Characterization of nanostructured ZnO thin films deposited through vacuum evaporation

• Jose Alberto Alvarado,
• Arturo Maldonado,
• Héctor Juarez,
• Mauricio Pacio and
• Rene Perez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 971–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.100

• different sizes in the nanostructure. Film thicknesses between 45 nm and 123 nm were measured through profilometry after deposition times of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min. Photoluminescence characteristics of thin films The ZnO thin films annealed at 25, 400 and 600°C were analyzed by PL shown in Figure 5

• 45 nm and 123 nm by varying the deposition time (5 to 25 min). The XRD results show that this is a polycrystalline nanostructured thin film, and this is confirmed with the HRSEM images, but it is formed only at 600°C and disappears as the annealing temperature increases. From the photoluminescence we

Observing the morphology of single-layered embedded silicon nanocrystals by using temperature-stable TEM membranes

• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Jan Laube,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.99

• interface defects and hence leads to higher photoluminescence intensities as compared to Ar annealing [40][41]. Therefore, 10 nm SiO0.93 films were annealed in Ar and N2 (samples S4 and S5) atmosphere and compared by plane-view EFTEM that is presented in Figure 3. As can be seen at lower magnification

Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites prepared by carbothermal evaporation method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• D. K. Avasthi and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 928–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.96

• formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O2−) during visible-light-induced photocatalytic degradation of acid orange and 4-nitrophenol. The formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) was detected by photoluminescence studies using terephthalic acid as a probe molecule, while 1,4-benzoquinone

Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates

• Omar F. Farhat,
• Mohd M. Halim,
• Mat J. Abdullah,
• Mohammed K. M. Ali and
• Nageh K. Allam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 720–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.73

• of the films was evaluated by high-resolution XRD system (PAnalyticalX’pert, PRO MRD PW3040, Netherlands) with a Cu Kα radiation source of λ = 1.5406 Å. For the high-resolution measurements, this system resolution was 12 arc/s. An integrated micro-photoluminescence and a Raman spectrometer (Jobin

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• measured by using a super conducting quantum interface device (SQUID) magnetometer. The photoluminescence spectra of silica coated Gd2(CO3)3:Tb NPs showed a characteristic charge-transfer band at 225 nm and a narrow peak at 274 nm. The T1-weighted MR images were obtained by using a 0.5 T magnet. The

• antimouse IgG (GM IgG). The characterization of the prepared nanocomposites was performed through TEM, UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy studies. The absorption peak for CdTe QDs was observed at 570 nm and was shifted to 540 nm after silica coating of NPs. This shift

• TEOS and finally amine functionalization was achieved by using APS. At last MPA-activated CdTe QDs were incorporated into a silica shell containing Fe3O4 NPs. The synthesized NPs were characterized by XRD, TEM, photoluminescence spectroscopy and magnetometry studies. In powder XRD, six diffraction

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. The simple and smart synthesis anchored well the deposition

• NPs can be distinguished by two peaks centered at binding energies of 334.3 eV and 340.0 eV, which are assigned to Pd 3d5/2, and Pd 3d3/2, respectively (Figure 6b) [48] and confirm the predominantly metallic form of the deposited noble metal. Optical absorption and photoluminescence The optical

• % and 3.0 wt %) on the photocatalytic efficiency showed an optimum value at 0.5 wt %. According to the optical spectra and photoluminescence analysis the 1.0 wt % Pd/TiO2 was expected to yield a better photocatalytic efficiency than the others. This unexpected observance can be attributed to the

Carrier multiplication in silicon nanocrystals: ab initio results

• Ivan Marri,
• Marco Govoni and
• Stefano Ossicini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 343–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.33

• Trinh et al. [36] in order to explain results obtained in photoluminescence (PL) and induced absorption (IA) experiments conducted on dense arrays of silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs, NC–NC separation ≤ 1 nm). In the first set of experiments, the authors proved that although the excitation cross-section is

Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

• Jacques Perrin Toinin,
• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Michaël Texier,
• Maxime Bertoglio,
• Sandrine Bernardini,
• Marco Abbarchi and
• Lee Chow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 336–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.32

• , porous Si photoluminescence data can be interpreted either with a Q-wire model, or a model between the Q-wire and Q-dot models [2]. Porous Si optoelectronic properties were shown to be mainly determined by the “skeleton size” of the material and not by the pore sizes. However, in some cases, controlling

Tunable white light emission by variation of composition and defects of electrospun Al₂O₃–SiO₂ nanofibers

• Jinyuan Zhou,
• Gengzhi Sun,
• Hao Zhao,
• Xiaojun Pan,
• Zhenxing Zhang,
• Yujun Fu,
• Yanzhe Mao and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 313–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.29

• crystalline phase and microstructure of the composite nanofibers. Photoluminescence experiments indicated that the resulting white light emission can be tuned by the relative intensity of the individual spectral components, which are related to the individual defects such as: violet-blue emission from O

• materials. Keywords: Al2O3–SiO2; defects; electrospinning; nanofibers; photoluminescence; white light emission; Introduction During the last decade, nanoscale SiO2 has been intensely investigated as a new silicon-based light-emitting material. Its wide photoluminescence (PL) band ranges from the UV to red

• stretching of Si–O–Si or Si–O– defects [29]. Photoluminescence properties We systematically studied the PL properties of the Al2O3–SiO2 composite nanofibers using a 325 nm He–Cd laser. Figure 5a compares the PL spectra of the pure Al2O3, SiO2, and Al4Si6 samples. It is noted here that the fluorescence

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• /CdS/ZnS-Qdots in the liver. Keywords: biodistribution; chromium(III); 51Cr; quantum dots; SPIOs; zinc metabolism; 65Zn; Introduction Quantum dots (Qdots) are semiconductor nanocrystals (2–100 nm in diameter) that combine a strong, size-tunable photoluminescence with robust photostability, which

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• and optical band gap properties was evaluated [91]. Two intense blue emission peaks at ~480 nm and ~365 nm were observed upon encapsulation of BNNTs with Ni. The time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL) provided a photoluminescence spectrum with a bi-exponential decay of 280 ps. It was

Bright photoluminescence from ordered arrays of SiGe nanowires grown on Si(111)

• D. J. Lockwood,
• N. L. Rowell,
• A. Benkouider,
• A. Ronda,
• L. Favre and
• I. Berbezier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2498–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.259

• in the substrate by focused ion beam patterning for the preferential nucleation and growth of these well-organized NWs. The NWs thus produced have a diameter of 200 nm, a length of 200 nm, and a Ge concentration x = 0.15. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured at low temperatures (from 6

• occurring within the NWs. Keywords: bandgap; germanium; nanowires; near field; silicon; photoluminescence; Introduction Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are thought of as promising building blocks for opto-electronic devices that exploit their novel electronic band structures generated by two-dimensional (2D

• boxes in ordered arrays, as described above. These samples have NWs that have a nominal Ge concentration of x = 0.15 and that are 200 nm in diameter and 200 nm long, with a morphology similar to the Si NWs shown in Figure 2. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured at low temperatures (from 6 to

Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly

• Giuseppe Leone,
• Francesco Galeotti,
• William Porzio,
• Guido Scavia,
• Luisa Barba,
• Gianmichele Arrighetti,
• Giovanni Ricci,
• Chiara Botta and
• Umberto Giovanella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2450–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.254

• with homogeneous distribution of the hybrids exhibit ultraviolet–blue photoluminescence with a significantly enhanced photostability compared to the bare oligo(fluorene)s. Finally, under specific conditions, the polymer hybrid with higher oligo(fluorene) content spontaneously assembles into highly

• of making a composite that is processable from solution. The hybrid material films exhibit ultraviolet-blue photoluminescence with a significantly enhanced photostability with respect to the bare oligo(fluorene), thanks to the intercalation of the dye in between the inorganic layers which inhibits

Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices

• Stephanie Hirn,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Matthias Epple,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Markus Rehberg and
• Fritz Krombach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253

• muscle of living mice [44]. This technique allowed us to record images of Ag-NPs and lung tissue without additional labelling, since Ag-NPs exhibit strong two-photon-induced photoluminescence and enhanced THG signals through surface plasmon resonance [45][46]. As shown by multiphoton microscopy, the Ag

Synthesis of radioactively labelled CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots for in vivo experiments

• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Christoph Bauer,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Jörg Heeren,
• Stephen G. Hickey and
• Alexander Eychmüller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2383–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.247

• of CdSe/CdS QDs with a radioactive 65ZnS shell using a modified, operator-safe, SILAR procedure is presented. Under UV illumination, no difference in the photoluminescence of the radioactive and non-radioactive CdSe/CdS/ZnS colloidal solutions was observed. Furthermore, a down-scaled synthesis for

• successive ion layer adsorption and reaction method (SILAR) in order to achieve greater chemical stability, an enhancement of the fluorescence QY and a shift in the photoluminescence (PL) wavelength to the therapeutic spectral window [3][6][8]. When developing a synthesis for radioactively labelled QDs, one

Si/Ge intermixing during Ge Stranski–Krastanov growth

• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Antoine Ronda,
• Dominique Mangelinck and
• Isabelle Berbezier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.246

• characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Consequently, the control of the Ge island shape and density, as well as the control of Ge

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• by using the successive ion layer adhesion and reaction (SILAR) technique (Figure 2b). Upon the gradual change of the composition in radial direction, a bathochromic shift of the photoluminescence-band was observed due to the reduced confinement (Figure 2a). This goes along with the enhanced quantum

• ]. Moreover, Au nanorods as well as Au@MnO@SiO2 Janus particles were shown to emit strong photoluminescence under two photon excitation used for in vitro imaging (Figure 14) [39][92]. In comparison to conventional microscopy, multi-photon microcopy is superior regarding the reduced fluorescence background

• contribution of the hydration shell in non-polar or aqueous solution. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the photoluminescence dynamics of Au@MnO@SiO2-Atto495 Janus particles can be described by a bi-exponential decay progress. That is, it consists of two independent exponential decay

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• electroluminescence (EL) of the device can be reproducibly switched on/off as a function of temperature due to the thermal spin state switching. Indeed, the light emission of this type of OLED is severely quenched if the [Fe(dpp)2](BF)4 is in its LS form (T < 260 K). After a photoluminescence study of identical films

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• a hydrodynamic diameter of ca. 25 nm, as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The spectral position of the excitonic emission band was located at ca. 585 nm (FWHM: ca. 32 nm), and the photoluminescence quantum yield was around 20–30%. Setup of the 2-photon microscope Intravital 2PM was done

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• [33]. From the GISAXS analysis, it is possible to determine size, shape, inter-NC distance and size distribution of NCs. Among all properties of semiconductor NCs, the optical properties have been the most extensively studied, usually by using photoluminescence (PL). Si NCs often show strong

• , immediately forming an oxide cap. Surface oxidation also decreases the gap energy of the NC, shifting its absorption and photoluminescence edges to the red [64][65]. Models of Si NCs embedded in SiO2 also show an optical redshift following oxidation, and suggest that this effect is associated not only with

• into the fundamental optical and electronic properties of different types of NCs. An open issue still resides on the difficult task of bridging the length scales from the largest sizes achievable numerically to the smallest sizes produced experimentally. Evolution of the Si NC photoluminescence spectra

Controlling the optical and structural properties of ZnS–AgInS₂ nanocrystals by using a photo-induced process

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Fumihiro Morigaki and
• Tadashi Kawazoe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1767–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.187

• room-temperature operation of nanophotonic devices, the spectrum width of photoluminescence (PL) needs to be narrowed. Emission-wavelength controlled nanocrystals with a narrow spectral range are also of great interest for display devices. This is because nanometer-scale control in wavelength is

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• excitation wavelength dependent multicolor emission [2], upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) [3], resistance to photobleaching, chemical and photochemical stability, low toxicity [4][5], and bio-compatibility. These associated properties of CNDs are exploited mostly in bio-imaging [6][7][8][9][10], bio

• ) are shown in Figure 6a for TCND-1 and in Figure 6b for TCND-2, respectively. The TCNDs exhibit a characteristic multicolor photoluminescence (PL) emission, which is dependent on the excitation wavelength (λex). The CNDs solutions exhibited a maximum emission intensity at 428 nm (2.89 eV) for TCND-1

• nanoparticle mixture it was found that the fractionated CNDs exhibited a 5–6 times higher quantum yield than the unfractionated CNDs mixture. The reported results by Vinci et al. suggested that some components (absorbing species) present in the mixture did not exhibit photoluminescence and suppressed the

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the photoluminescence (PL) properties and hydrogen sensing characteristics of gas sensors is investigated. The PL intensity shows that the carrier dynamics coincides with the buildup of the Pd-related green emission. The comparison between the deep level emission and

• : carrier dynamics; hydrogen sensing; Pd-doped ZnO; photoluminescence; sensor; Introduction Semiconductor zinc oxides (ZnO) nanocrystals are not only interesting for fundamental physics, but they are also important for both optoelectronic and emerging electronic device applications, in particular for

• -temperature wet-chemical process. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements at room temperature are then carried out in order to determine the role of vacancies, trapping levels, and the transition shift of the PL emission maximum in these samples. In order to study and optimize the four main factors affecting the

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• , CZTSe nanocrystallites display efficient photoluminescence quenching as evident from the high value of the Stern–Volmer quenching constant (KSV) and eventually higher charge transfer efficiency in their respective polymer P3HT:CZTSe composites. We modelled the dependency of the charge transfer from the

• the above observations was provided by investigating the photoluminescence intensities of each of the prepared hybrid nanocomposites of CISe, CIGSe and CZTSe. Emission intensity studies for each of the nanocrystal inks: P3HT were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy to study trends of

Surface processes during purification of InP quantum dots

• Natalia Mordvinova,
• Pavel Emelin,
• Alexander Vinokurov,
• Sergey Dorofeev,
• Artem Abakumov and
• Tatiana Kuznetsova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1220–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.135

• optical properties. Two methods of purification were compared and the surface processes which occur during purification were studied. Traditional precipitation with acetone is accompanied by a small increase in photoluminescence. It occurs that during the purification the hydrolysis of the indium

• interest as a replacement for toxic CdSe quantum dots (QDs). Among them, InP QDs attracted the most attention because they are not toxic and have a broad photoluminescence color range in the visible spectrum. There are several methods to synthesize InP NCs. The most popular synthetic route is the reaction

• quartz cuvette. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured at room temperature with an Ocean Optics 4000 USB spectrometer calibrated by using a 2600 K W-lamp. Excitation of PL was carried out by using a 405 nm continuous laser LED (40 mW). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were taken on a Rigaku