A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• the tire industry [17], to medical catheters [18][19][20]. Surface modification to control friction is the subject of several patents [21][22][23][24]. Many techniques have been applied to study scratch resistance and friction [25][26][27][28]. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows for extending such

Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications

• Li-wei Liu,
• Si-yi Hu,
• Ying Pan,
• Jia-qi Zhang,
• Yue-shu Feng and
• Xi-he Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105

• aqueous solutions. It is critical to disperse QDs in water before their application by surface modification with biofunctional molecules for the purpose of bioimaging. However, for many biological applications, it is necessary to transfer the QDs into water through a capping ligand exchange [16][17][18

• ][19]. There are many reports about the surface modification of QDs in the literature, for example, by functionalizing QDs with small molecules, e.g., sulfanylpropanoic acid, coating QDs with a silica shell, and encapsulating QDs within micelle polymer nanoparticles. Amongst the most-studied

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• made to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO by decreasing the rate of recombination of electrons and holes by surface modification with noble metal nanoparticles [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Surface modification of ZnO nanostructures with noble metal nanoparticles improves the photocatalytic

DNA origami deposition on native and passivated molybdenum disulfide substrates

• Xiaoning Zhang,
• Masudur Rahman,
• David Neff and
• Michael L. Norton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 501–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.58

• significantly longer times. These findings will be beneficial for the fabrication of future DNA origami/MoS2 hybrid electronic structures. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); DNA origami; molybdenum disulfide (MoS2); pyrene; 1-pyrenemethylamine; surface modification; Introduction Since it was first

• the MoS2 substrate are of sufficient strength, further dispersion/equilibration in two dimensions would not be anticipated. This is consistent with the observation that the structures do not evolve significantly between 10 and 30 s of incubation. Surface modification using 1-pyrenemethylamine and

• constructs. While the surface roughness increased significantly to 5.3 Å after surface modification (Figure 3a), we found that DNA nanostructures remained intact in the presence of the 1-pyrenemethylamine adhesion layer (Figure 3b–d), in contrast to the DNA nanostructures deposited on the bare MoS2 surface

The softening of human bladder cancer cells happens at an early stage of the malignancy process

• Jorge R. Ramos,
• Joanna Pabijan,
• Ricardo Garcia and
• Malgorzata Lekka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 447–457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.52

• grown previously on a glass coverslip covered with poly-L-lysine. In the present studies no glass surface modification was introduced. Thus, substrate chemical properties do not change the relationship between non-malignant HCV29 and cancerous T24 cells. The comparison performed in the previous studies

Photoactivation of luminescence in CdS nanocrystals

• Valentyn Smyntyna,
• Bogdan Semenenko,
• Valentyna Skobeeva and
• Nikolay Malushin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 355–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.40

• the surface of NC. The observed effect is explained by the recombination mechanism that is responsible for the short-wavelength emission band. Keywords: cadmium sulfide (CdS); luminescence; nanoparticles; short-wavelength emission band; surface modification; Introduction Semiconductor nanocrystals

Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of flower-like ZnO nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Neha Bhardwaj,
• Jaspal Singh,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 763–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.87

• visible emission from ZnO nanostructures upon ageing is due to their surface modification with Zn(OH)2, which results in a decrease of the crystalline quality. Figure 7 shows the UV–vis absorption spectra of a 10 μM MB solution with sample S2’ as the photocatalyst. It can be seen that the photodegradation

New hybrid materials based on poly(ethyleneoxide)-grafted polysilazane by hydrosilylation and their anti-fouling activities

• Thi Dieu Hang Nguyen,
• François-Xavier Perrin and
• Dinh Lam Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.75

• (glass, polycarbonate, aluminium, steel, etc.) combined with a high brightness, a non-stick surface, and the resistance to heat, fire and UV irradiation. Poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(oxyethylene) (PEO) is a non-toxic polymer, which is used as a surface-modification agent, because it is effective in

Mapping of plasmonic resonances in nanotriangles

• Simon Dickreuter,
• Julia Gleixner,
• Andreas Kolloch,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Elke Scheer and
• Paul Leiderer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 588–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.66

• fluence associated with this ablation threshold of the plasmonic structures is strongly dependent on the particle size and shape and can be higher, the same or even lower than the removal threshold. Above the ablation threshold , the surface modification takes the form of material removal as well as

Digging gold: keV He⁺ ion interaction with Au

• Vasilisa Veligura,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Robin P. Berkelaar,
• Raoul van Gastel,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet and
• Bene Poelsema

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 453–460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.53

• guaranteed tip radius of less than 10 nm, and a typical resonance frequency of 150 kHz. The scan size was 2 × 2 μm2. Results and Discussion Au{111} surface modification We have recorded sequences of images of submicron size to study the evolution of the Au{111} surface under the impact of a focused He+ beam

• holes starts to appear on the surface (see Figure 2a). With a further increase of the fluence the porous structure gets more pronounced (Figure 2b and Figure 2c). In the case of 25 keV primary ion energy the surface modification initially looks similar to the one at 15 keV (Figure 2d), but at a fluence

• heal the defects. That process can be enhanced by in situ heating of a sample during ion bombardment. We mention, that the surface modification depends not only on the final fluence, but also on the speed at which it was generated. With an increase of the dose per scan, the modifications occur more

Photoelectrochemical and Raman characterization of In₂O₃ mesoporous films sensitized by CdS nanoparticles

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Sergey K. Poznyak,
• Eugene A. Streltsov,
• Anatoly I. Kulak,
• Olga V. Korolik and
• Alexander V. Mazanik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 255–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.27

• the SILAR deposition. The surface modification of In2O3 with CdS nanoparticles leads to the spectral sensitization of photoelectrochemical processes that manifests itself in a red shift of the long-wavelength edge in the photocurrent spectrum by 100–150 nm. Quantum-confinement effects lead to an

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

Controlled deposition and combing of DNA across lithographically defined patterns on silicon

• Zeinab Esmail Nazari and
• Leonid Gurevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 72–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.8

• molecules across lithographically defined patterns. The technique involves surface modification of Si/SiO2 substrates with a hydrophobic silane by using gas-phase deposition. Thereafter, DNA molecules are aligned by dragging the droplet on the hydrophobic substrate with a pipette tip. Using this procedure

• DNA–peptide conjugates. We suggest this method as a simple yet reliable technique for depositing and aligning DNA and DNA derivatives across nanofabricated patterns. Keywords: AFM; DNA molecular combing; DNA–peptide complexes; molecular electronics; surface modification; Introduction DNA is the

• but with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (Sigma-Aldrich) and one hour incubation time. The optimal conditions for combing were achieved with 20 mM ammonium acetate at pH 5.1 and N-octyldimethylchlorosilane surface modification. Molecular combing of DNA was performed according to the following procedure

Effect of normal load and roughness on the nanoscale friction coefficient in the elastic and plastic contact regime

• Aditya Kumar,
• Thorsten Staedler and
• Xin Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 66–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.7

• tribological processes is fundamental to many basic and applied problems, such as wetting, capillarity, adhesion, lubrication, sealing, hardness, micro/nanoindentation, atomic-scale probing, surface modification and manipulation [1][2][3]. The contact of two bodies may be defined by the influential parameters

Reversible mechano-electrochemical writing of metallic nanostructures with the tip of an atomic force microscope

• Christian Obermair,
• Marina Kress,
• Andreas Wagner and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 824–830, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.92

• related instruments can be used as tools for surface modification and nanolithography [9][10][11][12][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], even down to the atomic scale [41][42][43][44][45]. The great advantage of these instruments for nanoelectrochemistry is the fact that they also allow the in situ and real

Polymer blend lithography: A versatile method to fabricate nanopatterned self-assembled monolayers

• Cheng Huang,
• Markus Moosmann,
• Jiehong Jin,
• Tobias Heiler,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.71

• -defined surface chemistry. Here, we are aiming for a lateral polymer phase morphology that can be completely removed by a selective solvent to make the substrate available for well-defined chemical surface modification. This can be achieved by inserting a silane SAM, which then exposes a functional group

Nano-structuring, surface and bulk modification with a focused helium ion beam

• Daniel Fox,
• Yanhui Chen,
• Colm C. Faulkner and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 579–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.67

• surface and structure using advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques such as energy filtered TEM (EFTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We also present the limitations of this surface modification technique. Results and Discussion Sample 1 is a silicon lamella shown after

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of ascorbic acid by square-wave voltammetry

• Sushil Kumar and
• Victoria Vicente-Beckett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 388–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.45

• this study for the development of the analytical method for AA analysis. GCE surface modification The effect of using an increasing concentration of MWCNTs in 0.1% (w/v) Nafion solution to modify the GCE is depicted in the voltammograms of 1 mmol/L AA in 0.1 M acetate buffer presented in Figure 2. The

Variations in the structure and reactivity of thioester functionalized self-assembled monolayers and their use for controlled surface modification

• Inbal Aped,
• Yacov Mazuz and
• Chaim N. Sukenik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 213–220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.24

• sulfonate-bearing surface to constitute an important approach to systematic surface modification. Keywords: siloxane-anchored self-assembled monolayers; sulfonated interfaces; surface chemistry; Introduction Functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) provide powerful tools for conveniently adjusting

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• electrophilicity compared to silicon. Consequently, P–O–C bonds are quite stable against hydrolysis, and P–O–H groups are quite stable against homocondensation. Thus, during the surface-modification process, they should form only monolayers, independent of the water content. Moreover, organophosphoric acids can

• , it can be positively charged and dispersed under acidic conditions by electrostatic repulsion. It should be noted that surface modification of inorganic nanostructures in an aqueous solution is an environmentally friendly method. Figure 5 shows the thermogravimetric profiles of the original imogolite

• suitable for the modification of imogolite, because surface modification with organosilanes usually needs dry conditions in order to prevent unfavorable side reactions. Whereas with an AlOH functionalized external surface imogolite is a very hydrophilic material and can be dispersed only in acidic water by

Micro to nano: Surface size scale and superhydrophobicity

• Christian Dorrer and
• Jürgen Rühe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 327–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.38

• post structure was fabricated. The processed wafers were broken into individual dies and cleaned in de-ionized water, 2-propanol and acetone. Surface modification For the chemical surface modification, a benzophenone-based silane (4-(3’-chlorodimethylsilyl)propyloxybenzophenone) was first synthesized

Twofold role of calcined hydrotalcites in the degradation of methyl parathion pesticide

• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Geolar Fetter,
• María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejon,
• Adriana Tejeda-Cruz and
• Pedro Bosch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 99–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.11

• its degradation products have to be retained and/or decomposed in aqueous solutions. Studies concerning the surface modification of cationic clays and hydrotalcites with organic ions, as pesticide sorbents, have been reviewed by Cornejo et al. [5]. For instance, MP undergoes degradation when it is

Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics

• Huilin Shao,
• Tae-Jong Yoon,
• Monty Liong,
• Ralph Weissleder and
• Hakho Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17

• ). Bioorthogonal nanoparticle detection In addition to the previous strategies to improve the MNP core to enhance their relaxivities, surface modification of nanoparticles also improves their biosensing capabilities by amplifying their targeting valency for DMR applications. Bioorthogonal “click” chemistry has