Thermal noise limit for ultra-high vacuum noncontact atomic force microscopy

• Jannis Lübbe,
• Matthias Temmen,
• Sebastian Rode,
• Philipp Rahe,
• Angelika Kühnle and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 32–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.4

• temperature fluctuations and mechanical instability. It has been shown, however, that by operating the laser diode with radio-frequency modulation, the contribution of the light source to the total noise can be reduced to a negligible minimum [3]. The issue of noise is intimately related to the requirements

• (Nanosurf AG, Liestal, Switzerland) for frequency demodulation. The AFM/STM setup has been modified by replacing the light source (light-emitting diode exchanged with a laser diode) and using optimised preamplifiers. Preamplifiers have been optimised for low-noise operation at frequencies around 100 kHz and

• 300 kHz, respectively, and are exchanged depending on the eigenfrequency of the cantilever. Details on this modification and the frequency response of the preamplifiers can be found in [7]. The light source is a 48TE-SOT (Schäfter+Kirchhoff GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) and emits light at a wavelength of

Diamond nanophotonics

• Katja Beha,
• Helmut Fedder,
• Marco Wolfer,
• Merle C. Becker,
• Petr Siyushev,
• Mohammad Jamali,
• Anton Batalov,
• Christopher Hinz,
• Jakob Hees,
• Lutz Kirste,
• Harald Obloh,
• Etienne Gheeraert,
• Boris Naydenov,
• Ingmar Jakobi,
• Florian Dolde,
• Sébastien Pezzagna,
• Daniel Twittchen,
• Matthew Markham,
• Daniel Dregely,
• Harald Giessen,
• Jan Meijer,
• Fedor Jelezko,
• Christoph E. Nebel,
• Rudolf Bratschitsch,
• Alfred Leitenstorfer and
• Jörg Wrachtrup

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 895–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.100

• measurement through a single-pillar resonator is shown in Figure 8e. The transmission spectrum is dominated by the fundamental mode HE11 of the pillar microcavity. Also a faint first HE01/HE2 and third HE12 excited mode is discernible (Figure 8e). Since the incoherent light source generates an approximately

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

Tuning the properties of magnetic thin films by interaction with periodic nanostructures

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Felix Haering,
• Stefan Nau,
• Carsten Schulze,
• Herbert Schletter,
• Denys Makarov,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Karsten Kuepper,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Johannes Boneberg and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 831–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.93

• , selected samples were investigated by STXM at the PolLux beamline at the Swiss Light Source, Paul-Scherrer-Institute in Villigen, Switzerland. The setup has been presented in detail elsewhere [30]. Percolated Fe films were prepared on commercial Si3N4 membranes (thickness 100 nm) in-line with the

• C7 within the collaborative research center SFB 569 funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). We thank Jörg Raabe for beamtime assistance at the PolLux Beamline at the Swiss Light Source, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. PolLux is funded by the BMBF (project no. 05KS7WE1

Revealing thermal effects in the electronic transport through irradiated atomic metal point contacts

• Bastian Kopp,
• Zhiwei Yi,
• Daniel Benner,
• Fang-Qing Xie,
• Christian Obermair,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 703–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.80

• electrolyte. An Ar/Kr laser with output power of 5 mW and 532 nm wavelength was used as the light source. Laser pulses of 0.1 s length and 0.2 s dark time were produced by a mechanical chopper wheel, and the laser was focused to a spot with diameter of 100 μm by an optical lens. Electron-beam lithography

Junction formation of Cu₃BiS₃ investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy and surface photovoltage measurements

• Fredy Mesa,
• William Chamorro,
• William Vallejo,
• Robert Baier,
• Thomas Dittrich,
• Alexander Grimm,
• Martha C. Lux-Steiner and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 277–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.31

• measurements is much smaller than that found in [7], since the present measurements were performed with modulated light and with a different light source/intensity. On the other hand, the behavior of the phase angle can help to distinguish dominant processes of charge separation and recombination. The peaks in

Variations in the structure and reactivity of thioester functionalized self-assembled monolayers and their use for controlled surface modification

• Inbal Aped,
• Yacov Mazuz and
• Chaim N. Sukenik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 213–220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.24

• were also carried out by using a UV-A (320–400 nm) light source and exposure times of up to 132 h. These experiments are summarized in Figure 5. It is clear that the acetyl group in 1a is not cleaved by the longer wavelength light, even after 132 h. SAMs based on compounds 2 and 3 show some

Impact of cell shape in hierarchically structured plant surfaces on the attachment of male Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)

• Bettina Prüm,
• Robin Seidel,
• Holger Florian Bohn and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 57–64, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.7

• light source (l). Adapted from [8]. Dimensions of structuring of plant surfaces tested (n = 10). Aspect ratio β = width/height of epidermal cell curvature. n/a = not applicable. Plant species selected. In square brackets: Accession number of the Botanical Garden of Freiburg. Acknowledgements We thank

Highly efficient ZnO/Au Schottky barrier dye-sensitized solar cells: Role of gold nanoparticles on the charge-transfer process

• Tanujjal Bora,
• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Soumik Sarkar,
• Samir K. Pal and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 681–690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.73

• DSSC J–V characteristics were performed under 1 sun, AM 1.5 G (air mass 1.5 global, 100 mW/cm2) illumination by using a 150 W small-beam solar simulator (Sciencetech, model SF150) as a light source and a Keithley 617 programmable electrometer as a voltage source. FESEM images showing (a) the top view

Femtosecond time-resolved photodissociation dynamics of methyl halide molecules on ultrathin gold films

• Mihai E. Vaida,
• Robert Tchitnga and
• Thorsten M. Bernhardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 618–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.65

• , just a small amount of C–I bond cleavage of CH3I at monolayer coverage on Pt(111) was observed after a long period (120 min) of irradiation with a 100 W Hg arc lamp [29]. In the present experiment a much more intense light source, i.e., a fs-laser, was employed. Therefore, in our experiment the

Investigation on structural, thermal, optical and sensing properties of meta-stable hexagonal MoO₃ nanocrystals of one dimensional structure

• Angamuthuraj Chithambararaj and
• Arumugam Chandra Bose

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 585–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.62

• % reflectance), on which a fine-ground powder was pressed. The spectrum was recorded at room temperature in the wavelength range 230–700 nm at a rate of 1 nm/s. Ethanol vapor sensing was performed with a fiber optics sensor arrangement with a white light source (Model SL1, StellarNet Inc., USA with wavelength

Room temperature excitation spectroscopy of single quantum dots

• Christian Blum,
• Frank Schleifenbaum,
• Martijn Stopel,
• Sébastien Peter,
• Marcus Sackrow,
• Vinod Subramaniam and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 516–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.56

• temperature. The required spectrally narrow excitation over a wide spectral range of 100 nm was realized by using a monochromator to select the excitation wavelength from a supercontinuum white light source. The suitability of our approach and its potential were demonstrated by studying single quantum dots

• such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs, fluorescent proteins and upconversion particles. Experimental We realized an instrument capable of single molecule excitation spectroscopy by combining a high power supercontinuum white light source (Fianium SC-400pp) with a grating spectrometer

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• ). In the preparation of such Pt films, the following PLD conditions were used: An ArF excimer laser (193 nm, pulse duration 20 ns, 10 Hz repetition frequency) served as the light source for hitting the polycrystalline Pt target. The ablated Pt material was collected on 10 × 5 mm2 MgO(100) or STO(100

Plasmonic nanostructures fabricated using nanosphere-lithography, soft-lithography and plasma etching

• Manuel R. Gonçalves,
• Taron Makaryan,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Stefan Wiedemann,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Othmar Marti and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.49

• (Nikon 10×, NA = 0.25) were used. The aperture angle was 15°, which restricts the detection to the zeroth-order diffraction. The illumination light source was a halogen lamp (Ocean Optics) of spectral range between 400 nm and 1000 nm. The microscope has a hot-mirror in the optical path that reflects

Superhydrophobic surfaces of the water bug Notonecta glauca: a model for friction reduction and air retention

• Petra Ditsche-Kuru,
• Erik S. Schneider,
• Jan-Erik Melskotte,
• Martin Brede,
• Alfred Leder and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 137–144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.17

• , images of the surface of the elytron were taken with a digital SLR camera (Nikon D80, Japan) at different flow velocities in the channel. Additional illumination was achieved by a Cold-light source KL 1500 LCD (Zeiss, Germany). The dimension of the air film on the surface was subsequently derived from

Schottky junction/ohmic contact behavior of a nanoporous TiO₂ thin film photoanode in contact with redox electrolyte solutions

• Masao Kaneko,
• Hirohito Ueno and
• Junichi Nemoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 127–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.15

• Denko Co., Ltd., Japan), and Mott–Schottky plots were obtained in combination with a 5020 frequency analyzer (NF Electronic Instruments, Japan) with 100 Hz frequency and AC amplitude of 10 mV. The light source was a 500 W xenon lamp adjusted to irradiate white light in the 3.5 mW·cm−2 UV-A region (1 sun

Structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles deposited onto single-crystalline surfaces

• Armin Kleibert,
• Wolfgang Rosellen,
• Mathias Getzlaff and
• Joachim Bansmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 47–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.6

• Armin Kleibert Wolfgang Rosellen Mathias Getzlaff Joachim Bansmann Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institut für Oberflächenchemie und Katalyse, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm

• beamline of the Swiss Light Source of the Paul Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland) [29]. The ACIS consists of three different stages as shown in Figure 1a: (A) the cluster aggregation part based on a hollow cathode made from the target material (here: Fe with a purity of higher than 99%), (B) a dual

Fabrication and spectroscopic studies on highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanorod polymer composites

• Jana Bomm,
• Andreas Büchtemann,
• Angela Fiore,
• Liberato Manna,
• James H. Nelson,
• Diana Hill and
• Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 94–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.11

• (SC400-2, Fianium Ltd., Southampton, UK) was used as an excitation light source (rep. rate 5 MHz, λex = 405 nm). Structure of CTA. a) Absorption intensity of the first exciton peak (619 nm), b) luminescence intensity of the emission maxima (632 nm) as a function of concentration in chloroform solution

Enhanced visible light photocatalysis through fast crystallization of zinc oxide nanorods

• Sunandan Baruah,
• Mohammad Abbas Mahmood,
• Myo Tay Zar Myint,
• Tanujjal Bora and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 14–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.3

• and a glass slide (3 × 1 cm) with a coating of nanorods (Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3) was placed inside the cuvette with the nanorod surface facing a tungsten-halogen light source (500 W). A glass vessel containing water was placed between the light source and the cuvettes to absorb the UV and

• nanoparticle side facing the light source. Optical absorption spectra were recorded after different light exposure durations with an Ocean Optics spectrophotometer in order to monitor the rate of decolourisation of the test contaminant. The degradation of the dye was estimated from the reduction in absorption