Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• to a higher squareness value of the hysteresis curve. Thus the Hcp1_cys3 unit is shown to be very versatile in the formation of new biohybrid materials with enhanced magnetic, catalytic and optical properties. Keywords: gold catalyst; hemolysin coregulated protein 1 (Hcp1); magnetic hybrid materials

• magnetization (MS) of 12.81 emu/g, which is similar to the blank NPs of 13.21 emu/g. The hybrid material demonstrates at 2 K a similar hysteresis curve to the Fe3O4 NP with MS of 13.69 emu/g and remanent magnetization (MR) of 2.64 emu/g, but with a higher squareness value (MR/MS ratio) of 0.2 (Figure 10B). The

• from the analyses of the FFTs of HRTEM images of individual particles. The FFT retrieved from the whole chain is shown in the inset and is overlaid with the diffraction pattern of magnetite. A) and B) Hysteresis curves at 300 K and 2 K, respectively. C) ZFC curves of the fibers and pure NPs, which show

High-bandwidth multimode self-sensing in bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert and
• S. O. Reza Moheimani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 284–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.26

• amplitude branch as can be seen in Figure 9c and Figure 9g. It is worth noting that for this case, the fifth mode amplitudes obtained from the OBD sensor and from the charge sensor form a hysteresis loop and more significantly show inverse behavior for small separations (compare Figure 9d and Figure 9h). As

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• monolayers in the condensed state are not perfectly reproducible concerning the areas per molecule (as already reported by Kooijman [8]). They exhibit hysteresis between compression and decompression, which proves the highly crystalline state of these systems and leads to limitations in a precise

Single-molecule magnet behavior in 2,2’-bipyrimidine-bridged dilanthanide complexes

• Wen Yu,
• Frank Schramm,
• Eufemio Moreno Pineda,
• Yanhua Lan,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Hironari Isshiki,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 126–137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.15

• with the presence of hysteresis loops. Keywords: bipyrimidine; diketone; hysteresis; lanthanide; magnetism; Introduction The application of magnetic molecular compounds within molecular electronic devices is combined in the progressive field of spintronics. An anisotropic spin is confined by the

• total spin, leading to slow magnetic relaxation and magnetic hysteresis at low temperatures. Combined with their long coherence times they could open the door to quantum computing [5][6]. After the first SMM was discovered in 1980 [7][8], for the next 15 years the SMM field was dominated by cluster

• was measured using AC, DC and micro-SQUID magnetometry techniques. The homo-dinuclear complexes of Dy(III) and Er(III) show single-molecule magnet behavior featuring hysteresis loops. The [Tb(tmhd)3]2bpm was sublimated on Au(111) surfaces and scanning tunneling microscopy results are presented in this

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• liquid–air interface followed by controlled transfer onto the surface of a solid substrate [24]. The LB procedure was already employed in a related paper [22] for the deposition of AgNCs onto solid substrates, here we extended the preparation protocol investigating in detail the influence of hysteresis

•  1, Figure S1) show a small hysteresis that vanishes completely after the second cycle. These findings exclude loss of material in the subphase upon compression and support the formation of elastic arrays of AgNCs that quickly recover their closely-packed morphology after expansion thanks to the

• ± 0.5 °C (Haake thermostatic bath, Germany). Continuous spreading isotherms and hysteresis cycles were obtained using the same barrier speed of 20 mm min−1 in both directions. The reported results are the average of at least three independent measurements. Langmuir–Blodgett films were transferred, after

An adapted Coffey model for studying susceptibility losses in interacting magnetic nanoparticles

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2173–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.223

• . Consequently, multi-domain nanoparticles exhibit a lower hysteresis loss than single-domain nanoparticles [4]. For both theoretical and experimental researches in this field, choosing the right parameters of superparamagnetic nanoparticle systems to control magnetic hyperthermia is an important task [3][8][9

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• materials (see inset in Figure 3A). The N2 gas-volumetric isotherm shown in Figure 3A is of the IV type, with a small hysteresis loop of H2 type (from IUPAC classification) in the relative pressure range 0.9–1, next to the condensation limit. The BET surface area is of ca. 260 m2 g−1 and the DFT pore size

Controlled switching of single-molecule junctions by mechanical motion of a phenyl ring

• Yuya Kitaguchi,
• Satoru Habuka,
• Hiroshi Okuyama,
• Shinichiro Hatta,
• Tetsuya Aruga,
• Thomas Frederiksen,
• Magnus Paulsson and
• Hiromu Ueba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2088–2095, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.213

• remarkable hysteresis appears when the molecule is successfully lifted and released. Note that Δz is defined as the distance toward the molecule with respect to the initial set point, as depicted in the inset. The current during the approach shows a jump at Δz = 2.6 Å to the high-current state, which returns

Nanostructured superhydrophobic films synthesized by electrodeposition of fluorinated polyindoles

• Gabriela Ramos Chagas,
• Thierry Darmanin and
• Frédéric Guittard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2078–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.212

• properties, characterized by extremely high water contact angles (θw) and low water adhesion or hysteresis (also known as “Lotus effect”), grows exponentially because of the importance for both the scientific and industrial community [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Superhydrophobic properties are quite common in nature

• θwater for the C6F13-polyindoles can be seen in Figure 5. Indeed, not only θwater of 159.0° were measured on this polymer, but also highly oleophobic properties with θhexadecane = 93.3°. Moreover, the polymer presents extremely low hysteresis and sliding angles for normalized charges of 50 and 100 mC·cm

• Wenzel equation [36] (cos θ = r·cos θY, where r is a roughness parameter), the surface roughness can increase θ, but only if θY > 90°. Hence, it is possible to have an extremely high θwater, but the contact angle hysteresis (H) is usually high because the surface roughness increases also the solid–liquid

Two-phase equilibrium states in individual Cu–Ni nanoparticles: size, depletion and hysteresis effects

• Aram S. Shirinyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1811–1820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.185

• transformation of binary alloyed nanoparticles taking into account size effects as well as depletion and hysteresis effects. In such a way the hysteresis in a form of nonsymmetry for forth and back transforming paths takes place; compositional splitting and the loops-like splitted path on the size dependent

• the point for nanosolidus. Thus nanosolidus and nanoliquidus may be not interrelated. We call this difference between the end point of forth transition and starting point of back transition as ‘thermodynamic hysteresis’. Similar effect has been shown for a structural transition of Fe-nanoparticle

• ensemble subjected to temperature change [41]. The reason of such hysteresis is nonsymmetry of transforming path of a nanosystem with respect to the initial conditions leading to differences in two-phase loops of nanomelting and nanosolidification in presented case. For example, for Cu–Ni nanoparticle

A facile method for the preparation of bifunctional Mn:ZnS/ZnS/Fe₃O₄ magnetic and fluorescent nanocrystals

• Houcine Labiadh,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Romain Sibille,
• Lavinia Balan and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1743–1751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.178

• could be related to the quantum confinement effects of nanocrystals and to the diamagnetic contribution of the ZnS core. At 2 K, all bifunctional nanoparticles exhibited hysteresis with remnance magnetization, MR, at 9 T and coercivity, HC, indicating a dominant ferromagnetic nature of the iron oxide

• layer. The magnetic characteristics (MR, M9T, and HC) of the samples are given in Table 2. One can observe that the hysteresis loops are not saturated even for fields up to ±9 T; this could be due to frozen spins at the surface of the nanocrystals as reported in previous works [32][33]. The coercive

• fields increased with the iron oxide layer thickness, where the highest HC value of 0.18 T was measured for Mn:ZnS/ZnS/Fe3O4 QDs (3). Thus, the nanocrystals become magnetically harder with an increasingly open hysteresis loop with increasing thickness of the magnetite shell. The values of MR and M9T

Radiation losses in the microwave K_u band in magneto-electric nanocomposites

• Talwinder Kaur,
• Sachin Kumar,
• Jyoti Sharma and
• A. K. Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1700–1707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.173

• interaction between the spins of hexaferrite and polyaniline are effecting the motion of π electrons, which causes an increase the absorption curve area [5][35]. Magnetic properties Hysteresis loops for PANI/Barium ferrite composites recorded at room temperature are shown in Figure 4. The magnetic parameters

• hexaferrite and (b) composite COP at room temperature in the X band. Hysteresis loops of composites. Transmission electron micrographs of magneto-electric composites (a) cluster of composites (b and c) particles of hexaferrite enclosed by polyaniline (CL6P). Reflection loss for composites. Real (µ′) and

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• seemed that the magnetic nanoparticles were rather embedded in a chitosan matrix. According to the hysteresis curves (Figure 1c), the saturation magnetization (Ms) of TMC/Fe3O4 nanoparticles was 59.15 emu/g, which was notably higher than 33.65 emu/g found for the chitosan/Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Both of

• percentage of the viability of the control culture [48][54]. (a) TEM image of uncoated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their (b) corresponding particle size distribution. (c) Hysteresis loop of the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles: (1) Fe3O4, (2) TMC/Fe3O4, (3) Au/TMC/Fe3O4, (4) chitosan/Fe3O4 and (5) Au/chitosan

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• exactly the same ‘histories’ and according to the results of structural studies, they have almost similar structures. Thus, presented results of magnetic measurements reflect the realistic behaviours of both nanostructures. Figure 6a and Figure 6b present the magnetization hysteresis of Fe NWs and Fe NPs

• application of the external magnetic field during the fabrication process. This indicates that during analysis of the hysteresis parameters it is also needed to consider the possible mechanisms of magnetization reversal besides the impact of simple anisotropy. According to the TEM measurements, the

• b) iron nanoparticles with regards to structural experimental results. a) Magnetization hysteresis loops of iron nanowires and nanoparticles at room temperature (Inset – magnification of hysteresis); b) Normalized magnetization hysteresis loops of both studied nanostructures; c) Magnetization as a

Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• + 0.00198H)−1/2 (red line), which correlates well with Equation 1. The humidity sensitivity of the AAO cantilever in the linear range estimated by the slope of the experimental curve equals about 100 Hz/%. Hysteresis was not observed for the considered range close to equilibrium. The resonance frequency for

Influence of the shape and surface oxidation in the magnetization reversal of thin iron nanowires grown by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Lorenz Deen,
• Rosa Córdoba,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• Bert Koopmans and
• José M. De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1319–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.136

• . All results shown in Figure 2 correspond to the average of more than 100 hysteresis loops. Given the sharp switching transitions observed, a high level of reproducibility can be inferred. The observed decrease of HC with the width was also observed in polycrystalline cobalt nanowires grown by FEBID

• 250 nm width and varying thickness. MOKE results. (a) Average magnetic hysteresis loop of the sample with width/nominal thickness of 250 nm/10 nm. (b) Average magnetic hysteresis loop of the sample with width/nominal thickness of 250 nm/35 nm. (c) Coercive field as a function of width for batch 1

Structural transitions in electron beam deposited Co–carbonyl suspended nanowires at high electrical current densities

• Gian Carlo Gazzadi and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1298–1305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.134

• line), a different behavior appears: an hysteresis between [0,2 V] and [2,0 V] data is present, the return curve having higher currents with respect to the first leg. The negative bias portions reflect the return curve trend and do not show any hysteresis. The observed effect might be linked to some

Magnetic properties of iron cluster/chromium matrix nanocomposites

• Arne Fischer,
• Robert Kruk,
• Di Wang and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1158–1163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.117

• shift of the hysteresis loops recorded after field cooling the samples from temperatures above the Néel temperature (TN) of CoO. Since its discovery the EB has been observed in numerous FM/AFM combinations such as core/shell clusters [5][6], thin film systems [7][8] and also cluster/matrix combinations

• -field cooled/field cooled (ZFC/FC) magnetization measurements and magnetic hysteresis loops recorded in a commercial superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID, Quantum Design) magnetometer. The ZFC/FC curves were collected with an applied external magnetic field of μ0H = 20 mT in a temperature

• interactions) become dominant. Hysteresis loops were recorded at 5 K after field cooling from 350 K, which is above the TN of Cr (311 K [16]), in an external magnetic field of μ0H = 4.5 T. A linear diamagnetic background originating from the Si substrate as well as the Au layers was subtracted. The coercivity

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• heterostructures on the lateral mesoscale. By means of in situ post-processing of Pt- and Co-based nano-stripes prepared by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) we are able to locally tune their coercive field and remanent magnetization. Whereas single Co-FEBID nano-stripes show no hysteresis, we find

• the sample plane and, hence, the out-of-plane magnetization was probed by the measurements. This means that first the shape anisotropy of the stripe had to be overcome and all recorded loops relate to the hard-axis magnetization behavior. The reference Co-based sample A shows no hysteresis, whereby U

• (H) is nearly linear from −1.5 T to 1.5 T and saturates at Hs = ±1.7 T. The U(H) curve of the Co/Pt-based sample B demonstrates two distinctive features compared to sample A: Sample B shows a noticeable hysteresis loop and its saturation field Hs is by about 30% smaller than Hs for sample A. The

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• , Co, Fe, etc.) or Mg, and X is an anion (F, O, S, etc.). The overall success has been limited as conversion reactions typically show large irreversible capacities during the first cycle and a large hysteresis during cycling. This irreversible capacity is mostly caused by the need for complete lattice

• reported by Sun et al., and the cells show a type 3A hysteresis (see Figure 4) with a charge potential as low as 3.5 V [41]. 2.3.1.2 Electrolyte instability: Liquid aprotic electrolytes containing carbonate-based solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC

• tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as RM with redox potentials, TTF/TTF+ and TTF+/TTF2+, of 3.4 to 3.7 V. With TTF in a DMSO:LiClO4 electrolyte the Li/O2 cells showed a Type 1C hysteresis and significantly improved kinetics for the charge process. In addition e−/O2 ratios very close to two, as expected for Li2O2 oxidation

Stiffness of sphere–plate contacts at MHz frequencies: dependence on normal load, oscillation amplitude, and ambient medium

• Jana Vlachová,
• Rebekka König and
• Diethelm Johannsmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.87

• closely related to what was reported in [28] and [29]. Differing from many experiments performed with AFM [30][31], the contacts here have a substructure and it is this substructure, which gives rise to the phenomena under discussion. Also, hysteresis is more important in QCM experiments than in AFM

Stick–slip behaviour on Au(111) with adsorption of copper and sulfate

• Nikolay Podgaynyy,
• Sabine Wezisla,
• Christoph Molls,
• Shahid Iqbal and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 820–830, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.85

• resolution on Au(111) (no transition to non-stick–slip at this potential); FN = −5, 4, 30 nN; E = 250 mV; scan rate 154 nm/s. (In this image, the apparent gradual change of the lattice direction at the beginning of the upward scan – lower part of the image – is an artefact probably due to the hysteresis of

Capillary and van der Waals interactions on CaF₂ crystals from amplitude modulation AFM force reconstruction profiles under ambient conditions

• Annalisa Calò,
• Oriol Vidal Robles,
• Sergio Santos and
• Albert Verdaguer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 809–819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.84

• to a purely conservative attractive interaction (ΔΦ) can be used to distinguish between dissipative processes (hysteresis, viscosity) occurring in non-contact [37]. In this work, we used the Sader–Jarvis–Katan method [38][39] to reconstruct force vs minimum distance of approach (Fts vs dmin) curves

•  11 suppose a don/doff mechanism. They act at a distance d < don on tip approach and at d < doff on tip retraction, with doff ≥ don [14]. The difference between these two distances leads to hysteresis in the long range. That is, as the tip approaches the sample a capillary bridge forms at d = don

• , which ruptures on tip retraction at d = doff. If the distances of formation and rupture of the capillary bridge do not coincide, i.e., if doff > don, hysteresis occurs and energy is dissipated in the interaction. If doff = don there is no hysteresis and the interaction is conservative [14]. In the

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• Figure 4b, with no observable roll-off angle, even when the substrate is turned upside down, see Figure 5a. Therefore, we infer that the contact angle hysteresis is sufficiently high to pin the water droplet on the MWCNT surface. It is possible to estimate the adhesive force in length units of a surface