Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• crystallites, as random sequences of molecules including the DPE monomer (which locally changes chain orientation) would prevent neighboring molecules from forming cohesive extended crystals. This would lead to a mixture of ordered and disordered subdomains with varying alignment, as schematized in Figure 9

• . These unique molecular structures cannot lead to a truly crystalline fiber, but evidently, they are still strong and concentrated enough to form the nanoscale fibrils we repeatedly observe throughout Technora® fibers. At the same time, a random monomer sequence should result in a heterogeneous map of

• differentiation in Technora®, evidenced here via real-space scans, should also lead to more consistent strength values. Additional mechanical properties Significant connections can also be made between the structures of Technora® and Kevlar® fibers and other mechanical properties, such as creep and fatigue

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• , where they are decomposed under the focused kiloelectronvolt electron beam. In this technique, both the primary ionizing particles and the secondary species (e.g., ballistic electrons) with energies below 20 eV [6][7] lead to the decomposition of the molecules and the subsequent surface modification

• lenses and plates at oven temperature to prevent powder condensation, which otherwise may lead to undesirable changes in contact potentials during the measurements. The present experiments were carried out at temperatures typically 10–20 K below the temperatures for which the decomposition of the

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• bonds lead to a reduced pore size in UiO-66(Zr/Ti), thereby facilitating improved interactions between the MOF and CO2 molecules. MOF composites Post-synthetic functionalization was recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing the adsorption ability of nanosized MOF structures. However, it demands

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• metals, upon release and emission, may interact with different environmental components, which may lead to co-exposure to living organisms. Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) can adsorb heavy metals. The current idea is that nanoparticles (NPs) may act as carriers and facilitate the entry of heavy

• considerably high exposure TiO2 NPs may enter the food chain. Because of current industrialization processes, organisms are also exposed to heavy metal pollutants [7]. Emitted NPs may interact with the pollutants, and this may subsequently lead to bioaccumulation. The contamination of water and soil with heavy

• metals is also time- and dose-dependent. Among many other factors, the valence state plays an important role in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Many studies have shown that an increased concentration of heavy metals is correlated with the severity of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity [37]. Lead causes

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• measurements. Despite the acute differences in the magnetic behavior of Co-based LDH and simonkolleite-like α-LH [46][54][55], the impurities do not lead to significant changes beyond slight variations in the DC magnetic susceptibility and the out-of-phase contribution of the dynamic susceptibility (Figure S7

• , regarding the obtained pure CoAl-LDHs, both scale-up processes lead to subtle modifications of the morphological aspects, which can be understood in terms of changes in nucleation, growth and precipitation (mass scale-up), and different alkalization rates (volumetric approach). Conclusion In this work, the

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• resistance are the main causes of treatment failures in cancer [22]. Therefore, there is a need of smart delivery systems to eliminate even the last cancerous cell that might lead to tumor reoccurrence. Novel cancer targets have been identified based on the recent understanding of various molecular

• . The antibody-conjugated NPs were able to recognize the extracellular ligand-binding domain of EGFR and provided an effective targeted delivery of rapamycin. The ACNPs significantly increased the therapeutic effect of the chemotherapeutics [49]. The covalent binding can lead to a random immobilization

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• reaction, catalyzing the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals that lead to oxidative stress [28][29]. Thus, one of the possibilities for the observed antiproliferative effects could be the result of an imbalance in iron homeostasis with the consequent induction of oxidative stress and death of

• using a PT-PC PowerTome ultramicrotome (RMC Boeckeler, USA) stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed using a FEI TECNAI SPIRIT transmission electron microscope operating at 120 kV. Antiproliferative effects of SPIONs in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• lead to different self-assembly behavior, which may be influenced by the structure of the molecular core. 3.3 Opening and closing of pores Changes in the size and appearance of the porous structures have also been reported for halogen-bonded molecular networks comprising linear molecular building

• representation of porphyrin substituted with (a) normal alkyl (P-N) and (b) alkynyl chains (P-A). The alkyl chains of P-N tend to extend in the solvent phase, whereas alkyne chains of P-A lead to a flat orientation. Figure 16 was adapted from [155], Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. This content is not

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• clearly undesirable that an effort to form a stable monolayer could result in removal of underlying material, but similarly undesirable effects have been reported in the gold–thiol SAM literature. For example, gold–sulfur interactions can lead to a weaker bonding of gold surface atoms to the bulk. This

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• . The 500 subsequent bombardments with their collision cascades lead to the displacement of target atoms, creating disorder and point defects. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms get mixed into the target and can get trapped at interstitial or vacancy sites. The different kind of defects are not intrinsically

• was expected. Yet, we see that the highest angles lead to a minimal implantation of argon, while there are low counts for both oxygen and hydrogen for almost all angles. Since the irradiation process is limited to 500 impacts, statistical variations are obtained and lead to outliers in the counts for

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• known as the positive piezoelectric effect. Most current electronic stethoscopes utilize the positive piezoelectric properties of rigid piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3, PZT). These materials convert sound wave vibrations into proportional electrical signals. After

• a series of processing steps, the heart sound signal is obtained. However, PZT has a brittle texture, does not fit the skin well, and lacks comfort when worn, making it unsuitable for wearable sensors [10]. Moreover, the lead in PZT is harmful to humans. In recent years, there has been a significant

• the ZnO particles, leading to stronger reflections of ZnO in the XRD pattern. However, an excessive addition of GR may lead to the formation of larger particles or agglomerates of GR. Consequently, this can compromise the alignment and arrangement of the ZnO crystals, thereby weakening the lattice

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• are used to establish cure criteria [8][9]. BNZ is associated with a variety of adverse reactions including allergic dermatitis, hypersensitivity syndrome, gastric pain, anorexia, insomnia, vomiting, which ultimately lead to withdrawal in 12–18% of the patients [10]. Additionally, the BENEFIT

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• , such as fuel, catalyst, temperature, and diluent. However, the heterogeneous gas properties during combustion lead to a high temperature gradient and a wide distribution of chemical species within the flame. The interrelated processes of heat generation and carbon supply requires an optimum parametric

• across the radial locations. The shield at the outer annulus provides encapsulation of the primary flame and avoids the entrainment of ambient air into the reactant stream, which might lead to the formation of a secondary diffusion flame. Figure 1d indicates temperature uniformity at all HAB values and

• show a linear trend in diameter with a 44% variation between the lowest and highest HAB values and a 66% variation in crystallinity. The demonstrated control of CNT diameter and crystallinity based on the HAB is a unique capability of the present one-dimensional flame configuration, which might lead to

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• sample was then placed in 1% HF solution for 30 s to etch the top oxide layer. This step was followed by a rinsing with deionized water and drying in air. This procedure was necessary for an optimal KPFM analysis since the presence of a native oxide surface layer on top can lead to the measurement of a

• and, thus, on the measured VCPD. All these aspects can lead to surface inhomogeneities, which result in VCPD variations compared to an otherwise constant measurement on bulk material. KPFM analysis was carried out under ambient conditions, which result in surface oxidation and in the adsorption of

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• instrumentation or highly skilled technical experts. Given the many benefits of nanomaterials, it is anticipated that the incorporation of nanotechnology in sensing would lead to the development of a diagnostic tool for detecting hormone and antibiotic residues in diverse single or multiple matrices. Other

• biomolecules via electrostatic forces, stacking, and/or hydrogen bonding, which lead to high accumulation of the target analyte, are another factor that supports the development of electrochemical sensors. However, because of the high proportion of organic ligands, most MOFs have poor electrical conductivity

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• inexpensive material. More than that, these tests used solar light, which is a regenerable energy source. The investigated TiO2-based catalysts lead to ethanol photomineralization under simulated solar light, indicating an efficient use of UV light from the solar spectrum, but also the presence of optically

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• . The second mechanism involves structures manipulating the water flow (e.g., setae and tentacles) that redirect the food particles and lead them to specialized structures that contact and capture them. A good example for the latter mechanism are the filtering setae of crustaceans (for in-depth reviews

• pair of the panels (Figure 8b,d) shows that particles are much more widely dispersed when the system lacks adhesion. In this case, particles enter the mouth from time to time, but many of the trajectories still lead into the “wrong direction”. As a result, the particles periodically repeat many

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• of system design on nanoscale transport is particularly intriguing and has lead to the investigation of unique structures [10][11] in an attempt to better understand and develop manufactured devices. The introduction of additional surfaces and the reduction of direct paths through a system can force

• the nanoscale [31][32][33][34]. As the segment length, and consequently the system length, are increased, the overall thermal conductance of the system decreases, shown by the decreasing values of the curves in the upper panel of Figure 2. Longer systems lead to longer path lengths for thermal

• along the surface in low specularity systems seems reasonable, as the possibility of random reflection on contact with the surface would naturally lead to a reduction of flux in the direction of initial flow after reflection. Specular reflections result in less overall change of direction of the flux

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• carbon shells, as well as ZnO particles growing randomly on the outside (Figure 2a,b). It can be observed that an increasing dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O will lead to an increase in the density of ZnO particles on the carbon structure (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2), which agrees with the XRD results

• . Figure 5 shows that the increase of the dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O does not lead to an increased dielectric tangent loss, suggesting that a moderate content of ZnO precursor is needed to synthesize SiC@C-ZnO with relatively good dielectric performance for microwave absorption. Although the SCZ0.5 sample has

• materials possess a large number of three-dimensional gaps, which are generated by the stacked one-dimensional SiC nanowires and the ZnO particles. These gaps can lead to reflection or scattering losses when the microwaves enter (Figure 7a). Second, conductivity losses can occur in the carbon shell on the

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• defects are mainly located at the mode node of a specific mode, the loss caused by the defect will decrease. In contrast, disorders at an antinode will lead to obvious loss (small Qnr) and a dominant Q factor degradation. For our sample, a higher loss caused by defects occurs for the mode with shorter

• eigenwavelength, yielding higher Q factors to the resonances at longer wavelength. Fabry–Pérot resonances of the substrate (thickness d = 600 μm, refractive index n = 1.75), with wavelength intervals of (λ2/2nd) ≈ 1.1 nm lead to the oscillations with a period of about 1 nm in Figure 4. Discussion Excitation

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• enhance this effect. Collective effects of the overlapping scales Finally, the fact that the scales overlap each other (Figure 5d) may lead to an increase of both reflection and scattering. Thus, the specular reflection from four overlapping chitin scales at 45° should be three times stronger than the

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• diffraction condition to produce single-beam diffraction [11]. However, the Ge thickness of Ge-on-Si grating couplers is generally about 2 μm. In addition, if the grating is designed for first-order diffraction (k = −1), it will lead to gratings with a high aspect ratio (defined as the ratio between the etch

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• optimize and extend this functionality. Combining solar energy and water, the most abundant resources on earth, SSG is expected to lead to a sustainable future through synergy with other solar devices and water treatment technologies. Design concept for high-performance SSG devices. (a) Solar spectral

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• , some of the recent examples are presented. Molecular synthesis of unusual structures can lead to novel functional structures. Segawa's recent review describes the synthesis of nonplanar structures by molecular nanoarchitectonics of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms [92]. The flexibility of the structure

• lead to a variety of nonplanar graphene nanoribbons with periodic atomic vacancies. Molecular nanoarchitectonics by on-surface synthesis is a powerful tool for structures other than nanographene. Various functional units can be freely combined to obtain new nanostructures. However, it is generally

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• materials [24][25]. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a material can lead to absorption, transmission, or scattering. Regarding scattering, elastic and inelastic scattering are the major classifications. Elastic scattering means conservation of the photon energy, in inelastic scattering, there

• are processes other than complete absorption through which photon energy can be transferred to a material. Elastic scattering is not relevant for PT applications as there is no transfer of energy into the material for heating. Absorption/inelastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation can lead to

• lead to heat generation, depending on whether the decay of the SPR is through radiative or non-radiative processes. Many metals show plasmonic properties, but for PT applications there is a specific set of requirements including, but not limited to, broadband absorption of electromagnetic radiation