Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• for the adverse effects of NPs, e.g., cytotoxicity [8], unknown effects of its biological distribution [9] and genotoxicity [10]. At the same time, we realize that in most cases the pathway of how NPs enter the human body remains unknown. When we are exposed to NPs, they can enter our body though

• cytotoxicity in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and these effects are related to the activation of potassium channels [49]. Iron oxide NPs also induce inflammation and malfunction in vascular endothelial systems [50]. In the following, we will present assumptions about how the NPs behave in blood

• vessels, in particular about (1) NPs pass through the endothelial layer of blood vessels and (2) NPs cause cytotoxicity in surrounding tissues under the endothelial layer. Endothelial cells and tight junction The endothelium provides a thin layer of cells that covers the internal surface of blood vessels

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• conjugated to either polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [20] or to aptamer-wrapped SWCNTs via π–π interactions. In both cases the cytotoxicity of the conjugates was verified on the selected cancer cell lines. In this study the influence of both free daunorubicin

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• uptake and toxicity of metallic NPs [41][42], whereas differences in surface coatings influence cytotoxicity and surface charge [43]. However, it is still unclear how different surface coatings affect the interaction of NPs with biological environments and the formation of the protein corona. Because

Nanoinformatics for environmental health and biomedicine

• Rong Liu and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2449–2451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.253

• components calculated from nanoparticle size and surface properties using Kriging estimations [14]. Another contribution reports on the development of models to predict the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers using molecular descriptors [15]. Nanomaterials that have potential to cause disease (e.g., TiO2

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• ”, whilst the concept of “factors” refers to “variables that are changed for studying their effects on the measured endpoint” [17]. If the assay is biological (e.g., an in vitro cytotoxicity assay), the originally sourced biological material is considered the original material, with its identifier reported

• : cytotoxicity (“a_InvID_cytotoxicity.cell-viability_Method.xls”, “a_InvID_cytotoxicity.sub-lethal_Method.xls”) and genotoxicity (“a_InvID_genotoxicity_Method.xls”). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are amongst the endpoints which are frequently considered when evaluating metal oxide nanoparticles in cell-based in

• vitro assays [4][84]. A number of nano-QSAR models have been developed for cytotoxicity [13][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] and some models have also been developed for nanomaterial genotoxicity [9][92][93]. The genotoxicity Assay file template (“a_InvID_genotoxicity_Method.xls”) was designed to capture

Temperature-dependent breakdown of hydrogen peroxide-treated ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticle agglomerates

• Sinan Sabuncu and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1897–1903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.193

• demonstrated that the treatment of ZnO NPs with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) affected the surface properties and as a result the cytotoxicity of the ZnO NPs was found to decrease [20]. H2O2 is a powerful oxidizer and it is therefore routinely used in many cleaners and bleaches. Living systems can produce hydrogen

Predicting cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers using molecular descriptors

• David E. Jones,
• Hamidreza Ghandehari and
• Julio C. Facelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1886–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.192

• techniques can be used for the development of predictive models of the cytotoxicity of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers using their chemical and structural properties. We present predictive models developed using 103 PAMAM dendrimer cytotoxicity values that were extracted from twelve cancer nanomedicine

• journal articles. The results indicate that data mining and machine learning can be effectively used to predict the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers on Caco-2 cells. Keywords: data mining; machine learning; molecular descriptors; poly(amido amine) dendrimers (PAMAM); Introduction In silico approaches

• methods of data mining and machine learning to predict the cytotoxicity of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. Cytotoxicity was the selected criterion because it is of key concern for the nanoscience and nanomedicine community [7][8], considering that high cytotoxicity is a definitive cause for

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• . Moreover, the results of the MTT assay showed no significant cytotoxicity effect when the Au/TMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were applied in vitro. These TMC-containing magnetic nanoparticles are well-coated by Au nanoparticles and have good biocompatibility and can thus play the role of a platform or a label in

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• average, though this is not always specified), a minimum and maximum value, or a single value and a standard deviation. Biological measurements are linked to assays (such as cytotoxicity, cell growth, cell viability, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress), endpoints measured on that assay (e.g., ROS

Using natural language processing techniques to inform research on nanotechnology

• Nastassja A. Lewinski and
• Bridget T. McInnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.149

• the numeric values and dendrimer property terms. The entities associated with PAMAM were based on the NanoParticle Ontology and included: (1) hydrodynamic diameter, (2) particle diameter, (3) molecular weight, (4) zeta potential, (5) cytotoxicity, (6) IC50, (7) cell viability, (8) encapsulation

• interest can be dependent upon the application. Nanomedicine applications are often evaluated using performance parameters, such as drug loading efficiency and efficacy, in addition to biological response, such as cytotoxicity or IC50. Since efficacy and cytotoxicity are dependent upon the administered

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• cell line A549. Encapsulated calcitriol retained its biological activity, reducing the cell growth. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that encapsulation of calcitriol enhanced its inhibitory effect on cell growth at a concentration of 2.4 μM for the S2-013 cells (91%) and for A549 cells (70%) comparared

• antitumor activity when compared to daily-renewed calcitriol, resulting in significantly different (p < 0.05) 48 h IC50 values of 2.19 µM and 1.51 µM, respectively. Thus, all cytotoxicity assays with free calcitriol compared to calcitriol-loaded NPs were renewed daily. Both free and encapsulated calcitriol

• calcitirol. The sub-G1 group represents the apoptotic cells with fractional DNA, which appear as cells with hypodiploid DNA content [27]. These data suggest that calcitriol antiproliferative effects, observed in cytotoxicity assays, could occur in consequence of cell cycle arrest. Discussion The

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• ) showed spherical, monodisperse, colloidally stable silver–gold nanoparticles of ≈7 nm diameter with measured molar metal compositions very close to the theoretical values. The examination of the nanoparticle cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) showed that the toxicity

• is not proportional to the silver content. Nanoparticles with a silver/gold molar composition of 80:20 showed the highest toxicity. Keywords: cytotoxicity; gold; nanoalloys; nanoparticles; silver; Introduction Over the last decades, noble metal nanoparticles have become a prominent subject in

• can be verified. Cell culture experiments To examine the cytotoxicity with regards to the molar fraction of silver in the nanoparticles, HeLa cells and human mesenchymal stem cells were incubated with nanoalloys of nine different compositions and also with pure gold and pure silver nanoparticles. In

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• cytotoxicity potential [12], although carbon nanotube toxicity differs according to the production method used [13]. Moreover, the carbon black nanoparticles found in tattoo ink have safety profiles comparable to multi-walled carbon nanotubes [14]. Thus, there is a need to more accurately assess how tattoo ink

• assay for cytotoxicity assessment was carried out on fibroblasts exposed to two different diluted tattoo inks, which showed both cell death and inhibition of pro-collagen synthesis [37]. As that study was not carried out on skin fibroblasts it was decided to run a similar cell viability test using human

• the cytotoxicity were simply due to the amount of pigment in the culture media then filtration would be expected to reduce toxicity. It may be that in the culture media large particles act as nuclei for agglomeration of the pigment, reducing the toxic activity. Without these nucleation sites, primary

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• silver NPs it was shown that their cytotoxicity is predominantly caused by the release of silver ions even when polymer coatings were applied [25][113][153]. The somewhat independent modes of action of the NP surface and the core need therefore to be considered in detail to assess the biological impact

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• and collegues examined the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on isolated preantral rat follicles in vitro [75], while Hsieh et al. studied the cytotoxicity of CdSe quantum dots on the maturation of mouse oocytes, fertilization, and fetal development [76]. Both studies reported detrimental

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• nanocomposites could provide a new therapeutic option to selectively target cancer cells. Keywords: cancer therapy; cytotoxicity; photo-oxidation; ZnO:Ag nanocomposites; Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit an excellent photo-oxidation activity [1] and are considered as potential

• ) assay the cytotoxicity in vitro and the differential effect of different Ag contents in the ZnO nanoparticles affecting cell proliferation was analyzed. The photo-oxidation-mediated cytotoxicity of different NPs was investigated by irradiating the samples with daylight or keeping them in the dark. The

• , 10, 20, and 30% Ag). Silver resulted in a band structure in visible region in all the ZnO:Ag nanocomposites (Figure 3c). Screening of NPs for cytotoxicity The ZnO:Ag nanocomposites were screened for cytotoxicity against two cell lines, HT144 (human malignant melanoma) and HCEC (normal cell line). The

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• 490 nm excitation. The loading efficiency was found to increase with increasing YVO4-MSN concentration. The drug release pattern also showed sustained drug release from the silica spheres. The cytotoxicity studies of DOX-loaded YVO4-MSN NPs were examined on two human cancerous cells, namely HeLa and

• MCF-7. Studies suggested that the cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 was higher as compared to HeLa cells. Moreover, to induce the magnetic behavior, arginine-coated iron oxide NPs were mixed with DOX-loaded YVO4-MSN NPs. This biphasic mixture was studied for hyperthermia treatment in which the whole

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• . Furthermore, different surface functionalisations (plain-unmodified, amino, carboxylate) of the aSNPs were compared in order to study the impact of chemical surface properties on aSNP cytotoxicity in combination with lung surfactant. The alveolar epithelial cell line A549 was used in mono- and in coculture

• with the microvascular cell line ISO-HAS-1 in the form of different cytotoxicity assays (viability, membrane integrity, inflammatory responses such as IL-8 release). At a distinct concentration (100 µg/mL) aSNP–plain displayed the highest cytotoxicity and IL-8 release in monocultures of A549. aSNP–NH2

• caused a slight toxic effect, whereas aSNP–COOH did not exhibit any cytotoxicity. In combination with lung surfactant, aSNP–plain revealed an increased cytotoxicity in monocultures of A549, aSNP–NH2 caused a slightly augmented toxic effect, whereas aSNP–COOH did not show any toxic alterations. A549 in

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• differentiation studies, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the particles were quantitatively determined by flow cytometry. After incubation with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles for 24 h, hMSCs showed a reasonable uptake of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS, Figure 1A). Since here only one population was detected in flow

• < 0.05). (B) Cytotoxicity study of the nanoparticles after 24 h incubation with 300 µg/mL particles analyzed by 7-AAD staining and flow cytometry. Dead cells were not included in the analysis because they constituted less than 1%. The amount of apoptotic cells is given in Supporting Information File 1

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• [7] are suggested. Gold nanorods were shown to have better optical imaging properties compared to spherical gold nanoparticles [8][9][10]. Importantly, the cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles depends on the surface coating. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), an important material during synthesis

• investigating nanoparticle cytotoxicity only short incubation times of 5 to 24 h were demonstrated. The recovery of ATP levels after 72 h could be attributed to ATP-consuming processes, such as the uptake of nanoparticles (decreased ATP levels after 24 h of incubation) [46]. Among the nanoparticles made up of

• surface functionalization and had the highest impact on the cell viability for the positively charged QDs. These findings confirmed the results of previous studies and further reinforce the fact that the cytotoxicity of positively charged nanoparticles is mainly due to impairment of cellular membranes

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• -Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Laboratory for Fluid Dynamics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Goettingen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.6.26 Abstract In this work, cytotoxicity and cellular impedance response was compared for CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum

• -particle tracking), was shown to compromise the integrity of the cytoskeletal and plasma membrane dynamics, as evidenced by electric cell–substrate impedance sensing. Keywords: biocompatibility; CdSe/ZnS; cytotoxicity; ECIS; quantum dots; single-particle tracking; Introduction Quantum dots (QDs) are

• properties can easily be tuned over the entire range of the visible spectrum. Due to their hazardous inorganic content, together with their small size and considerably large surface area available for enzymatic degradation, potential toxic effects are of great concern [7]. High levels of cytotoxicity

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• emission of light at shorter wavelength than the excitation wavelength [91]. UCNP feature a reduced cytotoxicity compared to QD and are, in contrast to fluorescent dyes or QD, excited by near infrared (NIR) light. By using long-wavelength NIR instead of ultra violet (UV) light, background autofluorescence

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• present reference study were mouse fibroblasts (L929). In Figure 4a and Figure 4b, the MTT results of the cytotoxicity levels of all the samples (i.e., control group, aluminum foil, untreated scaffold and mildly treated scaffold) in direct contact with the L929s are given. According to the findings, all

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• well-described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A cytotoxicity assay of the synthesized nanohybrid was also carried out in PC12 cell lines (a widely used, in vitro Parkinson’s model for neurotoxicity studies) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in order

• material in order to eliminate the problems associated with the low solubility of SWCNTs [15]. We then further investigated the chemical interaction between SWCNT–COOH and LD and observed the release kinetic behaviour of LD from SWCNT–COOH. Cytotoxicity assays of the synthesized nanohybrid were also

• novelty for further development as a slow, sustained-release formulation. The MTT bioassay results showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity response from pure LD, whereas SWCNT–COOH and SWCNT–LD did not compromise the viability of PC12 cells, which remained almost constant throughout the experiments. This

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• that have been focussed on. Cytoxicity of nanomaterial has been assessed by common cytotoxicity assays targeting enzymatic activity such as LDH, MTT and ECIS. So far, however, less attention has been paid to the mechanical parameters of cells exposed to gold particles, which is an important reporter on

• applications is the design of biocompatible NPs that do not impair with cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion. Therefore assessing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles is pivotal for nanoparticle research in general [11]. In vitro nanocytotoxicity studies are therefore necessary to minimize possible risks

• in the context of human exposure to nanoparticles. Hence, biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, fast real-time readout, and non-invasiveness are desirable design criteria for screening toxicity of nanoparticles varying in size, shape, and surface functionalization. Most cytotoxicity assays