Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• solution (0.5 mL, 0.25 M) and kept for 1 h under stirring. The resultant suspension was aged for 24 h. Sample S-P: AgNO3 (1000 mL, 0.5 M) and K2CrO4 (1000 mL, 0.25 M) aqueous solutions were mixed together under vigorous stirring. The resultant suspension was then aged for 24 h. Sample S-H: The sample

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and KOH involves the following reactions [37]: The concentration of KOH is an important factor in deciding the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures that are formed. The addition of aqueous KOH into Zn salt solution leads to formation of white precipitates of Zn(OH)2

• on the effects of trisodium citrate on the shape evolution of ZnO nanostructures will be reported elsewhere. Photocatalytic studies Figure 7 shows the UV–visible absorption spectra of 10 μM MB aqueous solutions with different photocatalysts AZ210, AZ310, AZ410 and AZ510 following the irradiation with

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• enhanced visible light absorption has been exploited for driving the photocatalytic degradation of RhB in aqueous solutions (vide infra). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the cerium oxide sample supported the mesoporous nature and nanosphere morphology of the material (Figure 3a). The

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• , China). All reagents were analytical grade and used without further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared with Milli-Q purified water (>18.0 MΩ·cm). The acetate buffer system (containing 0.2 M HAC-NaAC) was selected as buffer solution. Apparatus A Hitachi S-4800 field-emission scanning

Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts

• Michaela Nebel,
• Thomas Erichsen and
• Wolfgang Schuhmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 141–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.14

• ], future work aims towards the high-resolution detection of catalytic activity at elevated temperatures. Experimental Chemicals and materials All chemicals were used as received without further purification and all aqueous solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (Siemens Water Technologies

Some reflections on the understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt(111)

• Ana M. Gómez-Marín,
• Ruben Rizo and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.108

• Clavilier et al. [72]. All the experiments were carried out at room temperature, approximately 22 °C, in a two-compartment, three-electrode all-glass cell, by following a well detailed experimental protocol [73]. Suprapure perchloric acid (Merck) and H2O2 (Panreac) were used to prepare the aqueous solutions

Energy transfer in complexes of water-soluble quantum dots and chlorin e6 molecules in different environments

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Alexander V. Baranov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov and
• Mikhail Artemyev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.101

• CdSe/ZnS with different core sizes (2.5 nm, 3.5 nm, and 5 nm) were synthesized using similar methods as previously described [9]. All QD samples have a QY of about 20% in hydrophobic solvents and 5–8% in aqueous solutions. Complex formation in aqueous solutions To form water-soluble complexes of

• of the etching, carboxyl groups are produced on the interior surface and in the loosened layer nearby the pore wall. The dissociation of the carboxyl groups in aqueous solutions leads to the appearance of negative charges on the track pore surface [11]. This gives the opportunity to passivate the

• into the membranes due to electrostatic interaction with the carboxyl groups on the inner surface and in the loosened layer on the track pore wall. Membranes with embedded QDs were impregnated by aqueous solutions of Ce6 for formation of the QDs/Ce6 complexes. In order to study the dependence of the

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• BNNT-polymer composites can be prepared from polymeric structures containing aromatic moities to enhance their dispersibility in organic solvents [9][10]. DNA and proteins such as ferritin are used to disperse BNNTs in aqueous solutions for biological applications [11]. The BNNTs are also used to

Probing the plasmonic near-field by one- and two-photon excited surface enhanced Raman scattering

• Katrin Kneipp and
• Harald Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 834–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.94

• following, we want to determine how many molecules can find a place at the hottest hot spots. Based on this information, we can infer the number of hot spots and their geometrical size. SERS signal vs concentration of the target molecule The experiments were performed in aqueous solutions of silver

• factor on the order of 1014 when 830 nm excitation is used. This level of enhancement was confirmed by checking anti-Stokes to Stokes signal ratios in SEPARS experiments. SERS samples of rhodamine 6G concentrations between 10−15 and 10−6 M were prepared by adding aqueous solutions of the dye at

Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of flower-like ZnO nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Neha Bhardwaj,
• Jaspal Singh,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 763–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.87

• uses zinc acetate and KOH as precursors mixed in a ratio of 1:10 under stirring at 60 °C. It is well known that the formation of ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous solutions from Zn(CH3COO)2 and KOH under alkaline conditions and heating involves the following reactions [39][40]: Firstly, the addition of KOH

• chemical route using alkali precipitation from aqueous solutions of Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and KOH. In a typical synthesis, calculated amounts of Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O was added into 100 mL of doubly distilled water under stirring to prepare 0.02 M, 0.05 M and 0.1 M solutions. Different amounts of KOH were added

• measuring the degradation of MB under sunlight irradiation. Aqueous solutions of 22.4 μM MB were prepared in 100 mL doubly distilled water. For the photocatalytic studies, typically 5 mg of the as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures as photocatalysts were ultrasonically dispersed the MB solutions in 10 mL glass

Ultramicrosensors based on transition metal hexacyanoferrates for scanning electrochemical microscopy

• Maria A. Komkova,
• Angelika Holzinger,
• Andreas Hartmann,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov,
• Christine Kranz,
• Arkady A. Karyakin and
• Oleg G. Voronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 649–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.72

• achieved. However, the stability of PB in neutral aqueous solutions is not sufficient in respect to the long-term continuous monitoring of high levels of H2O2 [20]. Moreover, different iron complexing agents (e.g., EDTA) are known to solubilize PB. This problem is particularly severe for PB-modified UME

• (CN)63− ions tend to form insoluble precipitate in pure aqueous solutions. Therefore an excessive amount of supporting electrolyte (0.5 М KCl) was used during the deposition of Ni–HCF films. Deposition of Ni–HCF was performed by using CV as described elsewhere [20]. Every two cycles of PB deposition

Nanoscopic surfactant behavior of the porin MspA in aqueous media

• Ayomi S. Perera,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 278–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.30

• aggregation of individual MspA in aqueous solutions ((5 × 10−5)× PBS and 1× PBS) as a function of temperature. The results are summarized in Figure 2. MspA shows a distinct tendency to aggregate independently of the ionic strength of the surrounding medium. The maxima in hydrodynamic diameter of the

Influence of the solvent on the stability of bis(terpyridine) structures on graphite

• Daniela Künzel and
• Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 269–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.29

• solvent, we have taken into account 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), which was used in the experimental work [6]. Additionally, we have also considered water as a reference since many organic molecules are deposited from aqueous solutions. In this work, we show that the molecule–solvent interaction has an

Controlled deposition and combing of DNA across lithographically defined patterns on silicon

• Zeinab Esmail Nazari and
• Leonid Gurevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 72–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.8

• subject of many investigations in different areas of nanotechnology research, ranging from genomic and biological studies [1][2] to the development of nanomachines and nanocircuits [3]. However, native double-stranded (ds) DNA is a flexible polymer that forms a random coil in aqueous solutions, hence

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• the template method in combination with electrodeposition of semiconductor nanowires (such as ZnO, Si, or ZnTe) has been rather limited. Cylindrical ZnO nanowires have been electrochemically grown from aqueous solutions in the pores of both alumina and etched ion-track membranes with a rather limited

Conducting composite materials from the biopolymer kappa-carrageenan and carbon nanotubes

• Ali Aldalbahi,
• Jin Chu,
• Peter Feng and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 415–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.48

• and polymers include, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, Triton X-100 and polystyrene sulfonate [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, it has been established that biopolymers such as gellan gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic and iota-carrageenan are effective for the dispersion of CNTs in aqueous solutions

Forming nanoparticles of water-soluble ionic molecules and embedding them into polymer and glass substrates

• Stella Kiel,
• Olga Grinberg,
• Nina Perkas,
• Jerome Charmet,
• Herbert Kepner and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 267–276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.30

• were created by the application of ultrasonic waves to the aqueous solutions of these salts. When the sonication was carried out in the presence of a glass microscope slide, a parylene-coated glass slide, or a silicon wafer the ionic NPs were embedded in these substrates by a one-step, ultrasound

• synthesized nanoparticles or those purchased from commercial sources ("throwing stones" mode of deposition) [19]. The present work describes an additional route for the deposition of nanoparticles. It was found that the sonication of aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds (NaCl, CuSO4, KI) resulted in the

Self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane: Surface structures formed using different protocols of particle lithography

• ChaMarra K. Saner,
• Kathie L. Lusker,
• Zorabel M. LeJeune,
• Wilson K. Serem and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 114–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.12

• handled carefully. After acid cleaning, the substrates were rinsed with copious amounts of deionized water and dried in air. Size-sorted, monodisperse polystyrene latex mesospheres (200 nm diameter) were used as surface masks for patterning (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltman, MA). Aqueous solutions of

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• groups/nm2 for H3Si(CH2)8SiH3. Unlike organosilane SAMs, whose tendency to form on TiO2 and SiO2 is quite similar, SAMs having phosphonic acid as their connecting head group are not formed on silicon dioxide but are formed easily from aqueous solutions on TiO2, Al2O3, Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 [27]. FTIR

• adsorbed on the nonexposed domains of a p-tolyltrichlorosilane SAM, was added prior to the TiO2 growth step [76]. This shielding reagent, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, was chosen based on its tendency, in aqueous solutions, to attach only to hydrophobically-terminated SAMs, due to its amphiphilic nature

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• -Evonik/Headwaters developed a new technology based on the use of aqueous solutions of H2O2 and a fixed-bed TS-1 reactor. At the end of 2008, the largest plant using this new process was started up in Antwerp by BASF/Dow. Although the implementation of TS-1 has been successful, there are still some

Approaches to nanostructure control and functionalizations of polymer@silica hybrid nanograss generated by biomimetic silica mineralization on a self-assembled polyamine layer

• Jian-Jun Yuan and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 760–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.84

• nanograss as prepared by mineralization of the nanostructured LPEI layer, which was formed from LPEI aqueous solutions with concentrations of 3.0 wt % (Figure 5a–c) and 5.0 wt % (Figure 5d–f). The silica-mineralization reaction was performed by using a source mixture of 15 mL water and 0.5 mL MS51 for 40

Lifetime analysis of individual-atom contacts and crossover to geometric-shell structures in unstrained silver nanowires

• Christian Obermair,
• Holger Kuhn and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 740–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.81

• , except for a small region with less than 25 µm in diameter around the gap, in order to keep the electrochemical leakage currents low (below 0.1%). This arrangement was exposed to electrolytes consisting of 1 mM AgNO3 (p.a., Merck) and 0.1 M HNO3 (suprapure, Merck) as aqueous solutions within an

The atomic force microscope as a mechano–electrochemical pen

• Christian Obermair,
• Andreas Wagner and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 659–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.70

• were measured both before and after each experiment. Aqueous solutions of 50 mM H2SO4 (Suprapur, Merck) with 1 mM CuSO4 (p.a., Merck) were used as electrolytes. The potentials given in this article were measured against Cu/Cu2+ electrodes. Electrochemical deposition was performed at an overpotential of

Dynamics of capillary infiltration of liquids into a highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube film

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 311–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.36

• infiltration of the HACNT film by three different aqueous solutions, characterised by various dielectric constant, namely distilled water (as a reference) (left), saturated saline (centre) and saturated sucrose solution (right). Water and saline solution both formed droplets that slide on the highly

• allows us to qualify the herein considered HACNTs film as a “superhydrophobic” material [27]. In contrast, an unexpected behaviour in the series of aqueous solutions was observed for sucrose, which slowly, but entirely, infiltrated the HACNT film. Theoretically, two requirements for a successful

• different aqueous solutions. Each image contains a droplet of water (left), saturated saline solution (centre) and saturated sucrose aqueous solution (right). Time of infiltration of HACNTs film as a function of the dynamic viscosity of a range of viscous liquids. Infiltration time (t) of the HACNT film

Room temperature synthesis of indium tin oxide nanotubes with high precision wall thickness by electroless deposition

• Mario Boehme,
• Emanuel Ionescu,
• Ganhua Fu and
• Wolfgang Ensinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 119–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.14

• below yields open end nanotubes with well defined outer diameter and wall thickness. In the past, zinc oxide films were mostly preferred and were synthesized using electroless deposition based on aqueous solutions. All these methods previously developed, are not adaptable in the case of ITO nanotubes

• growth mechanism of the ITO-NTs was proposed on the basis of the experimental results. Previously zinc oxide films have been prepared by electroless deposition in aqueous solutions under different conditions as shown in Table 1. Ito et al. obtained highly oriented crystalline films, grown directly on a

• substrate in aqueous solutions containing urea [19]. Crystalline zinc oxide films were prepared in alkaline aqueous solutions containing ethane-1,2-diamine as a chelating agent [20]. Well aligned ZnO microrods within a thin film were formed by the thermal decomposition of an amino complex based on Zn2+ and