Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• seems to facilitate the process of adsorption/desorption of intermediate species and the charge transfer ability during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/OER. In addition, the interfaces between Ni3C and N-doped C probably strongly reshuffle the electronic density, resulting in enhanced catalytic

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• bending modes, respectively, of the hydroxyl group in the HAp crystalline structure. Furthermore, the carbonate anion (CO32−) group adsorption bands were detected near 860 and 1420 cm−1. During the wet process, the HAp preparations can become easily contaminated with CO32− emanating from atmospheric CO2

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• the optical excitation can occur. The different FL lines can be ascribed to different environments of the adsorption sites, namely molecules adsorbed at surface defects, in large ordered domains, and located in the second layer. Keywords: decoupling; fluorescence; hexagonal boron nitride; 3,4,9,10

• ]. This again points to a difference in the bonding character on the two surfaces. Several studies have probed the influence of the adsorption on metal-supported hBN layers on the electronic structure of large organic molecules, namely their frontier orbitals, by PES [36] or STS [37][38]. However, to the

• ring at ca. 1,300 cm−1. In the following, we will refer to it as ring breathing (RB) mode. On Ag(111), two different adsorption states of PTCDA were observed. Both states are bonded chemisorptively to the surface [44]. The RB mode of PTCDA deposited at a low temperature (LT) of 180 K exhibits a Raman

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• the processes of adsorption and desorption and directly measure their energy parameters. Thus, the operation mechanism of the point-contact sensor and the measurement of the energy parameters of the components of the analyzed system can be understood as follows. Depending on the nature of a given

• molecule, the molecule can be characterized by a certain energy of interaction with the gas-sensing matrix material (i.e., the adsorption energy). Any adsorption event in the Yanson point contact entails a redistribution of the electron density in the conduction channel of the point contact, the scattering

• of the gas-sensitive material provides a reversible physical adsorption under the action of substances that prevail in the environment. When there are gaseous analyte substances near to the gas-sensitive surface, they occupy a certain portion of the active centers as a result of a competing

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• ); scanning tunnelling microscopy; Introduction The study of molecular adsorption on thin insulating films is motivated by the possibility to investigate and utilise molecular properties in their largely undisturbed state [1]. Molecule–thin film insulator interfaces are additionally of central importance in

• name two examples, the conductivity through a NaCl bilayer still dominates the conductivity along a molecular wire [4] and only the usage of thick NaCl films has enabled charge stability of single molecules [5]. A particularly well-studied case of surface-specific molecular properties is the adsorption

• different behaviour include the slight difference in the lattice constants of bulk and thin-film NaCl and the extension of the metallic state across the thin film. A difference in the molecular adsorption properties on insulating thin films of varying thickness has also been found for PTCDA molecules on

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• . Two peaks appeared at 2842 and 2942 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum of Ag2S prepared with CTAB. These peaks were attributed to the methylene (–CH2) extension vibration, indicating the adsorption of CTAB on the nanostructure surface. The broad IR peak at 3400 cm−1 is indexed to the presence of adsorbed water

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• ][33][34] provides a solution to the structure search conundrum. With BOSS, we adopt the aforementioned approach (ii) and construct the complete PES using a small number of energy points. To demonstrate the capabilities of BOSS, we apply it with DFT to the adsorption of (1S)-camphor (C10H16O, hereafter

• detect the stable adsorbate structures of camphor on Cu(111). With BOSS, we build a surrogate model of the PES of adsorption and data-mine this PES to identify the stable structures in its minima. We converge the model for a reliable detection of all the PES minima, not only the global energy minimum. We

• estimate the mobility of the adsorbates from the energy barriers extracted from the surrogate PES and analyze the electronic structure of each adsorbate. Our results provide insight into the adsorption of complex organic molecules on metallic substrates and pave the way to more complex studies of hybrid

Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100)

• Feifei Xiang,
• Tobias Schmitt,
• Marco Raschmann and
• M. Alexander Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1516–1524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.134

• Feifei Xiang Tobias Schmitt Marco Raschmann M. Alexander Schneider Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.134 Abstract Porphyrins represent a versatile class of molecules, the adsorption behavior of which on solid

• films on Ir(100) by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). The two substrates differ greatly with respect to their structural and potential-energy landscape corrugation with immediate consequences for adsorption and self-assembly of the molecules studied. On both films

• islands on the 2BL film. The findings demonstrate the guiding effect of the cobalt oxide films of different thickness and the effect of functional surface anchoring. Keywords: adsorption energy; molecular rotors; porphyrins; self-assembly; transition metal oxides; Introduction Due to their variability

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• )/Ag(100) work function after MgO film growth (ΦMgO) by changing the composition at the dielectric–metal interface without changing its surface [16][17][18][19], it has been recently shown that two distinct adsorption regimes exist [20]. On films with a high ΦMgO, all molecules in the ML remain neutral

• work function upon adsorption of the molecules (ΔΦ = Φmol − ΦMgO, where Φmol is the final work function after adsorption of the molecules) is very well described by electrostatics with a simple capacitor model given by where σ is the average charge density in the molecular film, εr is the dielectric

• function change induced by molecule adsorption (ΔΦ), obtained from the series of 6P saturation doses on MgO films with different ΦMgO values. The linear proportionality between ISOMO and ΔΦ agrees with the capacitor model [20], considering that ISOMO reflects the number of integer charged molecules in the

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• and photophysical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by chemical functionalization, adsorption on solid supports, and supramolecular organization is the key to optimize the application of these compounds in (opto)electronic devices. Here, we present a multimethod study comprehensively

• ; Introduction Atomic-level control of molecular materials at interfaces is crucial to fully exploit the materials’ potential in electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic, and sensing applications [1][2]. Specifically, the effects of adsorption, conformation, and supramolecular organization on the resulting

• , molecule–metal interactions can adversely affect the intrinsic electronic characteristics of molecular adsorbates and quench the optical properties [9][10][11][12][13]. Consequently, recent studies aiming to characterize the relation of adsorption, supramolecular organization, and electronic and optical

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• adsorption geometry of three-dimensional (3D) molecules on surfaces. While spectroscopic methods, such as X-ray standing waves [1] or photoelectron diffraction [2], can precisely determine the location of atomic species in ordered molecular systems on surfaces [3], scanning probe methods are commonly

• of small organic 3D molecules from NC-AFM data [10]. Adapting these approaches to a broad range of 3D molecules bears the strong potential not only to gain insight into the on-surface adsorption properties of molecules, but also to unravel the intramolecular geometry. A prototypical class of

• performed at 5 and 77 K on bulk and thin film samples, respectively. Previously, no difference in the molecular properties when comparing adsorption on CaF2(111) bulk and thin film surfaces has been observed [22]. The distance-dependency of the imaging contrast was analysed for constant-height data where

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• adsorption charge of 210 mC/cm²(Pt). An accelerated stress test (AST) consists of 10,000 triangular potentiodynamic cycles between 0.4–1 V vs NHE with a scan rate of 1 V/s. ORR mass activities were measured at 1600 rpm in oxygen-saturated 0.1M HClO4 at 25 °C and determined at 0.9 V vs NHE. When using GCEs as

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• identified. Glutamate-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be used for glutamate delivery to the nervous system or for glutamate adsorption (but with lower effectiveness) in stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy, and cancer treatment following by its subsequent removal using a magnetic field. γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with

• grafting of biomolecules via ionic bonding or adsorption and by the covalent conjugation of biomolecules via strong chemical bonding [17][18]. Noncovalent nanoparticle functionalization is relatively easy to undertake. However, the results are difficult to control and to reproduce presumably because of

• -aggressive and non-physiological solutions. Hence, the results cannot be translated directly to biological applications. The aims of this study were: (i) to develop new approach of glutamate adsorption measurements in different media using radiolabeled ʟ-[14C]glutamate and scintillation counting; (ii) to

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• ) on Ag(111) via X-ray standing waves (XSW), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) as well as ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS). XSW revealed that the adsorption distances of F4PEN in (sub)monolayers on Ag(111) were 3.00 Å for carbon atoms and 3.05 Å for fluorine atoms

• . The F4PEN monolayer was essentially lying on Ag(111), and multilayers adopted π-stacking. Our study shed light not only on the F4PEN–Ag(111) interface but also on the fundamental adsorption behavior of fluorinated pentacene derivatives on metals in the context of interface energetics and growth mode

• adsorbate [9][10][11]. However, at such interfaces, vertical adsorption heights [12][13], interface dipoles (vacuum level shifts) [9][14] and consequently the energy level alignment [15][16][17] are affected by fluorination. Furthermore, fluorination can change the molecular multilayer growth [18][19][20

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• medium channel [36][37][38]. However, the role of other impurities such as hydrogen and carbon from adventitious surface hydrocarbons in the observed p-doping ought to also be considered in future studies. For a given delivered dose, the ion beam provides a high concentration of effective adsorption

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• ][26][27] or alkane derivatives such as fatty acids [28][29][30] or alkylamines [31], especially when graphite is used as the substrate. The rationale here is that given the strong influence of the substrate lattice on the adsorption as well as the self-assembly of typical organic molecules, insertion

• symmetry of the underlying alkane layer [27]. Buffer layers of tetratriacontane [25] and tridecylamine [31] were used to template the self-assembly of copper phthalocyanine. Room temperature STM measurements revealed that the adsorption as well as the diffusion of clusters of CuPc molecules was strongly

• following major avenues: (1) The buffer layers, in principle, offer a new substrate with a different, often lower, symmetry. (2) The buffer layer has a different lattice constant compared to the solid substrate. (3) The adsorption enthalpy of the assembling moiety on the buffer layer is often different

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• (National Institute of Mental Health, USA). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and porosity of the CCGNFs were determined by using a surface area analyzer (Micromeritics, ASAP 2020, USA) at 77 K, taking into consideration the N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. X-ray diffraction (XRD

• composite, which was also a consequence of the increase in the amount of graphite in the composite. Nitrogen sorption analysis The pore structure characteristics and specific surface area of CGCNFs were determined by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and

• their corresponding pore-size distribution (PSD) curves were obtained by using Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analysis, as illustrated in Figure 4. The adsorption isotherms of DCGCNFs, OCGCNFs, and OPCGCNFs in Figure 4a showed a typical type IV behavior. There was a visible hysteresis loop between the

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• these redox reactions do not occur spontaneously in solutions of MnTUPCl in, e.g., a glass test tube [7], they do occur in the STM setup when two electrically connected conductive surfaces (tip and sample) are present. This suggests that adsorption of the molecules to these surfaces indeed activates

• of MnTUPCl, which is a sufficient amount to sustain the reactions for weeks, at least in principle. However, since we propose that the reduction of the manganese porphyrins takes place when they are adsorbed to the negatively biased electrode, their adsorption–desorption process must be dynamic. Once

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• based on nanotubes, nanorods, nanoneedles, or nanoplates are also used to detect HMIs selectively down to the nanomolar range [8][9][10][11]. Many authors used adsorption methods to extract heavy metal ions from groundwater [12][13][14][15][16]. However, this is only useful when a pollution source has

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• properties and a larger length-scale of the locally induced magnetic field in comparison to nanospheres with a similar volume, providing an enhanced MRI contrast [11][19][23], higher specific adsorption rate in magnetic hyperthermia [13], and better separation efficiency in magnetic separation of immune

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• , and second, a plateau appearing at low voltage. The regions may be assigned to the insertion of alkali ions between differently stacked carbon sheets in the sloping region on the one hand. On the other hand, alkali ion adsorption within nanopores in a “plating-like” adsorption process may explain the

• low voltage plateau due to multilayer adsorption. A direct correlation between the specific cumulative volume of pores smaller than 0.7 nm (ultramicropores) with the respective sodium storage capacity in cellulose-derived carbon showed decreasing sloping capacity and increasing plateau-like capacity

• either the reversible or the irreversible capacity [25]. Pores that can be accessed by solvent molecules of the electrolyte will contribute to the irreversible capacity, while smaller ones are suitable for the adsorption of alkali metal ions protected from side reactions with solvent molecules from the

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• decoupling process by a direct comparison of tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) adsorbed on Ni(111) with and without an h-BN interlayer. The latter is known to form a commensurate overlayer in which nitrogen and boron atoms occupy top and fcc hollow adsorption sites, respectively [17]. For this reason, h

• from Ni(111) due to the beginning adsorption already in the second (or higher) layer(s). Further, the somewhat larger peak widths, as compared to the spectra of DBP on mica [25], might be an inhomogeneous broadening effect caused by a higher degree of rotational disorder in the DBP film on Ni(111

• DBP with Ni(111), presumably via the localized d bands, causes a drastic decrease of the mobility of the molecules hindering the highly ordered assembly of the molecules due to a hit-and-stick adsorption. Such a behavior was also observed for one monolayer of pentacene on Ni(111) [30]. In contrast

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• Karl Rothe Alexander Mehler Nicolas Neel Jorg Kroger Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.100 Abstract Rubrene (C42H28) was adsorbed with submonolayer coverage on Pt(111), Au(111), and graphene-covered Pt(111). Adsorption phases and

• superstructure characterize the adsorption phase. The highest occupied molecular orbital of C42H28 on Au(111) exhibits weak vibronic progression while unoccupied molecular resonances appear with a broad line shape. In contrast, vibronic subbands are present for both frontier orbitals of C42H28 on graphene. They

• even after adsorption. For instance, adsorption on a BL often retains the sharp electronic and vibrational energy levels that are characteristic for the atom or molecule vacuum state and that would inevitably be broadened or even quenched upon adsorption on the metal surface. Narrow molecular

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• release at the targeted site. A functionalization that permits only adsorption can lead to premature drug release [33][46][80]. Mojica Pisciotti and co-workers [39] studied the effects of dextran and PEG coatings on two animal kidney cell lines and showed that dextran-coated SPIONs are not cytotoxic even

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• the new LDH-phosphate fertilizer. Furthermore, the application of LDH-phosphate yielded an increased pH value of the soil, thus contributing to the decrease of the phosphorus adsorption capacity of the soil, making this nutrient more available to the plants. These results confirmed that LDH-phosphate

• compositions used to prepare these materials. These analyses are important to evaluate the release properties. The nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms for ZnAl-NAA-LDH presented in Figure 3, yielding values of specific surface area, volume, and average pore diameter of 30.0 mg2·g−1, 0.175 cm3·g−1, and

• determined by measuring adsorption/desorption isotherms of N2 at −196 °C, using a surface area analyzer Micromeritics Model ASAP 2020n. The samples were heated at 80 °C for 48 h under reduced pressure before adsorption measurements. The specific surface area was determined by the BET method. Statistical