Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• these redox reactions do not occur spontaneously in solutions of MnTUPCl in, e.g., a glass test tube [7], they do occur in the STM setup when two electrically connected conductive surfaces (tip and sample) are present. This suggests that adsorption of the molecules to these surfaces indeed activates

• of MnTUPCl, which is a sufficient amount to sustain the reactions for weeks, at least in principle. However, since we propose that the reduction of the manganese porphyrins takes place when they are adsorbed to the negatively biased electrode, their adsorption–desorption process must be dynamic. Once

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• based on nanotubes, nanorods, nanoneedles, or nanoplates are also used to detect HMIs selectively down to the nanomolar range [8][9][10][11]. Many authors used adsorption methods to extract heavy metal ions from groundwater [12][13][14][15][16]. However, this is only useful when a pollution source has

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• properties and a larger length-scale of the locally induced magnetic field in comparison to nanospheres with a similar volume, providing an enhanced MRI contrast [11][19][23], higher specific adsorption rate in magnetic hyperthermia [13], and better separation efficiency in magnetic separation of immune

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• , and second, a plateau appearing at low voltage. The regions may be assigned to the insertion of alkali ions between differently stacked carbon sheets in the sloping region on the one hand. On the other hand, alkali ion adsorption within nanopores in a “plating-like” adsorption process may explain the

• low voltage plateau due to multilayer adsorption. A direct correlation between the specific cumulative volume of pores smaller than 0.7 nm (ultramicropores) with the respective sodium storage capacity in cellulose-derived carbon showed decreasing sloping capacity and increasing plateau-like capacity

• either the reversible or the irreversible capacity [25]. Pores that can be accessed by solvent molecules of the electrolyte will contribute to the irreversible capacity, while smaller ones are suitable for the adsorption of alkali metal ions protected from side reactions with solvent molecules from the

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• decoupling process by a direct comparison of tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) adsorbed on Ni(111) with and without an h-BN interlayer. The latter is known to form a commensurate overlayer in which nitrogen and boron atoms occupy top and fcc hollow adsorption sites, respectively [17]. For this reason, h

• from Ni(111) due to the beginning adsorption already in the second (or higher) layer(s). Further, the somewhat larger peak widths, as compared to the spectra of DBP on mica [25], might be an inhomogeneous broadening effect caused by a higher degree of rotational disorder in the DBP film on Ni(111

• DBP with Ni(111), presumably via the localized d bands, causes a drastic decrease of the mobility of the molecules hindering the highly ordered assembly of the molecules due to a hit-and-stick adsorption. Such a behavior was also observed for one monolayer of pentacene on Ni(111) [30]. In contrast

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• Karl Rothe Alexander Mehler Nicolas Neel Jorg Kroger Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.100 Abstract Rubrene (C42H28) was adsorbed with submonolayer coverage on Pt(111), Au(111), and graphene-covered Pt(111). Adsorption phases and

• superstructure characterize the adsorption phase. The highest occupied molecular orbital of C42H28 on Au(111) exhibits weak vibronic progression while unoccupied molecular resonances appear with a broad line shape. In contrast, vibronic subbands are present for both frontier orbitals of C42H28 on graphene. They

• even after adsorption. For instance, adsorption on a BL often retains the sharp electronic and vibrational energy levels that are characteristic for the atom or molecule vacuum state and that would inevitably be broadened or even quenched upon adsorption on the metal surface. Narrow molecular

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• release at the targeted site. A functionalization that permits only adsorption can lead to premature drug release [33][46][80]. Mojica Pisciotti and co-workers [39] studied the effects of dextran and PEG coatings on two animal kidney cell lines and showed that dextran-coated SPIONs are not cytotoxic even

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• the new LDH-phosphate fertilizer. Furthermore, the application of LDH-phosphate yielded an increased pH value of the soil, thus contributing to the decrease of the phosphorus adsorption capacity of the soil, making this nutrient more available to the plants. These results confirmed that LDH-phosphate

• compositions used to prepare these materials. These analyses are important to evaluate the release properties. The nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms for ZnAl-NAA-LDH presented in Figure 3, yielding values of specific surface area, volume, and average pore diameter of 30.0 mg2·g−1, 0.175 cm3·g−1, and

• determined by measuring adsorption/desorption isotherms of N2 at −196 °C, using a surface area analyzer Micromeritics Model ASAP 2020n. The samples were heated at 80 °C for 48 h under reduced pressure before adsorption measurements. The specific surface area was determined by the BET method. Statistical

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• during the adsorption process but not in the mobility of these holes. However, the changes in the electrical properties induced by these gases were very small and irreversible and were, later on, confirmed and explained in a systematic, relevant work [5]. In the early 2000s, Tsiulyanu and coworkers [6

• suitable explanation for the reduction in the response and recovery times with the increase in temperature might be the shift in the adsorption–desorption equilibrium, pointed out in Langmuir's theory [31]. The nanostructuring of Te-based films by growing amorphous Te on nanoporous Al2O3 substrates (Figure

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• determined by thermogravimetric (TG) measurements, which indicates that the change in morphology of the polymer films is solely a result of a conformational change of the surface-grafted polypeptides. Furthermore, adsorption of a test analyte (chloroanilic acid) was investigated with respect to different

• polymer functionalization schemes for reversed-phase solid phase extraction applications. The adsorption capability of the functionalized composite membrane was increased from 16.7% to 38.1% compared to the native ALOX-membrane. Keywords: alumina; composite membrane; polymer-based sorbent

• -grafted gel might be interesting in membrane separation technology or supported drug release/adsorption systems. We investigate the ability of polyphenylalanine to form organo-gels in situ within a porous inorganic environment with respect to different volume fractions of DCM in the solvent mixture. We

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Christian Ritz,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

• (roughly 20 minutes apart) due to adsorption and desorption. The estimate of coefficient a is depicted in Figure 3d, showing a material contrast caused by the difference in the capacitance gradient. The expected state variances are shown in Figure 3f–h. Due to the nonlinearity of the KFM system, the

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• . By comparison with existing literature and MD simulations, we can assign the single laterally ordered layer to the first solvation layer. This first layer is fundamentally different from the following layers as the ethanol molecules adopt specific adsorption positions on the carbonate surface. In

• single laterally ordered layer directly above the calcite surface, which fits perfectly to the MD simulation data. This finding can be understood by the different chemical environment. While the first layer adopts well-defined adsorption positions on the carbonate surface, the following layers only

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• therefore their brain delivery is reduced [133]. Furthermore, attention should be given to the toxicity of cationic nanoparticles, as they may alter cell membranes during adsorption. For instance, cationic gold nanoparticles have been shown to be 27 times more cytotoxic than their negative counterparts, due

• the amount of drug delivered to the brain by coating and conjugating SLNs. Coating SLNs with PS80 has been proven to be successful for the brain delivery of curcumin [161]. Studies have shown that PS80 allows ApoE adsorption on SLNs in the same way as for PBCA and PLGA nanoparticles [162]. Surface

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.11.67 Abstract The adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) molecules on rutile TiO2(110) was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Low-temperature STM

• tunneling microscopy (STM); tin phthalocyanine (SnPc); titanium dioxide (TiO2); Introduction Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are aromatic molecules that can form metal complexes with a variety of elements, which can be used to tune molecular properties, such as position or shape of adsorption bands. Therefore, Pcs

• show tremendous potential for a multitude of applications [1][2][3][4][5]. In many applications, the interface between a Pc molecule and the surface onto which it is adsorbed is of paramount importance. It is the adsorption configuration that affects phenomena such as charge transfer and layer

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• –Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas were calculated from five adsorption points in the range of p/p0 = 0.02–0.1 for CTF-1-400 and Ni/CTF-1-400-20, of p/p0 = 0.1–0.3 for Ni/CTF-1-400-35 and of p/p0 = 0.1–0.2 for CTF-1-600 and its corresponding composites. The pore size distribution was derived by NLDFT

• , (c) Ni/CTF-1-600-22 and (d) Ni/CTF-1-600-33. Ni atoms are depicted in red. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms (at 77 K) of Ni/CTF-1 composites. XPS measurements of Ni/CTF-1-600-22 with deconvoluted Ni 2p (left) (Sat. = satellite) and N 1s spectra (right). (a) OER polarization curves of

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• such issues. For example, the adsorption of self-assembled monolayers on contacting surfaces is one method by which the surface can be modified to reduce the detrimental impacts of adhesion, friction and wear [15][16][17]. The nanometer length scales over which these processes modify surface

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• photocatalysis was performed under 300 W Xe light using 15 mL of a 5 ppm MB aqueous solution. Before starting the photocatalysis, the sample was immersed in the MB solution and allowed to remain in the dark for 30 min to reach the adsorption–desorption balance. Then, the solution was placed under a light source

• the catalyst, so the catalyst needs to have a certain adsorption capacity for dye molecules. Due to the presence of oxygen vacancies, the surface of TiO2 is usually negatively charged and has a good adsorption capacity for cationic dye molecules [36]. Commonly used cationic dyes are rhodamine, methyl

Correction: An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 678–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.54

• Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany, Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.54 Keywords: adsorption; carbon materials; mesoporosity; microporosity; microstructure; pore

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• for 2 h to achieve an adsorption–desorption equilibrium. Next, photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was carried out under UV irradiation (λ = 254 nm). The UV lamp had a light intensity of 1.1 mW/cm, which was measured by a radiometer. The degradation rate of methyl orange was determined by

• due to the adsorption of a small amount of methyl orange on the CNFMs. Samples B, C and D all had a good photocatalytic degradation effect on methyl orange. The photocatalytic degradation rate of the sample D almost reached its maximum after 5 h. Compared with the final degradation rate of sample B

• and sample C, that of sample D was the highest with up to 92.7%. That meant the heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded CNFMs had the best photocatalytic degradation effect due to the wider UV adsorption region. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using the heterostructured CuO-ZnO

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• reduced to a thiol moiety [37]. If this is the case, it may be hypothesized that the generated thiols adsorb on the surface of the silver nanoparticles (the adsorption of thiols on silver surfaces is a well-known phenomenon). It should be noted, however, that the binding energy of sulfur in aromatic

• nanoparticles. This approach is similar in some aspects to synthetic strategies reported in the literature. For example, Li et al. [41] proposed the decoration of the surface of polystyrene microspheres with silver nanoparticles through adsorption (the Ag nanoparticles were generated in the solution through

• reduction of AgNO3 with sodium borohydride). Since polystyrene is hydrophobic, the adsorption of hydrophilic Ag species in aqueous medium results in a decrease of the Gibbs surface free energy. The advantage of this method is its simplicity. However, even though it was demonstrated that the resulting

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• under different temperatures and applied for the purification of water contaminated with dye molecules of different sizes and charge by adsorption. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, it was found that the hydrophobicity, pore size and mesopore volume increased. A mesoporous PDC sample obtained via

• pyrolysis at 900 °C showed remarkable performance in the adsorption of dye molecules, irrespective of dye charge, especially in the removal of bulky dye molecules, such as acid red 1 (AR1) and Janus green B (JGB). For example, the most competitive PDC material showed a Q0 value (maximum adsorption capacity

• ) 8.1 times that of commercial, activated carbon for AR1. The remarkable adsorption of AR1 and JGB over KOH-900 could be explained by the combined mechanisms of hydrophobic, π–π, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Keywords: acid red 1; adsorption; bulky dye molecules; Janus green B

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• have shown that specific NPs have been able to bind to biomolecules from the coagulation system and induce haemorrhage or thrombosis [4]. The depletion of soluble coagulation factors (e.g., fibrinogen, XII factor) may occur following adsorption of the factors at the NP surface. On the other hand, the

• activation of some factors by surface-driven exposure of cryptic domains following adsorption was reported in some studies [5][6]. Other studies have reported the NPs ability to damage or activate platelets, endothelial cells or monocytes [4]. Some physicochemical properties, including the surface charge and

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• formation and aggregation. This sequential adsorption of layers finally leads to electrostatically bound multilayers in which charge inversion is the main driving force controlling the assembly [40]. The strength and physical principles governing electrostatic interactions was recently explored by Lytle et

• changing the integrity or permeability. Magnetic NPs have shown greater cytotoxicity in comparison with microcapsules containing an equivalent amount of magnetite [79]. The first and foremost way of incorporating NPs into the shell is either by the adsorption of NPs over the sacrificial template or using

• 5 peptide grafted PGA [107]. The homogeneous adsorption of charged lipids such as dipalmitoyldiphosphatidic acid (DPPA), dipalmitoyldiphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and sphingosine over a capsule surface has been achieved in two ways: 1) the adsorption of lipid vesicles via electrostatic interactions

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• fact that it was impossible to use a nitrocellulose membrane for dot assay of the glycosides because of the higher hydrophilicity of this material than that of PVDF. For both glycosides 1 and 2, there was no adsorption to the nitrocellulose membrane, and as a consequence, no reaction with specific

• thermostat at 60 °C for 15 min. After spotting and drying, the membrane was then blocked for 12 h with 2% powdered milk diluted in 10 mM PBS. This procedure was performed to prevent a nonspecific antibody adsorption. Then the membrane was incubated in the obtained rabbit antisera, diluted 1:50 with 0.01 M

• twofold dilutions (initial concentration, 108 cells·mL−1) were immobilized in the wells through simple adsorption, kept for 30 min on a shaker at room temperature. The samples were replaced with 100 μL of 0.05% polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG), added to each well to block the free binding sites on

Atomic-resolution imaging of rutile TiO₂(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Daiki Katsube,
• Shoki Ojima,
• Eiichi Inami and
• Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 443–449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.35

• microscopy (STM) [10][11][12], transmission electron microscopy [13][14], and density functional theory (DFT) [15][16][17][18][19]. These studies have determined many surface properties such as structure, local defects, and adsorption sites. The (1 × 1) surface transforms to the (1 × 2) surface by oxygen

• not the periodic (1 × 2) surface is a symmetric structure. The determination of the surface structure is crucial to understand the surface phenomena, such as adsorption, absorption, and decomposition in photocatalytic reactions. In this study, we characterized the periodic structure of the rutile TiO2

• believe information on the geometry of the rutile TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface is useful for understanding surface phenomena, such as adsorption, absorption, and decomposition in photocatalytic reactions. Structural models of rutile TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface: (a) Symmetric Ti2O3