Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• layer were also investigated in detail, and the mucoadhesive and mucus-penetration characteristics of the formulations were examined. Furthermore, in vitro release kinetic studies of the NPs were elucidated. DCX-PLGA NPs were found to be compatible with the Weibull model, and CS/DCX-PLGA NPs were found

• to be compatible with the Peppas–Sahlin model. Within the scope of in vitro cytotoxicity studies, the drug-loaded NPs showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than a DCX solution on the HT-29 colon cell line, and CS/DCX-PLGA showed the highest cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). According to the permeability

• into the nanoparticles as a model anticancer agent. CS coating was used to impart positive surface charge to negatively charged PLGA nanoparticles and to increase their interaction in the intestinal lumen. To date, an orally applicable and effective treatment approach to colon tumors has not been

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• the air into the water. For a use of their air retention capabilities in technical applications in higher water depths and under real conditions, a method to refill the air layer after a loss of air occurred have to be found. Biological role model and biomimetic air retaining surfaces. a) Leaf of the

• floating fern Salvinia oblongifolia submerged in water. The silvery shine indicates the kept air layer. b) Elastomer foil covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures (MSM) submerged in water. MSM-surfaces were glued to a green silicon surface to enhance contrast. Like on the biological role model

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• (AgNO3), ascorbic acid, and pentamidine isethionate were commercially available (Merck). All reagents used (Merck) were used without further purification. Characterization techniques UV–vis spectra were obtained on an Agilent model 8453 diode array spectrophotometer using 1 cm path length quartz cells

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• both biological models for the tuyère problem. Instead, a seemingly not obvious biological model was identified, namely micropores within the cell walls of water-transporting conduits of plants that connect the conduits to a three-dimensional flow network. These specially shaped pores are assumed to be

• which a suitable biological model is sought. The “Lotus effect” belongs to the first class. It was identified by Wilhelm Barthlott and suggested (later accompanied by one of the co-authors, C. Neinhuis) as relevant for surface technology. The highly water-repellent plant cuticles, which are equipped

• ]. Moreover, the biological model system and its functional aspects and contexts may not be fully understood and/or unraveled [1][7][13][14]. This hampers easy one-to-one translations of a (presumed) biological function to a technical solution or may even lead to potential conflicts with the originally

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• ]. The idea of the multiscale simulation is to model a system without precisely calculating every atom. The major goal of this method is to efficiently treat the continuous model while maintaining its accuracy [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. The multiscale simulation we used for

• strain distribution, and fracture strength were provided as well as the interfacial mechanics and punching characteristics of each nano-punching model. Model and Methodologies The simulation model of the nano-punching system comprises a punch and a single crystalline Al workpiece, as shown in Figure 1

• simulation model. Besides, there is a clearance between the punch and the substrate during the nano-punching process, as shown in Figure 1b. The initial distance between the punch and the workpiece was set to 10 Å, in order to prevent internal adhesion of atoms in the equilibrium stage which may lead to

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• reptiles, and has been a focus of both engineering and biological studies [3]. Models are frequently used to describe adhesion, such as the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model [4]. In this case, the force required to pull an elastic sphere from a flat surface is determined using the radius of the sphere

• and the adhesion energy between a sphere and the surface. More recent studies use the JKR model to determine the role of setal density in adhesion from insects to geckos [5]. Despite many advancements in our understanding of adhesion across organisms, few studies have incorporated ecologically

• is that the available contact area was reduced with increasing roughness. This has been observed in other studies that model the contact between a gecko toe and surfaces that vary in asperity size [25][49][52][53]. Frictional adhesive force increased isometrically with body mass across all of the

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• transport of free holes. However, the H6 band lies at lower energy, far from the Fermi level, and does not significantly contribute to electronic transport [25][26]. Field-effect hole mobility (μh) and concentration (p) were estimated from the Ids–Vg curve using a parallel capacitor model for the FET [19

• ][27]. This model has been successfully used to analyze the electronic properties of single semiconductor NWs of different cross sections and materials such as ZnO [27], SnO2 [16][19], and GaAs [17][18][28]. In this case, the calculations were done using μh = gmL2/(VdsCox) and p = 1/(eρμh), where gm

• ]. In this case, conduction is realized through NNH of charge carriers with small activation energy directly over impurity states. The conductivity in the NNH model is given by [35]: where σ3 is a constant, ENNH is the activation energy for NNH conduction, NA is the acceptor concentration, and εr = 53.5

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• special fingerprint-like surface nanostructure. In this work, we present a theoretical model of the interaction of linear nanofibers with a sinusoidally corrugated surface. This model allows for a prediction of the adhesive interaction and, thus, the design of a suitable surface structure to prevent

• quite significantly from spider silk fibers regarding diameter and material properties (e.g., Young’s modulus). In this work, we present a theoretical model of the interaction of nanofibers with a sinusoidal surface based on an energy approach. This model allows for a prediction of the adhesive

• new way for technologically improving the production of tools for handling of artificial nanofibers. This can facilitate and optimize the production of, for example, filter materials and nanofabrics. Results and Discussion Theoretical modelling The general model is depicted in Figure 2. The course of

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• positions using an energy cut-off of 400 eV as well as a Monkhorst−Pack k-point sampling grid of (3 × 3 × 1). The lattice parameters are a = 20.612, b = 15.164, c = 24.399 and α = β = γ = 90° for the anatase TiO2 surface model, a = 11.846, b = 13.051, c = 33.870 and α = β = γ = 90° for the rutile TiO2

• surface model and a = b = 19.228, c = 40.627 and α = β = 90°, γ = 120° for the Al2O3 surface model. The surfaces are 2, 4 and 5 layers thick for anatase (101), rutile (110) and Al2O3 (0001). Reaction energetics were calculated using: Here Ep is the energy of products and Er is the energy of reactants

• anatase TiO2 surface and rutile TiO2 surface and will not adsorb on the Al2O3 surface. A previous study reports that TiO2 films grow well using TiCl4 and H2O on amorphous Al2O3 [55]. However, in our case, the Al2O3 surface model we use is crystalline. It is well known that in an amorphous surface the

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• developed a multiply constrained optimization model with a single objective. The objective function is defined as the central intensity of the sub-diffraction focal spot with constraints of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focal spot, the maximum relative intensity of the sidelobe within the

• local field of view, and the super-oscillation phase distribution. The mathematical expression of this model is as follows: where G is the sub-diffraction factor, M indicates the ratio between the maximum intensity of the sidelobe in the local region L and the central intensity of the sub-diffraction

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• the quartz crystal resonator [26]. During the sensing process, the guest molecule may selectively bind to host molecules such as the “lock and key” model. This type of “host–guest” recognition requires high-level molecular compatibility of the selectors and the analytes. The driving forces are mostly

• in the pharmaceutical industry. It has been taken as a model molecule to verify the “proof-of-principle” concept for chiral recognition [28]. Kim and co-workers fabricated ʟ-phenylalanine (ʟ-Phe)-modified QCM sensor and used vapor diffusion molecular assembly (VDMA) to study the chiral adsorption of

• crucial role in various biological processes. Since its isopropyl side group may connect to the chiral center, Val may be an ideal model to study the influence of hydrophobic side groups on a possible chiral effect. Sun et al. investigated the chiral adsorption of different modulate proteins on ʟ(ᴅ)-Val

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• Debye screening length, about 9 nm for aqueous electrolytes [11][12][13][14]: where κ is the Debye screening length, εm is the permittivity of medium, kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and NA is the Avogadro number. In addition, the “two-step” model between liquid and solid proposed by

• Wang et al. also provides a valuable explanation and deeper understanding of solid–liquid interactions. Compared to the traditional model, Wang’s model suggests that electron transfer between liquid molecules and solid surface atoms is the initial step and is followed by ion transfer due to electronic

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• are currently at the stage of development and basic research, but the interest in them is systematically growing, which is reflected in numerous scientific and popular science publications. Microneedle ocular patches for the delivery of pilocarpine, a model drug usually employed in the treatment of

• . The amount of the drug that permeated across the cornea was distinctly higher from the microneedle system in comparison to the standard solution [160]. In a subsequent work, the authors presented two types of patches for the delivery of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a model steroidal drug applied in

• , MSP yielded much greater TA concentrations in the vitreous humor and choroid-retinal complex after 5 min of application. Moreover, the patches were tested with a rabbit eye model. In this case, after 24 h, significantly higher TA accumulation was observed for MSP in comparison to MCP and intravitreal

Nonlinear features of the superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor φ₀ Josephson junction in the ferromagnetic resonance region

• Aliasghar Janalizadeh,
• Ilhom R. Rahmonov,
• Sara A. Abdelmoneim,
• Yury M. Shukrinov and
• Mohammad R. Kolahchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1155–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.97

• relation, preventing it from being antisymmetric. Such Josephson junctions are named φ0 junctions [1], and examples, such as MnSi and FeGe, exist. The second one is the nonlinear property of the system, which makes for an anomalous resonance behavior [14]. We couple such a Josephson junction to the model

• that describes the magnetodynamics in thin films or heterostructures to form the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Josephson model (LLGJ) [14][15][16]. It is shown that, for a particular set of parameters, the coupled equations reduce to the dynamics of a Duffing oscillator [14]. The cubic nonlinearity in this

• Landau–Lifshitz model to reproduce the damping of the precessing magnetic moment. Gilbert damping is also important in modeling other resonance features, as its temperature dependence affects them [20][21], and, in turn, in the superconducting correlations that affect it [22]. The magnetization

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• . Acemannan was found to be released in a long-term manner. Furthermore, an in vitro cell interaction study on osteoblasts revealed that the produced material stimulates cell growth. In addition, in vivo investigations on a rat distal femur model show that a considerable amount of new bone has grown (Figure 2

• fused deposition model at 210 °C with a layer height of 200 µm. The in vitro ability of the 3D-printed scaffolds was evaluated in human osteosarcoma cells and the results show that the composites are biocompatible and nontoxic to the cells [125]. An extrusion-based 3D printing of methacrylate chitosan

• bone matrix. The internal structure of the bone has the 100–500 µm osteon which contains 300 nm collagen fibrils, hydroxyapatite crystals, and 1.5 nm tropocollagen. The in vivo development of new bone in a rat distal femur model five weeks after implantation. Figure 2a depicts 3D pictures created by

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• various composites, BOM-20 shows the highest activity with a CTC removal rate up to 88.2%. Additionally, Figure 6b demonstrates that the photocatalytic degradation of CTC accords with the quasi-first-order kinetic model. Figure 6c shows the apparent kinetic constant (k) of CTC photodegradation by the as

• results from radical trapping and ESR experiments. Thus, the Z-scheme charge-transfer model is expected to clarify the photocatalytic mechanism of BOM-20 for degradation of CTC. As illustrated in Figure 10, under visible-light irradiation, MIL101(Fe) and Bi2O3 can be excited to produce e− and

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• -dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) while simultaneously limiting the NA of the emitter. Paraxial approximation and a transfer matrix model are used to find the spotsize of the fundamental Gaussian mode and the resonant modes of our microcavity, respectively. A Purcell enhancement of 6 is found for

• , followed by a transfer matrix model used to find the resonant modes of the microcavity, which are then corroborated by FDTD simulations. Results and Discussion Fabrication design Hybrid plano-concave microcavity By using a quarter-wavelength DBR with a multilayer 2D material on top (Figure 2a), we designed

• + DBR system a L(HL)15 dielectric stack. A transfer matrix model [24] was used to calculate the electric field distribution inside the hBN + DBR system (Figure 6). The full transfer matrix S of our microcavity is defined as: where L and I represent the transfer and interface matrix, respectively, of the

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• physics in QCL’s gain medium which consists of multiple of dielectric nanostructures with high refractive index under light injection, we modified the 1½-period model to calculate values of electron population and lifetime in each subband which is separated by the nanostructures, optical gain, current and

• ½-period model of QCLs [17], a numerical calculation method for all-optical modulation of QCLs is proposed here. By considering the change of carrier distribution in the active region of a QCL caused by the injected light, the results of all-optical modulation experiments can be reasonably explained. These

• study of the all-optical modulation of QCLs. A flow chart of the numerical calculations for the all-optical modulation of QCLs is shown in Figure 1. Here, we modify our numerical model in two cases. The first case is when modulating the laser wavelength to greater than the lower laser subband of the

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• micromechanical oscillators via EB irradiation which contradicts the model of EB-induced carbonization as a simple process of adding carbon mass to the irradiated area [32]. Doubly clamped beams made of Au85Pd15 were irradiated by EB and their resonance frequency increased with exposure time and beam current due

• -contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the model Park NX10 AFM. The first experiment was conducted with beam current I as the variable parameter ranging from 7 to 500 pA. However, changing the value of I also changed the beam diameter d, which is a function of I and the working distance (WD). The

• that a simplistic model of carbon mass deposition on a metal surface is not always sufficient to describe the growth of nanostructures on metal surfaces under focused EB. Diffusion of carbon and metal ions can occur under some conditions of irradiation, but further research is necessary to determine

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• depth. Investigations performed with low-energy argon ions [15][19][20] have shown that the current model describing the sputter yields and the sputtering processes (such as sputtering threshold and the amorphization process) does not fit with experimental data, leading to discrepancies that cannot be

• therefore safe to assume that most experimental chambers able to hold vacuum between 10−6 to 10−10 mbar will contain water molecules that will interact with the sample surface. Water has been widely studied [23][24][25][26] and is well described by many simulation tools available to model samples in such

• tried to give a broader picture of the phenomenon in solids or in crystals [36], by using a very small sample size and performing an exhaustive study on bond orders and bond length average (Gaussian core model), as well as analysing the granularity of the system in liquid/solid phases. However, these

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• varying concentrations. Specifically, our model system consist of a supercell composed of a zirconia (ZrO2) matrix containing two nickel dopants (2Ni), which substitute two Zr atoms at a finite separation. We found the 2Ni atoms to be most stable in a ferromagnetic configuration in the absence of oxygen

• tetrahedron also having Zr in its center. To model Ni-doped zirconia, we substituted two Ni dopant atoms at two Zr sites and then varied the number of O vacancies. It should be noted that this number of Ni dopant atoms implies a concentration of 6.25 atom % Ni in our model system. The introduction of O

• systematic study of the transition from the tetragonal to the cubic supercell is presented). To model the nickel-doped system, we substitute two Zr atoms at their respective lattice sites with two nickel atoms, Ni1 and Ni2. This corresponds to 6.25 atom % dopant concentration of the 2Ni-doped zirconia. Spin

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• , Stuttgart, Germany Department Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.13.84 Abstract In a biomimetic top-down process, challenging the problem of resin deposition on woodworking machine tools, an adequate biological model was sought, which

• hypothetically could have developed evolutionary anti-adhesive strategies. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) was identified as an analogue model since it collects and processes propolis, which largely consists of collected tree resin. Propolis is a sticky substance used by bees to seal their hive and protect the

• plant are deprived of further reproduction, which exerts a significant evolutionary selection pressure. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) was chosen as a possible model because it collects and processes propolis, a sticky and ductile material, that is created by mixing plant resins, wax, and other

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• the biological model. The artificial surfaces imitating the leaves should have the same chemical and wetting properties as leaf surfaces. To prove these criteria, the chemical composition of the native and transferred wax extracts, the morphology of native and recrystallized wax crystals and the

• cultivated outdoors were covered with wax platelets. Hence, the wax morphology of the investigated wheat leaves showed no developmental and ecological variability. The wax platelets could therefore be used as a native model for the development of artificial leaf surfaces. Artificial surfaces As a decisive

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• minimizing the required low VAC needed for operation in order to avoid the associated problems, for example, current flow, electrodeposition, or Faradaic reactions [9]. For this assessment, a number of simplifying assumptions have been made: (1) We use a simple spherical model of tip–sample capacitance [2