Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• or metal oxide nanoparticles [11]. In particular, rGO–Cu core–shell nanostructures have been synthesized by CVD [12][13], hydrothermal synthesis [14] and pyrolysis of an organocopper compound [15][16][17]. In a previous work, the authors reported the effective reduction of chemically exfoliated GO

Synthesis of cobalt nanowires in aqueous solution under an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Lijuan Sun,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 990–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.91

• high-density magnetic storage media [1][2], in immune magnetic separation [3], in gene delivery [4] and as targeted drug carrier [5]. Hydrothermal and solvothermal methods are well-developed approaches to fabricate cobalt nanowires [6][7][8][9][10]. However, such methods set high requirements for the

Selective photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to methanol in CuO-loaded NaTaO₃ nanocubes in isopropanol

• Tianyu Xiang,
• Feng Xin,
• Jingshuai Chen,
• Yuwen Wang,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Xiao Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 776–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.69

• Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China 10.3762/bjnano.7.69 Abstract A series of NaTaO3 photocatalysts were prepared with Ta2O5 and NaOH via a hydrothermal method. CuO was loaded onto the surface of NaTaO3 as a cocatalyst by successive impregnation and calcination. The obtained

• surface of the InTaO4 material. In this paper, we report the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol using CuO-loaded NaTaO3 catalysts. NaTaO3 nanocubes were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using Ta2O5 and NaOH. CuO was loaded onto the surface of NaTaO3 by impregnation, where CuO acts as a

• NaTaO3 nanocubes were synthesized by a hydrothermal method as reported by Li et al. [31]. In a typical procedure, 0.442 g of Ta2O5 and a sufficient amount of NaOH were added into a Teflon-lined autoclave with a total volume of 50 mL, and deionized water was filled up to 40 mL. The autoclave temperature

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• . These C-dots were successfully employed for sensitive detecting 4-nitrophenol in water [7]. In another work, with the aim to provide surface boronic groups, we prepared C-dots by hydrothermal treatment of a mixture of 6-bromohexylboronic acid, polyethyleneglycol bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated (PEGA) and

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis [16][57]. The growing popularity of these methods is proved by the emergence of new types of reactors, e.g., microwave stop-flow and continuous-flow in supercritical water [57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. Microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) is quicker, purer, and more

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• bR. Results In this work, ZnO thin films (ZnO-TF) and ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) were grown via the hydrothermal method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates (25 × 25 mm) and both structures were used for the preparation of a sensitive film for gas testing. The precursor solution (zinc acetate dihydrate

• ., specificity, sensitivity, photoactivity, concentration variability, threshold limit) and device fabrication with more precision with application specificity. Experimental ZnO thin film (ZnO-TF) preparation ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal growth [81][82]. Zinc acetate dihydrate (0.1 M) was

• coating (Millman, single-stage coating unit) was performed at 3000 rpm for 20 s to obtain a thin film of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanorod (ZnO-NR) synthesis ZnO-NRs were grown on the ZnO-TF substrate by the hydrothermal method [36][83]. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (0.2 M) was used as a precursor salt and was

Hydration of magnesia cubes: a helium ion microscopy study

• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Johannes Schneider,
• Gilles R. Bourret and
• Oliver Diwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 302–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.28

• crystalline organic polymers such as polyimides that were grown by hydrothermal crystallization [37][38]. Independent of the chemical composition, nucleation is initiated at screw dislocations. Further crystallization proceeds non classically due to a strong growth anisotropy and different attachment energies

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• into solution to synthesize Ag nanosheets. They claimed that the in situ generated Al(OH)3 influenced the formation of Ag nanosheets. The produced nanosheets in 60 min reaction had a thickness of 20–30 nm [111]. Sun and Li produced colloidal carbon micro and nanospheres from glucose in a hydrothermal

• process (at 160–180 °C for 4–20 h) and used this functionalized carbon for in situ encapsulation of Ag and Au NPs. The size of the produced NPs with this method could be controlled in the range of 8–50 nm [144]. In a similar work, Yu and Yam used D-glucose in a hydrothermal process for synthesis of Ag NPs

• cellulose hydrogels to synthesize and stabilize Ag, Au, and Pt NPs through hydrothermal process. They found that by increasing AgNO3 concentration, the particles size increases gradually from 8 to 11.4 nm at 80 °C and 24 h. Also, reaction time and temperature had direct influence on particle size. The

Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• Elena Capetti,
• Anna M. Ferretti,
• Vladimiro Dal Santo and
• Alessandro Ponti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238

• materials [10]. Although MnS NCs have been synthesized by different methods, including chemical vapor deposition [11][12][13] and hydrothermal [14][15][16] methods, here we focus on NCs synthesized by solvothermal methods, which usually allow more experimental flexibility and improved NC control. Whereas

• –100 nm, l = 250–700 nm) were obtained [16]. The reaction of manganese(II) nitrate with elemental S in octadecylamine at 200 °C gave 50 nm α-MnS hexagons at high S concentration, whereas γ-MnS rods (d ≈ 50 nm) resulted at low S concentration [22]. The hydrothermal reaction of manganese(II) chloride

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• achieving fine control of their electronic properties. Carbon nanostructures have been decorated with a large variety of atoms and molecules, using wet chemistry, hydrothermal reactions and plasma process [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Among the most studied, fluorine-based grafting species represent both a valid

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• applied techniques include: solvothermal [34][35], hydrothermal [36][37], sol–gel [38][39] among others. These techniques enabled the control of the size and morphology of the particles by setting appropriate conditions, for instance, synthesis temperature, time, and the concentration of precursors. For

• ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties [46][47]. Using hydrothermal [32][48] and sol–gel [49][50] synthesis methods, Co-doped ZnO with both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties was obtained [39][41][42]. These observations questioned the possibility of producing powders with controllable properties

• suitable for practical application as a spintronic material. Microwave activation of hydrothermal synthesis used to obtain nano-sized powders has been reported in a number of papers [51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Microwave ovens were already vastly adopted in the 1980s for the synthesis of organic compounds

A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu_1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent

• Xiaoliang Yan,
• Sha Li,
• Yun-xiang Pan,
• Zhi Yang and
• Xuguang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90

• nitrate and thiamine hydrochloride were selected as the starting materials in the water phase under hydrothermal conditions. No addition of a surfactant or a complex reagent was required for the synthesis of the Cu1.8S dendrite structures. Thiamine hydrochloride was employed as a sulfur source and

• structure-directing agent. The growth mechanism of Cu1.8S is tentatively discussed based on the experimental and computational results. Keywords: biomaterials; crystal growth; crystal structure; Cu1.8S dendrite; hydrothermal; Introduction Recently, Cu1.8S with a unique structure has attracted great

• product is crystalline, as reflected by the strong and sharp diffraction peaks. These results implied that the digenite Cu1.8S phase was obtained from thiamine hydrochloride and the copper precursor under hydrothermal conditions. The SEM images of the sample synthesized from thiamine hydrochloride and the

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• investigated. The transformations were performed (i) through a heat treatment in oxidative and reductive atmospheres in the temperature range of 400–650 °C, (ii) through a hydrothermal treatment in neutral and basic environments at 160 °C, and (iii) through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment in a

• neutral environment at 200 °C. Scanning electron microscopy investigations showed that the hydrothermal processing significantly affected the nanoribbon surfaces, which became rougher, while the transformations based on calcination in either oxidative or reductive atmospheres had no effect on the

• low calcination temperatures (ca. 400 °C) results in the formation of a metastable TiO2-B phase [8][16] which at higher temperatures transforms to anatase [17][18][19]. Transformations conducted under reflux or hydrothermal conditions in neutral and acidic environment affect the surface of the

Mandibular gnathobases of marine planktonic copepods – feeding tools with complex micro- and nanoscale composite architectures

• Jan Michels and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 674–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.68

• Crustaceans of the subclass Copepoda (Figure 1) inhabit an impressively large variety of aquatic habitats [1]. In all regions of the earth they can be found in almost any body of water including habitats with extreme conditions such as the deep sea, active hot hydrothermal vents and very cold brine channel

In situ observation of biotite (001) surface dissolution at pH 1 and 9.5 by advanced optical microscopy

• Chiara Cappelli,
• Daniel Lamarca-Irisarri,
• Jordi Camas,
• F. Javier Huertas and
• Alexander E. S. Van Driessche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.67

• over a wide range of experimental conditions [3][5][6][19][45][46]. Hu et al. [45] observed the formation of “fibrous illite structures” when biotite reacted in 1 mol·L−1 NaCl solution and high temperature (acidic hydrothermal conditions). Shao et al. [47] observed the formation of fibrous illite

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• –CdTeS NPs for biomedical applications. Oleic-acid-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized through a thermal decomposition method. CdTe QDs activated with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), were prepared through a hydrothermal process. Further, the freshly prepared Fe3O4 NPs were coated with silica by using

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• photoactivity. There are several synthesis methods available for preparing plasmonic photocatalysts, namely photodeposition [3][30][31], hydrothermal [4][32][33][34], ion exchange [35][36], chemical reduction [25][37][38], physical vapour deposition [27][39][40], and deposition–precipitation [41][42][43]. Among

Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• 10.3762/bjnano.6.4 Abstract The correlation between density and specific surface area of ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was studied. The NPs were produced using a hydrothermal process involving microwave heating. The material was annealed at 1100 °C which resulted in an increase in the average grain size of the

• effect of the surface layer on the NP density becomes particularly evident for NPs smaller than 50 nm, and thus, the density of nanoparticles is size dependent. Keywords: density; hydrothermal synthesis; hydroxy groups; nanometrology; nanopowders; zirconia; Introduction Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has a

• up to 1100 °C and transforms to t-ZrO2, which exists in the temperature range 1100–2370 °C, while the cubic phase is found above 2370 °C [21]. However, for nanocrystalline powders, the tetragonal phase can be obtained directly during hydrothermal synthesis. It was previously observed that density

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• -containing solutions [34] it was found that structures obtained by thermal evaporation (such as sample 3) generally dissolved slower than those from hydrothermal processes. This observation is only partially applicable to the nanoparticles studied. Within one day all ZnO-NP were completely destroyed by the

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• Co3O4 electrodes. They observed, for example, an increase of the specific capacity from 190 mA·h·g−1 to 632 mA·h·g−1 at a current density of 200 mA·g−1 and also an increased rate capability [64]. In the latter report, the CNO hybrid material was prepared from KMnO4 and CNOs by a hydrothermal method

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• -precipitation for the preparation of powders [13], impregnation [9], dip-coating [5], or hydrothermal synthesis [4], sol–gel synthesis routes have been widely employed for the preparation of CexZr1−xO2 solid solutions [14]. Pure aqueous sols or sols stabilized by the addition of organics, e.g., surfactants

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• cocatalyst. A simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize NiS/CdS photocatalysts, which have a remarkably high QE of 51.3% at 420 nm in lactic acid sacrificial solution [27]. Co-loading of both reduction and oxidation cocatalysts on the semiconductor was also suggested to be able to enhance the

• simple one-step hydrothermal method [33]. As schematically illustrated in Figure 5, the CdS nanoparticle was intimately enwrapped by the TNTs, resulting in a remarkably enhanced charge separation efficiency and thereby photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. The similar enwrapped structure can also

• a big challenge to date. Selecting Cu2WS4 as model photocatalyst, we obtained interesting decahedral morphologies by a one-step hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal method avoids the using of toxic H2S gas and simplifies the catalyst preparation process. Owing to the oriented growth and the

Growth and characterization of CNT–TiO₂ heterostructures

• Yucheng Zhang,
• Ivo Utke,
• Johann Michler,
• Gabriele Ilari,
• Marta D. Rossell and
• Rolf Erni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 946–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.108

• the recent progress achieved in these areas is reviewed here. ALD growth of CNT–TiO2 Many methods have been developed to fabricate CNT–metal/metal oxide nanocomposites. For CNT–TiO2, the methods that are mostly adopted are sol–gel and hydrothermal deposition. A good summary of the synthesis methods

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• resistance to photobleaching. Up to now, many methods [112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127] are available for the fabrication of carbon nanodots, for instance, the electrochemical method, the microwave method, the ultrasonic method, the hydrothermal method. Due to

Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• 10.3762/bjnano.5.77 Abstract Silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) photocatalysts are prepared by microemulsion, precipitation, and hydrothermal methods, in order to investigate the effect of preparation methods on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity. It is found that the photocatalytic

• . Considering the universalities of microemulsion, precipitation, and hydrothermal methods, this work may also provide a prototype for the comparative study of semiconductor based photocatalysis for water purification and environmental remediation. Keywords: microemulsion method; nanoparticles; photocatalysis

• -micellar [44], hydrothermal [45], sonochemical [41], and template methods [46]. It is known that the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photocatalysts relies heavily on their structures, which are commonly determined by the preparation methods [47][48][49]. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there is no