Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• -fluorinated DWCNTs have energies close to peaks D and E, respectively, in the spectrum of BrF3-treated DWCNTs. However, the origin of the peaks from each pair may be different. Earlier, we have suggested that the low-energy features correspond to the interaction of fluorine with carbon atoms situated around

• the samples fluorinated using different concentrations of BrF3 in the reaction volume are also mainly distinguished by the intensity of the low-energy peak (Figure S4b, Supporting Information File 1). This peak D arises from a compact armchair fluorine chain (Figure 4c) and is slightly enhanced in the

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• particular right at the excitation onset. In the case of undoped MnPc, the excitation edge starts with a low-energy shoulder around 284.5 eV before the first maximum at 285.3 eV is reached. Also for other transition-metal phthalocyanines such a C 1s excitation edge is observed [78][79][80]. This two-peak

• levels are filled with the doping-induced electrons. Second, the carbon binding energies change, as revealed by photoemission data, which show a broadening and the appearance of significantly less structured C 1s core level features in the doped compounds [74][79][80]. As a consequence, the low-energy

• shoulder in the C 1s excitations is lost and only a single low-energy feature is seen for higher doping levels. Again, this parallels the observations for other doped phthalocyanines [78][79][80]. There is, however, an important difference to the evolution of the C 1s excitation edges of FePc, CoPc and

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• , and that the resulting triplets subsequently dissociate into pairs of free charge carriers. The singlet fission process is also known to spin chemists; furthermore, it is known that this process is magnetic field-dependent [40][41]. Another approach for harvesting low energy photons is TTA [42] (see

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• exceeds 1000 °C [30]. Such a low crystallization temperature is surprising, but it can be explained by metal mediation. For a layered Si–Ag system a temperature as low as 400 °C was reported [31]. These results are in agreement with Auger electron spectroscopy measurements [16] and low-energy electron

•  5a) and the Raman modes related to the epitaxial silicene vanish (Figure 5b). In Figure 5b the Raman spectra of the “” structure before and after oxidation are shown. In the latter case the remaining Raman bands are the one at 520 cm−1 as well as its low-energy shoulder around 495 cm−1. This clearly

• , with a power density below 103 W/cm2, was used. LEED patterns were acquired in the energy range below 50 eV using a SPECTALEED, Omicron NanoScience optics. (a) STM topographic images (Ubias = −1.0 V, I = 1.08 nA) and corresponding low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns (insets) of (a) 0.1 ML

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• that doping CdSe QDs with Ag leads to the emergence of a low-energy band [22][23]. However, there are only a few publications devoted to Ag-doped CdSe QDs. The authors [23] used a cation-exchange method [24] to produce Ag-doped CdSe QDs with a low-energy band. However, this band becomes prominent only

• at 10 K. Our previous work proposed an oleate-based method (the in situ colloidal synthesis) to synthesize Ag-doped CdSe QDs with a wide band in the near-IR region along with an exciton band. In addition, a low-energy band could be clearly observed even at room temperature [22]. However, for Ag-doped

• The typical PL spectrum of undoped NPs (Figure 6, black dotted line) consists of two peaks, an exciton peak (2.21 eV) and a weak wide peak in the low-energy region (1.60 eV) (see semi-logarithmic plot in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3), which is associated with structure defects. An addition

Stable Au–C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures

• Taras Chutora,
• Jesús Redondo,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Martin Švec,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1073–1079, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.109

• /bjnano.8.109 Abstract We report on the formation of fullerene-derived nanostructures on Au(111) at room temperature and under UHV conditions. After low-energy ion sputtering of fullerene films deposited on Au(111), bright spots appear at the herringbone corner sites when measured using a scanning

• molecules. From the equilibrium C60 molecule, we remove a C atom and explore low-energy structures by optimizing the geometry. The removal of an atom from the C60 molecule results in many unsaturated bonds that induce a geometric rearrangement of the molecule. In the calculations, we find two different

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• more stable tube-catalyst interface or kinetic control, such as different growth rates of different SWCNTs. Recently, the authors of [131] combined thermodynamic (preference to low energy) and kinetic (preference to higher rate) arguments within a unified theoretical model, which explains the

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• angle of incidence was 30° and the emission angle was along the surface normal. The K-Alpha charge dual compensation system was employed during analysis, using electrons and low-energy argon ions to prevent any localized build-up of charge. The measured high-resolution spectra were fitted with Voigt

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• keV). The other one was prepared instead with the so-called “gentle milling” procedure using low energy (0.1–1 keV) Ar+ ions (see details in the Experimental section). The results are compared in Figure 1 that shows a plan view TEM of the silicon substrate after the same gold deposition process but

• prepared following the standard (Figure 1a) and the gentle milling (Figure 1b) procedures, respectively. The morphology is drastically modified by the high energy Ar+ ion thinning, where the mean particle size is about 20% larger and the density increases by about 30% with respect to the low energy Ar

• 70 s, indicating a reduction of the textured component with immersion time in the HF solution. Conclusion In this work we investigate the morphology of gold aggregates on silicon (100) substrates obtained by galvanic displacement using XRD, AFM and TEM (with a proper low-energy ion milling procedure

Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges

• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina and
• Antonello Sindona

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 172–182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.18

• -like modes are the “true” low-energy excitations of low-dimensional systems [6][7], while charged and spinful modes are realized as coherent states, with their own peculiar dynamics [8][9], both in normal superconducting phases [10][11][12][13][14]. Graphene has first emerged as an extraordinary

• not only to the extrinsic conditions, but also to a bunch of geometrical or conformation parameters, such as the width, chirality and unit-cell extension of each GNR, as well as the in-plane vacuum distance between two contiguous GNRs. In ZGNs the absence of a proper LDA band gap, prevents low energy

• ). The latter is sampled along the ΓΚ path of the 1st BZ of graphene (f), and the ΓΧ path of the 1st BZ of the different GNRs (g). Besides the π and π–σ plasmons, the ZGNRs present a low-energy intraband mode (IntraP), whereas the AGNRs have a low-energy interband mode (InterP). The intensity scale in (a

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• layers. Many theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the unique properties of TG [4]. In particular, it was demonstrated that for angles θ > 10°, the layers are electronically decoupled, and the low-energy band structure looks like a simple superposition of the Dirac cones of the individual

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• samples were not coated with conductive layers, an electron flood gun was applied to stabilize charging. Prior to imaging, the foam material was attached to the HIM sample holder with conductive carbon pads. The HIM induces a high brightness, low-energy spread, subnanometer-size beam of helium ions [25

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• wavelength for AuNPs in solution, on the glass and on the quartz substrate. The data points in the figure were obtained by fitting the peaks (as shown in Supporting Information File 1 Figures S2–S4) also based on Equation 2. We named peak 1 and peak 2 the two peaks at high and low energy, respectively. The

• excitation region, while in the low energy region, the shift is reverted to blue. In Figure 5c it is reversed: both peak 1 and 2 show a blue shift in the high energy region, while a red shift occurs in the low excitation energy region. The shift is totally different in case of Figure 5a. All these

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• Rudenko [20] considering a Hamiltonian , where ci () is the creation (annihilation) electronic operator at site i and tij is the hopping integral between sites i and j. In this model, five hopping integrals are required to characterize the low-energy electronic properties [20]: t1 = −1.220 eV, t2 = 3.665

• ). When mZ is further diminished, the barriers to the upper-edge contacts become too large, but now the coupling to the lower edge becomes relevant. For mZ ≤ 15 transmission shows asymmetric Fano-like resonances at the low-energy side and sharp anti-resonances at higher energies within the central band

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• the role of GB in ferromagnetic behaviour was supported by our new results on ZnO doped with nickel and iron [6][9][12] as well as by measurements with low-energy muon spin relaxation combined with molecular dynamics modeling and density functional theory calculations [13]. These new results

• direct evidence can be obtained from the local-probe method of low-energy muon spin relaxation (LE-µSR) [13]. This method is based on the idea to implant spin-polarized low-energy positive muons into ZnO. Due to their positive charge, the low-energy muons are trapped in the interstitial lattice sites

• . The motion of the muon spin is due to the magnetic field experienced by the muon. Therefore, low-energy muons act as highly sensitive probes of magnetic fields originating from magnetic moments in their close proximity and can provide information on the local environment of the muonin a very similar

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

• Veronique Dupuis,
• Anthony Robert,
• Arnaud Hillion,
• Ghassan Khadra,
• Nils Blanc,
• Damien Le Roy,
• Florent Tournus,
• Clement Albin,
• Olivier Boisron and
• Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

• moment for the FeCo soft alloy. In this paper, we present the magnetic and structural properties of nanoparticles of less than 5 nm diameter embedded in an inert carbon matrix prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition technique. We obtained a CsCl-type (B2) chemically ordered phase for

• low-energy cluster-beam deposition (MS-LECBD) embedded in a carbon matrix. Notice that most of this work is based on the results of the PhD theses of A. Hillion [10] and G. Khadra [11] at Lyon, France. The structural and magnetic properties of as-prepared and annealed nanoalloys were investigated

• affinity with the environment affects their intrinsic magnetic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Results Synthesis and structure The clusters are synthetized in the gas phase in the low-energy cluster-beam deposition (LECBD) regime. Briefly, a pulsed laser beam is focused on a mixed

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• strongly depend on the grain boundary character and structure [69][80][81][82][83][84]. Bouchet and Priester [82][83] have found that the intergranular segregation of sulfur in Ni occurred preferentially at high-energy general random boundaries, but is very difficult or small at low-energy special

• ) [127]. Nakamichi and Kino [124] have found from their systematic studies that low-energy/low-Σ CSL boundaries exhibit lower electrical resistivity than that of high-energy/random boundaries. Recent observations of electrical properties in silicon have revealed the dominant effects of the character of

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• generally much simpler, cleaner, faster, very energy efficient and more economical than conventional methods. This low-energy technology is also environmentally friendly. The technology is ready to be employed in production conditions, while powder parameters can be adjusted to the consumer needs. The

Filled and empty states of Zn-TPP films deposited on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O

• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Andrea Picone,
• Federico Bottegoni and
• Marco Finazzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1527–1531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.146

• , making an ultrathin Fe monoxide layer. From our data we observe an increase of the porphyrin diffusivity on the MO layer [12]. This allows molecules to assemble in an ordered square super-lattice showing a (5 × 5) reconstruction, as observed by low-energy electron diffraction. An X-ray photoemission

• between the vacuum level, Evac, and the leading edge of the HOMO) and the electron affinity (the difference between Evac and the LUMO) of the condensed organic film can be deduced. For this purpose, we have measured the sample work function from the energy position of the low-energy secondary electron

• ][26]. The IPES energy resolution is about 700 meV. All the experiments reported here were achieved under negligible charging conditions during electron spectroscopy data acquisition. The position of the vacuum level was obtained by adding the photon energy to the low-energy secondary electron cutoff

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

• Ionel Stavarache,
• Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
• Petronela Prepelita and
• Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

• ]. Structures with Ge-nps embedded into the SiO2 layer exhibit a quite different spectral behavior. As a consequence, the Ge-nps confined in the SiO2 matrix play a more important role in the measured broad photoresponsivity spectrum towards low energy (an effect which is amplified as the size of Ge-nps increase

Experimental and simulation-based investigation of He, Ne and Ar irradiation of polymers for ion microscopy

• Lukasz Rzeznik,
• Yves Fleming,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.104

• bombardment and of 76% for Ne bombardment. The concentration for Ar is in between. The extreme enrichment in carbon at low energy He bombardment and its decrease at higher energies is probably due to steady-state conditions which are not reached at a fluence of 1018 ions/cm2 and to surface concentrations

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• surface-grown layers of copper(II) oxalate are, in fact, transformed to pure Cu NPs by low-energy electron irradiation at room temperature while the oxalate ions are completely removed through the same electron-induced process that yields the NPs. This makes post-irradiation steps obsolete, which would

• very likely involves recombination of the latter ions with thermalized electrons or low-energy secondary electrons released during the initial ionization event. Altogether, this mechanism provides a reasonable scenario regarding the formation of metallic copper. We note that a band at 1650 cm−1 has

• on different flat and stepped copper surfaces [49][50]. On the other hand, it is known that CO is also produced by low-energy electron-induced decomposition of CO2 [51]. The finding that less CO is produced during electron irradiation at 50 eV than at 500 eV can then be traced back to the lower

Hydration of magnesia cubes: a helium ion microscopy study

• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Johannes Schneider,
• Gilles R. Bourret and
• Oliver Diwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 302–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.28

• [17]. However, shrinkage of PMMA after helium ion imaging at 30 kV was reported [18], showing that also helium ions may damage soft materials by radiolysis just like low-energy (below 1 keV) electron beams. Thus, without additional damage to soft materials, HIM facilitates high resolution imaging

• , most importantly, without coating the samples for charge compensation. Sample charging effects that typically occur during imaging of insulating samples can be counteracted in the HIM by using a low-energy electron flood gun for charge compensation [7]. Although charging is a problem for MgO, in this

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• (111) monocrystals were purchased, oriented and polished, from Mateck or from the Surface Preparation Laboratories. In situ surface preparation was performed as usual by cycles of sputtering and annealing, and the surface cleanliness and crystallinity was checked by XPS and low energy electron

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17