Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

• Christian Ganser,
• Gerhard Fritz-Popovski,
• Roland Morak,
• Parvin Sharifi,
• Benedetta Marmiroli,
• Barbara Sartori,
• Heinz Amenitsch,
• Thomas Griesser,
• Christian Teichert and
• Oskar Paris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 637–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.56

• to obtain an estimate for the two half axes a and b of the elliptical pore cross-section, which are given in Figure 3b. Together with the lattice parameters A and B of the centered rectangular unit cell, the pore volume fraction (porosity) of the film can easily be calculated by . Moreover, the mean

Impact of ultrasonic dispersion on the photocatalytic activity of titania aggregates

• Hoai Nga Le,
• Frank Babick,
• Klaus Kühn,
• Minh Tan Nguyen,
• Michael Stintz and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2423–2430, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.250

• illuminated batch reactors [6][7][8] and follow Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics [9][10]. This research has focused on the materials aspects such as the structural properties (e.g., surface area, particle size, crystal composition, porosity) [8][11] of pristine or modified photocatalysts [2][5][12]. However

Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles

• Dulce G. Romero-Urbina,
• Humberto H. Lara,
• J. Jesús Velázquez-Salazar,
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez,
• Eduardo Larios,
• Anand Srinivasan,
• Jose L. Lopez-Ribot and
• Miguel José Yacamán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2396–2405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.246

• cell wall becomes deformed and damaged is shown. Disruption of bacterial membranes induces pore and hole formation (Figure 9a,b) and also generates deformation of cell shape (Figure 7 and Figure 9a), damage of the PG layer, porosity of the cell membrane and consequent discharge of cytoplasmic (Figure

• interacting with their cell walls, resulting in imbalances and increased porosity of their cell membranes and a resultant loss of cytoplasmic content. EDS analyses showed the presence of smaller AgNPs in the cytoplasms of cells that possibly interacted with DNA material (Figure 10). Furthermore, the MIC

Influence of wide band gap oxide substrates on the photoelectrochemical properties and structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles grown by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Alexander V. Mazanik,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Еugene А. Streltsov and
• Anatoly I. Kulak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2252–2262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.231

• of sample exposure in each solution and rinsing was 1 min. The cycle was repeated 5–300 times, then the sample was washed with distilled water and dried in air. SEM images were obtained with a LEO 1455 VP scanning electron microscope. The BET surface area and porosity measurements were performed

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• fact that a longer anodization time does not increase the APT thickness is different from what is known for APA [24], where the oxide continues to grow at the expense of the underlying metal. In fact, in previous extensive studies, the nature of the porosity resulting in Ti from anodization was also

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• characterized by a depth filter-like structure with internal porosity due to interparticle voids. Permeability and size-selectivity were studied by monitoring the diffusion of probe molecules under standard conditions and under the application of an external stimulus (i.e., electric field). Promising results

• covering the macroporous support. Figure 2B represents a schematic top-view of a single macropore (diameter of 5 μm) functionalized with nanoparticles in a depth-filter arrangement. The tortuous porosity is due to the tiny voids between the nanoparticles (interparticles voids) forming a disordered porous

• porosity of such depth-filter coatings, thicker samples of large weight were prepared by solvent-casting and N2 adsorption/desorption gas-volumetric analyses were performed. TEM measurements confirmed that the casting procedure adopted for this preparation provided a morphology similar to spin-coated

Effect of SiN_x diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ films obtained by sol–gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering

• Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal,
• Eric Aubry,
• Nouari Chaoui and
• Didier Robert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2039–2045, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.207

• average grain size is not affected by the variation of the SiNx barrier thickness. From the fragmented cross-sections (Figure 2b), the film morphology appeared to be composed of distinguishable columns separated by boundaries, which corresponds to an intracolumnar porosity. Operating at pressures higher

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• , this fabrication enables to set-up process parameters for facile control of nanofibrous mat properties such as surface area, fiber diameter, porosity, and thickness [15]. In the recent years, much effort has been devoted to modifying the electrospinning process, so coaxial, multi-jet, or side-by-side

• 86.6% for PLA nanofibers. These differences may have slightly influenced the release of incorporated molecules. However, the mercury porosimetry measurements were conducted in a vacuum. In an aqueous environment, in which the nanofibers are supposed to be used, the porosity may differ due to the

• diffuse through to reach the periphery of the material, which prolongs release times. The porosity of nanofibers did not appear to affect the release rate. A larger porosity may increase the volume of liquid that surrounds the fibers and consequently accelerate the release, but this effect was not

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• ,z carbon is supposed to create of a porosity volume inside the electrode, corresponding to a volume increase due to matter transfer. This porous volume is then recovered during the lithium extraction and the total volume change of the electrode is then minimized. In addition, the carbon also acts as

• capacity retention of the MgH2–33.3% CMC–33.3% Ct,z/Li and MgH2–33.3% CMC-f–33.3% Ct,z/Li electrodes. Thus, porosity created by the polymers might explain the better volume accommodation of the electrode during lithium extraction. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the nature of the

• shown promising results [62][63]. Thus, for solid-state hydrogen storage applications, very fast hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics have been indeed confirmed for nanoscale Mg hydride (MgH2) confined into the porosity of different carbon hosts [64][65] or chemical matrices [66][67]. Very recently

Imaging of carbon nanomembranes with helium ion microscopy

• André Beyer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Robin Klett,
• Hanno Meyer zu Theenhausen,
• Polina Angelova and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1712–1720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.175

• mechanical properties, such as elasticity and porosity, as well as the chemical composition of the resulting CNM. The freely suspended CNMs are made by transferring the cross-linked SAM from its substrate to a holey structure, such as a metal grid. The resulting CNM is approximately as thick as the original

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• properties (porosity, density, compressive strength, heat capacity) and the thermal stability up to 400 °C in an air atmosphere have been determined. Quartzite was chosen as the most suitable filler material because of its high thermal conductivity (caused by the high percentage of the mineral quartz) and

The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• generated leading to the enlargement of the formed voids (Figure 2c) that will coalesce and form pores within the material. Until recently, the formation of pores in metal alloys as a consequence of the Kirkendall effect was considered as a serious problem in metallurgy. For example, porosity at the

Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• humidity sensitivity equal about 56 Hz/pg and about 100 Hz/%, respectively. The approach presented here for the design of anodic alumina cantilever arrays by the combination of anodic oxidation and photolithography enables easy control over porosity, surface area, geometric and mechanical characteristics

• through porosity”. One promising porous system exhibiting all the necessary characteristics is anodic aluminium oxide (AAO). Its huge surface area offers an enormous number of binding sites. The adsorption of chemicals on the surface of the cantilever manifests itself by the shift of the resonance

• methods by controlling the total electric quantity and assuming a current efficiency of 90% [12]. Thus, the proposed approach enables easy control over porosity, surface area, and geometric characteristics of cantilever arrays which provide wide opportunities for the design of micromechanical sensors with

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• found that their average particle size follows the sequence of GNF < MWNT ≈ SWNT < AC, but the activity and selectivity are sensitive to other factors such as porosity and surface chemistry of the carbon support [21][22]. Finally, alternative preparation methods have also been reported, including

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• corresponds to an effective electrode area of about 0.05 cm2 (ca. 10% porosity). For comparison, CVs were also recorded using a Au macroelectrode, having an electroactive area of 0.4 cm2. Morphological analysis was performed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Jeol JSM 7401 F). Energy

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• dashed line in Figure 6a. The thickness of the Co layer in sample D was chosen such that, given the nano-porosity of the processed platinum, its atomic content per volume was set to be nearly equal to that in the processed Pt layer. In consequence of this, sample D is a nano-stripe where the formation of

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• porosity ε was set to 0.5 such that the capacity of each electrode is equal. The geometries are shown in Figure 1. The left and the right electrode are the anode and the cathode, respectively. They are connected to current collectors through which electrons enter. Note that although electrodes are equal

• basic particles are spherical and ellipsoidal, the porous electrode theory mimics the solid diffusion process always by a sphere of a certain radius. This radius r is related to the specific interface area a and the electrode porosity ε by a = 3ε/r. Here we chose the approach to determine a from the

Characterization of nanostructured ZnO thin films deposited through vacuum evaporation

• Jose Alberto Alvarado,
• Arturo Maldonado,
• Héctor Juarez,
• Mauricio Pacio and
• Rene Perez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 971–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.100

• appears in this spectrum is attributed to the porosity of this material and the spaces between the nanostructures; this is confirmed by the HRSEM images. Estimation of the optical band gap Ignoring the reflectivity, which is expected to be low, the coefficient α may be determined from the results of the

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• -sustaining assemblies that show high porosity [3], structural stability, and good electrical conductivity [4] are the best candidates for environmental applications such as filtration [5], separation [6], biological sensors [7], and oil-spill remediation [8] but also as mechanical actuators [9], catalytic

• networks consisting of randomly interconnected nanostructures. The bulk carbon nanostructures display a structural flexibility rarely observed in other high-porosity materials, e.g., bulk carbon aerogels [12] or aligned CNT arrays [3]. The pristine CNT-sponges are super-hydrophobic (i.e., a water contact

• -ultraviolet range. Results and Discussion The produced CNT-sponges are light and porous, and can be cut into pieces of the desired size as shown in Figure 1. The micro-porosity of the synthesized material is responsible for its very low density of about 15 mg/cm3 and its good conductivity (electrical

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• analyzed with a TriStar II 3020 (Micrometrics®, USA) surface area and porosity system. Prior to the analysis, the samples were degassed at 150 °C for 5 h under nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were obtained with Axis Ultra DLD instrument of Kratos by using monochromatic Al Kα

Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

• Jacques Perrin Toinin,
• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Michaël Texier,
• Maxime Bertoglio,
• Sandrine Bernardini,
• Marco Abbarchi and
• Lee Chow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 336–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.32

•  4.3) shows the porosity enlargement of the porous structure compared to lower TB (Figure 4.2). In addition to the implantation-induced defects identified in plan-view observations, cross-sectional observations show the existence of cavities at the Ge/SiO2 interface (Figure 4.1 and 4.2). These cavities

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• powerful tool to control cell affinity and adhesion. Moreover, their high surface area to volume ratio, porosity and biodegradability favor cellular interactions, making them ideal candidates for polymer scaffolds [16]. As it is well known, the ideal scaffold should possess good bulk properties in terms of

• composition of the surface without affecting its bulk properties. Overall, PCL nanofibrous scaffolds with morphological features that mimic the ECM, and adequate porosity as well as surface hydrophilicity, were successfully fabricated by the electrospinning method. In order to make the scaffold more

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• concentration of holes with diameters of up to 20 nm, rather than individual nanoparticles. This manner of porosity for α-Mn2O3 was also confirmed by N2 adsorption–desorption measurements (see Figure 8). Mesoporosity in hexagonally shaped α-Mn2O3 particles and circular Mn2O3 discs obtained by calcination at

• -Mn2O3 is another argument for the porosity of these particles, as the pore walls in this case represent boundaries of the crystalline domains. Because these domains are regarded as Scherrer crystallites, we conclude that the obtained sizes are the mean distances between the pores as well as the minimum

• diameter of the α-Mn2O3 particles. From the isotherms recorded during N2 adsorption–desorption measurements (see Figure 8a) specific BET surface areas of 302, 30 and 20 m2/g were calculated for the Mn3O4, Mn5O8 and α-Mn2O3 samples, respectively. The porosity of the α-Mn2O3 particles observed in the TEM