Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• study was to fabricate biocompatible multifunctional drug-loaded nanoscale moieties for co-therapy (chemo-photothermal therapy) with maximum efficacy and minimum side effects. Herein, we report in vitro anticancerous effects of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded on gold nanorods coated with the polyelectrolyte

• poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS-GNRs) with and without NIR laser (808 nm, power density = 1.5 W/cm2 for 2 min) irradiation. The drug-loading capacity of PSS-GNRs was about 76% with a drug loading content of 3.2 mg DOX/mL. The cumulative DOX release significantly increased after laser exposure

• limited due to several unwanted characteristics of poor solubility, broad bioavailability range, narrow therapeutic index, rapid elimination from systemic circulation, unselective site of action after oral/intravenous administration, and cytotoxic effects on normal tissues [6]. The anticancer drug

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• applications [2]. NPs are present in numerous commercial products such as cosmetics, electronics, and textiles. Also, they are widely used in industry, including various biomedical and drug-delivery applications for the treatment of diseases [3][4][5][6]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• eligible for the targeted delivery of the drug-loaded particles to the tumor mass via an external magnetic field [2]. Furthermore, MNPs are promising biosensors [3] and antimicrobial tools [4], and they play an important role in the development of multifunctional theranostics to combat cancer [5]. MNPs are

• valuable in vitro model of human alveolar epithelial type-2 cells [21], which are considered as drivers of lung fibrosis [22] and lung tumor development [23]. Inhalation therapy represents a prospective non-invasive curative modality for lung cancer and a therapy for other lung illnesses [24]. Drug

• delivery through the inhalation of nanoparticles is a promising treatment modality against lung cancers conferring high pulmonary drug concentrations while minimizing the side effects [25]. The internalized amount of the tested MNPs in A549 cells in the presence of compounds that inhibit either endocytosis

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• ), others seem to just lie on top of it (arrow). Supporting Information Supporting Information File 58: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements The authors thank André Beyer and Daniel Emmrich for valuable discussions. Funding F.W. is funded by the LOEWE Centre for Novel Drug Targets against

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• nanostructures; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology has been ubiquitously applied in almost every scientific discipline. Nanomaterials have been utilized in innumerable applications due to their unique characteristics. Novel, successful applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures can be seen in drug

• be seen in the development of antimicrobial agents, biosensors, optics, solar energy, and drug delivery [267][268][269]. 3.2 Fungi-mediated synthesis Fungal species have demonstrated significant potential for the synthesis of AgNPs. Their high binding and bioaccumulation capacity, intracellular

• their use over bacteria. Fungi-synthesized AgNPs have proved to have noticeable anti-bacterial activity. Naqvi et al. showed that synthesized AgNPs using A. flavus fungi increased the biocidal effectiveness against drug-resistant bacteria significantly [271]. Fungi-assisted synthesis has proved to be a

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• chemical inertness and relatively low toxicity are also claimed advantages [7][10][11]. Due to these unique features, UCNPs have already been used in medical and biological applications, such as multimodal bioimaging, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and biosensing [9][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.11.155 Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted great interest regarding drug-delivery applications. However, their application has been limited by some inherent disadvantages

• evaluated in terms of drug loading, in vitro release, cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells and cellular uptake. The results showed that all CNT carriers had a high drug loading capacity. In comparison with CNTs-COOH and CNTs-PEG, CNTs-PEG-PEI showed a more rapid drug release under acidic conditions and a higher

• enhance the dispersion of particles by electrostatic repulsion [25][30]. Cellular entry and uptake of these carriers can be considerably enhanced by cationic modification and passive drug delivery to a tumor site due to high membrane binding avidity can be achieved. In this study, SWCNTs conjugated with

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• medical and dental applications, such as dental implants, orthopedics, and drug delivery systems, since it has similar elements found in bone and teeth. In addition, CaP stabilizes the nucleic acid against nuclease degradation, forms ionic interactions with the phosphates of DNA, and its biodegradation is

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• oxide [1][2]. With the recent advancements in nanotechnology, this unique phenomenon received more attention since it can be used to generate nanoporous materials which are applicable in many areas, including drug delivery, biotechnology and sensor development. The interest in nanoporous materials

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• have been studied extensively for applications in tissue engineering [2] and drug delivery [3]. To optimize the functional properties of these materials, we need detailed knowledge of their atomic structure. Of particular interest is the hybrid interface, which has a central role in defining the

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• treatment of a wide variety of diseases. However, the slow progress in the field has resulted in relatively few therapies being translated into the clinic. Anisotropic synthetic protein nanoparticles (ASPNPs) show potential as a next-generation drug-delivery technology, due to their biocompatibility

• ; bicompartmental particles; dielectrophoresis; electrokinetics; electrophoresis; electro-osmosis; microfluidics; protein nanoparticles; Introduction Over the past 30 years, nanoparticles have been developed for a wide variety of scientific applications, ranging from medical imaging to drug delivery and enzyme

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• important antibacterial properties against drug-resistant bacteria due to their size, shape and surface-capping agents [129][130]. Emamifar et al. (2010) developed orange juice packages based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites with ZnO NPs. This packaging material presented a significant

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• neurological disorders. Excessive ambient glutamate concentration is a characteristic feature of, among others, stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy, and seizure development. Superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are very promising in targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, diagnostics, and hyperthermia treatment

• drug release from nanoparticles to manipulate neuronal cells [9][15]. Release of receptor agonists and antagonists from thermally sensitive magnetoliposomes loaded with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles can be remotely controlled by weak alternating magnetic fields facilitating the modulation of

• the nanoparticles [26]. Abakumov et al. revealed that nanoparticles coated with bovine serum albumin can be used for glioma visualization and drug delivery of anticancer therapeutics [34]. Analysis of the biocoating formation at the surface of nanoparticles is crucial for understanding the mechanisms

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• environmental benigness [4][5][6][7][8]. These nanomaterials can be exploited in a variety of applications, including magnetic data storage [9], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [6][10][11][12], hyperthermia [6][13][14][15], magnetic separation [16], targeted drug delivery [6][16][17][18][19], lithium-ion

• cells [16]. Nanorods have been demonstrated to be effective in mechanically triggering tumoral cell death upon the application of low-frequency magnetic fields [24][25], which has not yet been observed in their spherical counterparts. In drug delivery, the elongated particles demonstrate a stronger

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• than 13.5% of contracting these diseases [1][2]. In addition, the bacterial strains are becoming increasingly resistant to conventional drug treatments [3]. One reason for bacterial resistance is that after attaching to a surface, bacteria can generate biofilms. Biofilms are organized sessile microbial

• aggregates protected by self-generated extracellular polymeric substances [1][4]. Biofilms are resistant to mechanical abrasion and drug treatments, including antibiotics. The detachment of a single bacterial cell or biofilm fragments can result in systemic chronic infections [5]. As a consequence, when a

• drug release [41][42], in addition to new quantitative tools for biochemical analysis [43] and photothermally induced cell stimulation [44][45]. Since bacteria and biofilm photothermal ablation is another promising application that is currently being widely investigated, this review will highlight the

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• reproduction rate, such as virus, fungi and bacteria, has an influence on the human health and environment. However, it is a challenge to find remedies against these bacteria to control the permanent adhesive reaction. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some potential antibacterial agents

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• here at room temperature. Even though a better control of the polydispersity is desirable, other gold nanoparticles of relatively high dispersity have been recently used for drug delivery in three different cell lines [68]. Conclusion In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that a single

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• Babes”, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Timis County, 300041, Romania Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth Western Australia 6845, Australia 10.3762/bjnano

• -patient absorption and response. This review addresses potential applications of SPIONs in vitro (formulations), ex vivo (in biological cells and tissues) and in vivo (preclinical animal models), as well as potential biomedical applications in the context of drug targeting, disease treatment and

• therapeutic efficacy, and safety studies. Keywords: drug delivery; drug targeting; endocytosis; medical; nanoparticles; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs); toxicity; Introduction Nanoencapsulation technologies have been researched over the past several decades and have been widely

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• biological applications, such as biosensors, protein detection, bioimaging and drug delivery [17][18]. In recent years, graphene nanoparticles have been used in many different applications ranging from enhanced spectroscopy techniques, coatings, polymeric composites, sensors, drug delivery systems and others

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• carbon with an average size of 80 nm. The C–F bonds at the surface of the metallic nanoparticles could be further functionalized for different applications such as drug delivery [19]. A SEM image of Ni nanoparticles is shown in Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1. Figure S3 in Supporting

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• high applicability in biology and have been largely used as actuators for micro- or nanoswimmers during gene, drug or chemical delivery, as scaffolding for microtissue constructs, or as a tool to study the fundamental aspects of biological motion and structure formation [8][9][10][11][12]. Beyond the

• engineering [40] or to facilitate 3D printing of magnetized chitosan solutions into helical microswimmers for drug delivery [11]. In the future, the incorporation of magnetic particles into biocompatible fibers might pave the way for the development of new soft biological motors, which can mechanically steer

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• well as the mechanisms of gel formation have been studied in detail. Hydrophilic gels with functional side groups enable stimuli-responsive hydrogels with interesting properties with regards to drug release systems. A drawback of these gels is their low mechanical stability, which can however be

• -grafted gel might be interesting in membrane separation technology or supported drug release/adsorption systems. We investigate the ability of polyphenylalanine to form organo-gels in situ within a porous inorganic environment with respect to different volume fractions of DCM in the solvent mixture. We

Simulations of the 2D self-assembly of tripod-shaped building blocks

• Łukasz Baran,
• Wojciech Rżysko and
• Edyta Słyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 884–890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.73

• problems in the chemical industry such as gas storage, chemical sensing, and drug delivery [1][2][3]. Thus, this field has very recently gained particular interest in both experimental and theoretical studies, which was followed by a vast amount of papers devoted to investigating these phenomena. Thanks to

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• , which at the same time acts as a bottleneck for drug delivery by preventing the vast majority of drugs to reach the brain. To overcome this obstacle, drugs can be loaded inside nanoparticles that can carry the drug through the BBB. However, not all particles are able to cross the BBB and a multitude of

• nanoparticles (AuNPs); blood–brain barrier (BBB); drug delivery; liposomes; nanomedicine; polymeric nanoparticles; solid lipid nanoparticles; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs); Introduction Neurological disorders and brain diseases are real burdens for modern societies and healthcare systems

• the brain by local delivery. Local delivery consists of directly delivering the drug to the brain by injection via a catheter or with the help of a convection-enhanced delivery system. Biodegradable polymer implants can also be used for sustained release of the drug [9][10]. These procedures require

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• [3][4], catalysis [5][6][7] and drug delivery [8][9]. The main advantages of such particles are large surface area and low density. The particles can be further modified to provide new properties to these materials. One modification is the incorporation of metal nanoparticles into the polymer beads