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Search for "cytotoxicity" in Full Text gives 194 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183
- -mannose- and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-coated γ-Fe2O3 particles exhibit much lower level of cytotoxicity than the non-coated γ-Fe2O3. Keywords: maghemite; magnetic; MTT assay; nanoparticles; stem cells; Introduction One of the most important applications of nanoparticles in biomedicine is the direct
- intracellular overload may cause cytotoxicity due to formation of free radicals. The cytotoxicity of non-coated, D-mannose- and PDMAAm-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was evaluated by using a MTT assay with 4BL human cells. The assay is dependent on the ability of viable cells to metabolise a water-soluble
- control and all of them revealed cytotoxic activity. At the same time, the data confirmed the tendency of decreasing particle cytotoxicity if coated with PDMAAm or D-mannose. The strongest cytotoxic effect was observed at the highest concentration of the colloid (100 µL/mL of medium). The PDMAAm-coated γ
Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174
- . Inhibitors of clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis and phagocytosis were tested for their optimal concentration, exposure time and cell impairment in both cell types (Table 1 and Figure 3). The cell morphology was assessed by LSM (Figure 3) and the cytotoxicity by lactate
- study the uptake of the two different particle types. Visualization of the fluorescently tagged particles was done by LSM. LDH measurements revealed no cytotoxicity for the combined inhibitors and endocytotic protein markers for both cell types being analyzed. Additionally, inhibitors which negatively
- . Image acquisition was performed as described above. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay A 1 mL sample of the supernatant of each experiment was collected and stored at 4 °C to determine cytotoxicity. Triton X (0.2% in unsupplemented RPMI) was used for cell lysis as a positive control. The supernatant of
Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173
- converters, fuel additives, and oxygen sensing [10][11][12][13]. Due to the extensive range of applications and to the potential risks of nanomaterials, a growing number of studies regarding the cytotoxicity of silica and ceria nanoparticles can be found in the literature. As regards silica nanoparticles
- barrier, but by inferring particle numbers based on the fluorescence intensity of particles. Cell type-dependent uptake of silica nanoparticles In a preceding publication [4] we found that both the uptake behavior and the cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles are cell type-dependent, but not interconnected
- influence the interaction between particles and cells. In fact, cytotoxicity measurements of labeled silica particles compared to unlabeled silica particles showed that the label did not influence the interaction between nanoparticles and cells. The size of the silica particles, 310 ± 37 nm, was determined
Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171
- using either transmission electron microscopy or, in case of labelled NPs, by fluorescence analyses. Surprisingly, cells exposed at the ALI were less sensitive to silica NPs as evidenced by reduced cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses. Conclusion: Amorphous silica NPs induced qualitatively similar
- of silica NPs induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses under conventional submerged conditions. At the same nominal applied dose Aerosil200 NPs were more toxic than 50 nm silica NPs produced by the Stöber method. However, when considering the specific surface area both NPs show similar
- Life Technologies (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). Fetal calf serum (FCS) was from PAA (Cölbe, Germany). The cytotoxicity detection kit for determining release of LDH was from Roche (Mannheim, Germany). Enzyme-linked immuno assays (ELISA) for the detection of human IL-6 and IL-8 were from BD Biosciences
Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167
- of the samples grown in the presence of GAA could well be related to issues of solubility products of the respective calcium phosphates in [Bmim][Cl] and these could be significantly different than in aqueous solution. Finally it is important to address the aspect of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity
Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165
- the particles while adverse effects strongly increase as a certain threshold in the composition of the particle is reached. These findings could be reproduced by Grade et al. [148] who also found a steep increase of cytotoxicity as well as antimicrobial effects at GMF < 0.5 (Figure 13B). In many
- made with nanocomposites and do not necessarily apply to colloidal nanoparticles. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of AuAg alloy nanoparticles is likewise affected by the presence of surface ligands [148]. Here, citrate reduced cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects, while they
In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161
- clearly can trigger toxic effects in cells such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, (pro-)inflammation, and genotoxicity [150][151][152]. While again the detailed mechanisms are very complex and by far not understood in a comprehensive way, yet again there are certain characteristic features [153]. Toxic
Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158
- studied by using pH-dependent zeta potential titration. Cytotoxicity studies revealed anticancerous effects of the AuNPs at a certain micromolar concentration by constraining the growth of cancer cells with different efficacies due to the use of different proteins as capping agents. The positively charged
- AuNPs are internalized by the cells to a greater level than the negatively charged AuNPs. These AuNPs synthesized with protein coating holds promise as anticancer agents and would help in providing a new paradigm in area of nanoparticles. Keywords: anticancer; cytotoxicity; gold Nanoparticles; pH
- targeted drug and gene delivery [29][30][31]. Hence, MTT assays were used to study the cell viabilities of fibroblasts and cancer cells after treatment with AuNPs to check the cytotoxicity and the anticancer properties of the AuNPs for their future biomedical applications. Results and Discussion Synthesis
The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151
- aggregation. ASP affect cell vitality in a size- and dose-dependent manner To investigate the (patho)biological effect of the ASP, we used independent experimental approaches. As a rapid and inexpensive screening method for cytotoxicity, we first employed light microscopy to analyze morphological changes of
Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149
- [1][11][15]. It has been reported that cytotoxicity and (pro)-inflammatory cytokine release could be observed upon in vitro exposures of Ag NPs to a variety of cell types including immune cells (such as macrophages and monocytes [19][20][21]) and epithelial lung cells [22][23][24]. Furthermore
- layer of the triple cell co-culture model, which is a similar pattern as we have observed for Ag NPs exposed to cells at the ALI [44]. To reduce misinterpretation due to staining artefacts [48], samples were treated with uranyl acetate only, without lead citrate. Cytotoxicity As described in [44], we
- cytotoxicity, nor could an alteration of cytokine release and oxidative stress marker expression be detected. In the current study, it has been observed, however, that an exposure to 0.3 µg Ag/cm2 100 nm PVP-coated Ag NPs lead to an increase of cytokine expression. An increase could only be observed after 4 h
PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144
- coating further reduces SPION cytotoxicity [36]. Moreover, PEGylated CPT has demonstrated its capability to lock the CPT E ring in its desired active lactone configuration [37]. Herein, we report a simple method to synthesise PEG-coated ultrasmall magnetite (USM) nanoparticles, and we examine the ability
Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105
- µg/mL. This experiment demonstrates the minimal cytotoxicity associated with these nanoparticle formulations. For the bioimaging study, it is well known the cell membrane folate receptor is a potential molecular target for tumor-selective drug delivery, and the folate conjugates can be used to target
- for in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, from our study of cell viability, the prepared ternary nanocrystals were shown to have a low cytotoxicity. Given their biocompatibility and the high efficiency in relation to targeted delivery, these nanoparticles have great potential to serve as a new
Antimicrobial nanospheres thin coatings prepared by advanced pulsed laser technique
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 872–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.99
- coatings containing spheres with diameters within the range of 180–1,000 nm [34][38]. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the prepared nano-coatings have a great biocompatibility, and support the growth of endothelial cell cultures. The cell tracker RED CMTPX fluorophore showed that the endothelial cells are
Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80
- to the cytotoxicity of silver ions [42]. In order to exclude any cross-effects of stabilizers or reducing agents, which are difficult to exclude in precursor-based chemically produced gold and silver nanoparticles, the particles for this study were synthesized by laser ablation of a bulk solid target
- for instance after exposure of nanoparticles to blood plasma and are the result of protein adsorption to the particle surface [66]. These coronas largely define the biological identity of the particle [67][68]. They have also been reported to reduce the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials [69][70
- potential has been reported to influence cytotoxicity [74][75] as well as colloidal stability [76], which in turn has also been noted to impact the toxicity of nanoparticles [40][41]. In general, it can be said, that a high positive zeta potential as well as a high colloidal stability are connected to an
In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64
- Singapore School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 10.3762/bjnano.5.64 Abstract In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity, colloidal stability and optical property of gold nanorods before and after functionalizing them with thiolated PEG and Pluronic triblock copolymer (PEO
- surface is unfeasible as this will render the gold nanorods structurally unstable, causing the aggregation of particles. Here, we investigate the individual use of thiolated PEG and PEO–PPO–PEO as capping agents to reduce the cytotoxicity of gold nanorods formulation, while maintaining the optical
- hydrophilic and positively charge [18][19]. Therefore, a surface functionalization platform is needed to furnish a AuNR surface with a biocompatible polymer-coating for reducing their cytotoxicity while maintaining colloidal stability and allowing them to be conjugated for biomedical applications. Bio
Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35
- two different modes of heating. The cytotoxicity of NPs after laser/NP HT resulted in higher cell killing compared to incubator HT. The ROS level was highly elevated under incubator HT, but remained at the baseline level under the laser/NP HT. Our results show that elevated ROS expression inside the
- accommodate for the utilization at 42 °C (CEM42) with a smaller empirical value R = 0.25. Laser/NP HT for 3 min with 5 µM IR820-PGMD NPs produced a much lower thermal dose (CEM42 = 3.06 min) as compared to the 42 °C incubator HT treatment (CEM42 = 25.98 min) over 1 h. Cytotoxicity study Our group previously
- concentration of 0.05 mg/mL IR820-PGMD NPs (containing approximately 5 μM IR820) in the current study and compared it to the incubator treatment. Figure 2 shows the results of the cytotoxicity study in MES-SA and Dx5. As seen in the figure, laser exposure without concomitant exposure to IR820 did not
Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105
- AgNP can induce moderate pulmonary toxicity, but only at rather high concentrations. Keywords: cytotoxicity; inflammation; pulmonary toxicity; silver nanoparticles; Introduction Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are among the most promising nanomaterials, and their usage in medical applications and
- aim of the current study was to assess the adverse health effects of AgNP in vivo, more specifically, after the intratracheal instillation in rats, with a focus on cytotoxicity and cytokine induction. Therefore, monodisperse polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNP (70 nm mean diameter) were instilled
- , with a focus on cytotoxicity and cytokine induction. Here, we demonstrate that the intratracheal instillation of 250 µg, but not of 50 µg, of monodisperse PVP-coated 70 nm AgNP in rats caused cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of the lungs, as shown by elevated BALF LDH, protein, and cytokine levels
Molecular dynamics simulations of mechanical failure in polymorphic arrangements of amyloid fibrils containing structural defects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 429–440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.50
- homogeneous fibrils [32][33]. Consequently, the propensity of amyloid fibrils to form defects may also play a role in their cytotoxicity. Experimental Construction of polymorph models The models of the parallel and antiparallel (Class1-P & Class6-AP) fibril structures were built from coordinate files
Magnetic-Fe/Fe3O4-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51
- , severe side effects, such as life-threatening diarrhea and neutropenia, have been observed [14][15]. SN38 is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and it has demonstrated 100- to 1000-fold more cytotoxicity against various cancer cells in vitro than CPT-11 [6]. Despite the excellent anticancer potential, SN38 has
- tissue have been observed [22]. Liposome encapsulation of SN38 (LE-SN38) enhances the solubility of SN38 and provides protection from rapid drug degradation. Increased cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines and better therapeutic efficacy in xenograft mouse models, as compared to CPT-11, have been
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