The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• widely exists in nature and is not fully utilized has raised great interest of researchers [1][2]. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are environmentally friendly energy collectors that improve energy utilization. They can use forms of renewable energy that are widely available in the environment and

• charge density [35][36][37], (2) reduction of the impact of the external environment on TENGs [38][39], (3) enhancement of the surface charge density, including active charge pumping and intercalation of a charge trap layer [40][41], and (4) increase of the number of TENG units [42][43]. In order to

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• -wire coupling plasma modes in each of the wires get split into two “new” modes propagating with different velocities across the system. These plasma modes form an effective dissipative quantum environment interacting with electrons inside both wires and causing a number of significant implications for

• along the wire playing the role of an effective quantum dissipative environment for electrons inside the wire. The frequency spectrum of this effective environment is similar to that of the celebrated Caldeira–Leggett model [8], which is widely employed in order to account for both quantum dissipation

• wires forming a single effective dissipative quantum environment interacting with electrons inside the structure. Our results might have significant implications for the low-temperature behavior of coupled superconducting nanowires. For instance, electron DOS in each of the wires can be affected by

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• films form on most metal surfaces and act as a barrier to the corrosive environment, thus impeding further corrosion. The corrosion properties of MGs, for example, the ability to passivate and to remain in the passive state in corrosive aqueous solutions, have been addressed in many studies using

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• or decahedral motifs are often observed for metals with normally close-packed structures [35]. By using the atomic simulation environment (ASE) module [36] and the cluster-mining approach developed by Banerjee et al. [35] we screened a large number of metal NP clusters, including hexagonal close

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• environment (such as bone or other tissues). The fusion of living cells with the TiO2 layer of the implant occurs in such a strong manner that they can only be separated by fracture and this stable fixation was termed as osseointegration by Brånemark [55]. The oxide layer of TiO2 encourages quick and reliable

• still not been fully understood. Furthermore, several publications report therapeutic modalities based on in vitro investigations, but due to a lack of appropriate techniques and the intricate in vivo environment, monitoring and determining the in vivo treatment strategy is extremely difficult. Hence, a

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi Sadegh Imani Yengejeh Vei Wang William Wen Yun Wang Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China 10.3762

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• vehicles (e.g., construction equipment, boats) and industrial sources such as power plants, industrial boilers, cement kilns, and turbines [3]. In addition, diesel vehicles are considered a primary NOx emission source causing adversely impacts on environment and human health, such as acid rain, global

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• environment are the strong decrease in oxygen ion mobility below 600 °C, mechanical stability and chemical stability against the used reactive gases, and local chemical reactions at the triple-phase boundaries (ceria|electron conductor|gas) as well as at the interfaces between the different components (ceria

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• specificity with significantly higher (p < 0.005) drug release in an acidic environment (pH 5.5). The nanoparticles were highly colloidal (zeta potential = −35 to −26 mV) in deionized water, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and sodium borate buffer (SBB). They showed elevated and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in

• hydrophilic groups. The hydrophobic side chains interact with the hydrophobic surfactant (oleic acid) present on the surface of NPs, thereby exposing the hydrophilic end to interact with the aqueous environment and contributing towards a colloidal nanosuspension [23]. The surfaces of the NPs were further

• microenvironment is prevalent [35], with lesser premature drug release in circulation and in normal cells, where the pH value is maintained at 7.4. Furthermore, once NPs are internalized by tumor cells, the acidic environment in the endosome may also trigger hydrolysis of amide bonds present between the drug and

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• .12.98 Abstract The plant cuticle is a multifunctional barrier that separates the organs of the plant from the surrounding environment. Cuticular ridges are microscale wrinkle-like cuticular protrusions that occur on many flower and leaf surfaces. These microscopic ridges can help against pest insects by

• different. Such unevenness in the exposure of the leaf to the external environment might result in the inclined ridge progression on the S. calyptrata leaves. Also, the presence of ridges on the leaf surfaces might reduce friction, thereby, avoiding damage between the delicate rolled leaf layers during

• rolled) during growth and their interaction with the external environment. Mechanically, when the strain in the cuticle (induced by the simultaneous isotropic production of the cuticle and anisotropic expansion of the underlying cells) increases beyond a critical strain value, ridges start to develop [37

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• delivery vehicles), diagnostic tools and medical devices, is a key application area [2][3]. However, as well as recognising the benefits associated with nanotechnology, it is also important to address potential negative impacts upon human health and the environment. Nanosafety concerns are reflected in

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.12.93 Abstract In the last years flexible, low-cost, wearable, and innovative piezoelectric nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest regarding

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• incidents due to the effusion of toxic vapors in the environment [1][2][3][4]. Such gas tragedies worldwide in the form of chemical leaks, smoke from fire accidents, and gas leaks from sewage systems, mines and industries, highlight the need of installing efficient gas sensors capable of detecting a range

• usage [5][6][7]. The objectives in gas sensing research are usually set to enhance the sensitivity (how the sensor responds to small changes when the gas environment around it changes), selectivity (if a sensor can still respond to a particular gas when many gases present), stability (how the sensor

• responds in a particular environment with time), the response time (time taken by a sensor to detect no gas to 90% of the gas when exposed to a gas environment), and recovery time (time taken by a sensor to fall to 10% of its baseline resistance value when the gas is removed from the environment

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• ]. Although traditional materials provide good structural analogues for native bone and surrounding tissue, they are difficult to mimic the dynamics and complexity of the natural environment [9]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new generation of biomaterials to improve strategies for natural tissue

• of all naturally occurring peptides and proteins [25]. Amino-acid-based nanostructures are self-assembled from the simplest building blocks in the biological system environment and are the smallest component of the bottom-up approach [26]. Amino acids and their derivatives can be self-assembled into

• -assembled amino acid molecules to exhibit stimulation responsiveness to the environment, which has exciting prospects for use in drug delivery. The advantages of low production costs, easy dispersion in aqueous media, mild and rapid synthetic setup and simple functionality facilitate their use as future

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• Intracellular pathogens are often contained in vesicles within phagocytic cells like the macrophages. These vesicles are known to present an acidic environment [42], while the normal physiological pH of the cell remains neutral [43]. Thus, nanoparticles used in drug delivery to macrophages would experience both

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• changing chemical environment. Next, we outline articles that use 2D materials and ultrathin dielectric layers as decoupling layers. While on the one hand, molecular functionalization is a powerful approach to tune the electronic and optical properties of 2D materials, in particular for many practical

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• ]. For completeness, we also mention here a third type of learning, that is, “reinforcement learning”, in which the model learns to independently reach a goal within a given environment by trial and error, reinforced by operator chosen rewards or penalties resulting from the result of these decisions

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• several review articles [3][7][10][11]. Endogenous or internal stimuli can be hard to control because of the heterogeneous disease environment. On the other hand, the use of exogenous or external stimuli may cause tissue damage and the depth of penetration may not be sufficient to trigger drug release

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• environment with 5% CO2 to grow the cells in a monolayer. The medium was refreshed every three days in each of the experiments. Treatment of BM-MSCs with Ag-NPs Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated Ag-NPs were purchased from Iranian nanomaterials pioneers (Mashhad City, Khorasan, Iran). The hydrodynamic diameter of

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• , during the production process, chemicals that are harmful for the environment and for human life are used. For example, hydrofluoric acid is used to texture the top electrode to improve light harvesting. In this work, and also in recent ones, we report a way to obtain 3D textures on the top electrode by

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• which can effectively conform to the outer contours of any target with autonomous deformation in a liquid environment for grasping and releasing. The robot has multiple actuation modes, for example, through trapping of magnetic microspheres or through encapsulating magnetic nanomaterials in the robot

• under environmental perception, thereby solving the problem of integrated operation of microrobots in a closed living environment. This application in minimally invasive medicine, soft robotics, and smart materials has attracted more and more attention. Electric field actuation External electric fields

• . This process converts the chemical energy in the surrounding environment into kinetic energy through an oxidation–reduction reaction. Although this design has some shortcomings, as the earliest self-actuation micro/nanorobot, it provided inspiration and ideas for subsequent research. On the basis of

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• other forms [21]. As a biofriendly approach, the penetration of biological tissues without damage and free movement in the microbial environment can be achieved with magnetic fields, which has become a highlight of research in the field of MNRs. A magnetic microrobot (MMR) [14] is a micro-/nanoscale

• on diamagnetic levitation nanomaterials. Without using strong electromagnets or bulky permanent magnets, it can make the microrobot move in three dimensions in a liquid environment through diamagnetic levitation. The main purpose of this method is to eliminate friction between the substrate surface

• of the microrobot could be changed by the position of the lifter magnet. The advantage of the system is that it does not require current control and can use single carrier magnets and lifter magnets to control three-dimensional motion in a liquid environment, eliminating unwanted physical effects

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• the environment [108], as hypothesized in the literature [108][109][158][161][162][163]. The disparity of AMS among the phylogenetic relationships, however, does not reveal a clear clustering of species with the same AMS as suggested by previous authors [1][159][160][161][225]. The convergent presence

• enhancement [252]. The fluid trapped by the gaps might be additionally used in the next step cycle. The prevention of aquaplaning is especially important for walking on wet surfaces in a rain forest environment or in temperate areas. Also, nubby pad microstructures can generate additional frictional grip on

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• effectively harvest energy various low-frequency mechanical motions from the environment. NG-based self-powered sensors act as data collection units for traffic [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], meteorological environment [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], human movement [22][23][24][25][26][27], viscera

• novel data source for big data and AI. Especially, TENGs are good candidates for designing AI sensors [66]. TENGs can be used as an energy source for traditional sensors to collect tiny amounts of energy from the environment, such as from liquid droplets [67]. The performance of TENGs can be improved

• the pressure. By collecting mechanical energy and biochemical energy in the environment of the human body, this sensor can stably and continuously collect pressure data from human blood vessels and other body fluid environments. The NGs can be used for human health monitoring and blood pressure data