tip apex. Figure 3c shows the same phenomenon as Figure 3a when using a different tip and a different Si(110) sample

• . Given that this kind of sudden protrusion could be imaged even with different Si tips and different samples, we can conclude that this phenomenon originates from the property of this reconstruction, and is not a coincidence. This indicates that among the atoms in this reconstruction surface, only the L

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

• Sebastian Friedrich and
• Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

• polymer film. At lower static forces, ripples [32][33][34] may be formed. This well-known wear phenomenon has been studied in detail, mostly through scans in contact mode, that is, without oscillations of the AFM tip. In particular, it is known that the amplitude and the wavelength of the ripples increase

• abrasion or plastic deformation, local wear may lead to the formation of agglomerates, which increase the roughness of the sample. Via changes in the contact geometry and in the contact radius ([3], page 83), this phenomenon affects significantly the determination of mechanical properties. (4) At lower

Functional nanostructures for electronics, spintronics and sensors

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1704–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.152

• includes several articles devoted to extra-sensitive detectors, their theoretical basis and technological process in terms of fabrication. For example, a novel phenomenon was presented in [15], which predicted the phenomena of superconductor–insulator quantum phase transitions in ultrathin capacitively

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• processes via the metal states. This phenomenon is generally referred to as “quenching” [5]. When the decoupling is not efficient, a fast and non-radiative decay of the excitation of the molecule via the metallic states prevails. Therefore, the probing of the FL of a molecule located at the outer surface of

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• manifestation of the energy parameters of this interaction in the electrical characteristics of the point contacts. Due to this phenomenon, the spectrum of the electron–phonon interaction in metals [5], superconductors [8][61], and even in more complex compounds such as organic conductors [62] can be easily

A self-powered, flexible ultra-thin Si/ZnO nanowire photodetector as full-spectrum optical sensor and pyroelectric nanogenerator

• Liang Chen,
• Jianqi Dong,
• Miao He and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1623–1630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.145

• the pyroelectric current. The reason for this phenomenon is mainly that the pyroelectric current induced by the pyroelectric effect is proportional to that is, inversely proportional to Δt. The short-circuit current response to UV illumination under zero bias is also measured and systematically

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• : metal alloys; nanoporous; oxygen plasma; silver; thin films; Introduction Silver corrosion upon exposure to atomic oxygen is a phenomenon that was highly studied in the 1980s. At that time, the main aim was to avoid the degradation of silver interconnects and switches used in satellites navigating in

• the low earth orbit (LEO) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Silver degradation related to this phenomenon was attributed to the strong chemical reaction between silver and atomic oxygen present in the LEO resulting in the transformation of the metallic silver into highly stressed and nanoporous silver

• oxide [1][2]. With the recent advancements in nanotechnology, this unique phenomenon received more attention since it can be used to generate nanoporous materials which are applicable in many areas, including drug delivery, biotechnology and sensor development. The interest in nanoporous materials

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• . However, the particle size can also be exploited in the presence of EP(3), as it is proportional to the square or the cube of the particle size, depending on which model is used [24][63][64]. In addition, a second nonlinear phenomenon to consider is dielectrophoresis, which is defined as the particle

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• multiple integer of the first, the phase contrast is increased. It should be mentioned that these results suggest self-excitation capability for V-shaped cantilevers since the frequency ratios are smaller. This phenomenon is more likely to occur in liquid environment where the quality factor (Q) is lower

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• Pacchioni et al. [4][5][6] and either inferred or observed for adsorbates ranging from metal atoms [7][8] and small molecules [9][10] to larger π-conjugated molecules [11][12][13]. This phenomenon has been comprehensively analyzed for 5A on epitaxial MgO(100)/Ag(100), in which orbital-resolved STM and

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• range of 10–240 mmol/L. This is within the pore formation regime according to Chartier et al. [13]. During the process, a gas formation could be observed for all samples. This phenomenon occurred solely at the uncovered areas. According to the reported etching mechanism, this outgassing is a result of

Superconductor–insulator transition in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1402–1408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.124

• less than 2. As a result, two superconducting wires become insulating as soon as they are brought sufficiently close to each other. This remarkable physical phenomenon is illustrated by the phase diagram in Figure 2b. In order to complete this part of our analysis, we point out that transport

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• TVB-TENG to the bottom one [46]. Therefore, it is expected that TVB-TENGs can produce a stable output power under the sustained effect of an external force. The potential distribution is illustrated to obtain a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. An oscilloscope (probe: 100 MΩ) was used to

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• physical vapour deposition (UHV−PVD). The theoretical models are based on a fundamental description of the dewetting phenomenon from an energetic point of view. Closer attention is given to the thermodynamic differences between gold and silicon or between gold and silicon oxide in terms of free energy and

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• or PFP with a flat-lying (long and short molecular axes parallel to the substrate) orientation, which have IEs (in monolayers on graphite) of 5.65 eV and 6.20 eV, respectively [25][26]. The decrease in the IE is due to solid state polarization, which is a general phenomenon for molecular thin films

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• . Upon reaching the tumour, the magnetic nanoparticles are locally subjected to an alternating magnetic field, generating heat that kills the cancer cells [1]. The heat is generated due to two phenomena: Néel relaxation (an internal phenomenon driven by the rotation of the particle magnetic moment inside

• the particle) and Brown relaxation (an external phenomenon driven by the rotation of the nanoparticle along the magnetic moment). Both internal and external sources of friction lead to a delay in the orientation of the particle magnetic moment in the direction of the applied magnetic field, thus