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Search for "precursor" in Full Text gives 584 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

  • Andre Mähringer,
  • Julian M. Rotter and
  • Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

Graphical Abstract
  • the VAC precursor solution. These nanostructured M-CAT-1 MOF films feature extreme wetting phenomena, specifically superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties with water and underwater oil-contact angles of 0° and up to 174°, respectively. The self-cleaning capability of the
  • methods for producing both compact and nanostructured M-CAT-1 films (see Figure S5.1, Supporting Information File 1). Briefly, oriented thin films of Ni- and Co-CAT-1 were synthesized on gold substrates by depositing a thin layer of a precursor solution onto a gold substrate. Then, the gold substrate was
  • by including carboxylic acids, which served as crystallization promotors in the drop-cast precursor solution layer. Specifically, we introduced acetic acid in the Ni-CAT-1 and salicylic acid in the Co-CAT-1 synthesis (see Figure 2A). Top-view SEM images show a homogenous film and a long-range ordered
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Published 09 Oct 2019

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

  • William W. Bryan,
  • Riddhiman Medhi,
  • Maria D. Marquez,
  • Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
  • Michael Tran and
  • T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

Graphical Abstract
  • . However, the surface morphology of the porous nanoshells is rough (see Figure 4b). Possible reasons for the roughness include destabilizing intercalation of the salt precursor into the polymer matrix and insufficient nucleation sites, leading to lengthy time periods needed for nanocapsule growth. To
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Published 04 Oct 2019

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

  • Kenneth A. Kane and
  • Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

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  • for the monometallic precursor colloids, which are mixed together without any post laser treatment to form unalloyed heterostructures, is based on a previously reported method [20]. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol is a widely utilized benchmark method for gauging catalytic activity [21][22] as the rate
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Published 26 Sep 2019

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

  • Ilka Simon,
  • Julius Hornung,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Jörg Thomas,
  • Maik Finze,
  • Roland A. Fischer and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

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  • reduce the Ga3+ precursor, working as a nucleation center for the Ga atoms and prevent uncontrolled coagulation of the liquid metal. Through annealing, the single-phase products can be obtained [27][42]. The all-hydrocarbon precursor GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), with the Ga atom in the
  • assume that during the dispersion a chemical reaction of the precursors to Ni/Ga clusters occurs. The formation of clusters from metal precursor materials in ionic liquids has been described before, for example, [EMIm][Ni(P2S8)] [51], [BMMIm]16[Sn24Se56] [52], [Ru2Bi14Br4][AlCl4] [53], [Bi5(AlCl4)3] [53
  • , but with poor conversions. After the removal of the IL, precipitated NiGa nanoparticles achieved an increased conversion higher than 90% over 3 runs. The selectivities towards the alkene still reached 100%. Experimental Due to the sensitivity of the precursor substances towards hydrolysis and
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Published 21 Aug 2019

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

  • Carol López de Dicastillo,
  • Cristian Patiño,
  • María José Galotto,
  • Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
  • Claudia Torrent,
  • Daniela Alburquenque,
  • Alejandro Pereira and
  • Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

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  • solution and the type of polymer. On the other hand, ALD is a novel metal oxide deposition process with excellent thickness control due to its low temperature processing and separated superficial reactions between precursor materials. Precursors are pulsed one by one over a substrate in the chamber and
  • in each half-cycle were 30 s and 60 s, respectively. Subsequently, the TiO2 deposition process was performed using the combination of the TDMAT precursor agent and ultrapure water for 300 cycles. These precursors were alternatively introduced into the ALD chamber at 200 °C with a pulse time of 0.1
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Published 19 Aug 2019

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

  • Ditty Dixon,
  • Deepu Joseph Babu,
  • Aiswarya Bhaskar,
  • Hans-Michael Bruns,
  • Joerg J. Schneider,
  • Frieder Scheiba and
  • Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

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  • electrochemical performance in a VRFB compared to the untreated sample with fewer defects. The commercial carbon felts (GFD-type) used as electrode materials in the present study are made out of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor. In contrast to the commonly employed thermal activation process, the plasma
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Published 13 Aug 2019

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

  • Maxim V. Gorkunov,
  • Irina V. Kasyanova,
  • Vladimir V. Artemov,
  • Alena V. Mamonova and
  • Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

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  • display-quality glass substrates covered with ca. 150 nm thin transparent ITO electrodes. Polyimide (PI) is deposited onto the substrates by a conventional routine combining a precursor spin-coating and annealing at 190 °C for 1 h, which produces a mechanically robust PI layer of 10–20 nm thickness. Next
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Published 12 Aug 2019

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

  • Christina Schneidermann,
  • Pascal Otto,
  • Desirée Leistenschneider,
  • Sven Grätz,
  • Claudia Eßbach and
  • Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

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  • materials that were applied in supercapacitor electrodes. In detail, a mechanochemical solvent-free one-pot synthesis is used and combined with a thermal treatment. Polyurethane is an ideal precursor already containing nitrogen in its backbone, yielding nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials with N content
  • suitable nitrogenous carbon precursor. The conventional production of N-doped porous carbon materials from PU, however, requires many process steps and produces large quantities of solvent waste from crushing and dissolving steps, the addition of toxic chemicals, as well as the subsequent drying and
  • content through addition of urea Since we observed a decreasing N content during the activation process of PU, we added urea as an additional nitrogenous precursor to the mechanochemical synthesis. Please note the modified sample code, with polyurethane–urea–K2CO3 as PUUPC and a new sequence number (Table
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Published 06 Aug 2019

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

  • Hejin Jiang,
  • Huahua Fan,
  • Yuqian Jiang,
  • Li Zhang and
  • Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

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  • various solvents. Results and Discussion Self-assembly of NCLG Three chiral amphiphile materials, named as 2NCLG, 3NCLG and 4NCLG (as an acronym related to the precursor nitrocinnamic ʟ-glutamic acid (NCLG)), were designed and synthesized by covalently linking three trans-nitrocinnamic acids (2-NCA, 3-NCA
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Published 05 Aug 2019

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

  • Katsuhiko Ariga,
  • Michio Matsumoto,
  • Taizo Mori and
  • Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

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  • -workers [226] were one of the first representative examples for interfacially polymerized MOF films at the liquid–liquid interface. Two immiscible phases of water and dichloromethane spatially segregate nickel acetate, a metal node precursor, from benzenehexathiol (BHT, a coordinating linker) and confine
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Published 30 Jul 2019

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

  • Vadim B. Platonov,
  • Marina N. Rumyantseva,
  • Alexander S. Frolov,
  • Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
  • Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

Graphical Abstract
  • Polycarbosilane (PCS) was used as a precursor. In a typical procedure, 1 g of PCS was dissolved in 10 mL of chloroform. After the PCS completely dissolved, 1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M = 1 300 000) was added. The mixture was actively stirred for 5 h at 40 °C. The polymer solution was loaded in a plastic
  • precursor. In a typical procedure, 200 mg of zinc acetate was dissolved in 10 mL of mixed (1:1) solvent composed of 2-methoxyethanol and isopropanol. After complete dissolution of zinc acetate, 900 mg of PVP was added and the mixture was actively stirred for 5 h at 40 °C. The electrospinning of the polymer
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Published 26 Jul 2019

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

  • Rieko Kobayashi,
  • Takafumi Ishii,
  • Yasuo Imashiro and
  • Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

Graphical Abstract
  • oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of a fuel cell. Precursors obtained by heating FA in the presence of phosphoric acid at temperatures of 400–1000 °C were further annealed at 1000 °C to afford PN-doped carbon materials. The extent of precursor P doping was maximized at 700 °C, and the use of
  • of P-series precursors prepared at temperatures above 400 °C had a shape different from that of the corresponding H-series precursor spectra, and 400 °C was thus taken as the onset of PA action. Interestingly, the nature of this action depended on the CPAT temperature, i.e., N loss was promoted at
  • 400 °C, precursor co-doping with N and P atoms was promoted at 400–700 °C, and the increase of BET-SSA accompanied by the decrease of N and P content was promoted above 800 °C. As a result, maximum N and P contents were obtained at a CPAT temperature of 700 °C. This behavior agreed with the results of
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Published 25 Jul 2019

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

  • Pei Wang,
  • Katarzyna Kulp and
  • Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

Graphical Abstract
  • the preparation of hierarchically structured CNTs on glassy carbon (GC) based on a sequential CNT growth over electrodeposited Fe nanoparticles via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with cyclohexane as the carbon precursor. Pt electrodeposition onto these hierarchical structures leads to active
  • that the density and diameter of CNTs synthesized on carbon cloth with ethylene as the carbon precursor over a nickel catalyst at 700 °C decrease with decreasing ratio of H2 to N2 [62], while CNTs grown on an Fe-decorated Si wafer at 825 °C using toluene increased in density and diameter with
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Published 24 Jul 2019

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

  • Ivan Kundrata,
  • Karol Fröhlich,
  • Lubomír Vančo,
  • Matej Mičušík and
  • Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

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  • hexamethyldisilazane [7]. Lithium hexamethyldisilazane enabled the direct deposition of deposit Li2SiO3 using ozone as a secondary precursor [7], at temperatures beginning at 150 °C, which are among the lowest for lithium ALD. Especially interesting is the ALD deposition of the aforementioned LIPON, which is currently
  • combination with lithium hexamethyldisilazane to deposit LIPON films [9]. The key insight was the use of a nitrogen-containing phosphorus precursor to directly create the P–N bonds. The resulting films grown by this technique at 270–330 °C were amorphous and the nitrogen concentration increased with the
  • new ways to overcome these difficulties. In contrast to regular ALD, sALD uses solvents as precursor-carrying media, thereby eliminating the need for complicated gas supply lines and vacuum chambers, vastly simplifying the necessary setup for deposition. Furthermore, there is no need for complex
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Published 18 Jul 2019

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi2WO6 nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

  • Hong-long Shi,
  • Bin Zou,
  • Zi-an Li,
  • Min-ting Luo and
  • Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

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  • of deionized water, 0.97 g (0.002 mol) Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, 0.15 g cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and 0.33 g (0.001 mol) Na2WO4·2H2O were added successively under magnetic stirring at room temperature to yield the precursor suspension. The precursor suspension was further transferred into a Teflon
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Published 18 Jul 2019

Selective gas detection using Mn3O4/WO3 composites as a sensing layer

  • Yongjiao Sun,
  • Zhichao Yu,
  • Wenda Wang,
  • Pengwei Li,
  • Gang Li,
  • Wendong Zhang,
  • Lin Chen,
  • Serge Zhuivkov and
  • Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

Graphical Abstract
  • [16]. The blue-colored precursor was first oxidized into faint-yellow-colored WO3 nanowires, and then re-crystallized to nanoparticles or nanorods of larger size with less grain boundaries in order to reduce the free energy. Furthermore, with the increase of the amount of Mn, the proportion of
  • solution was poured into an 80 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and maintained at 200 °C inside an oven. The bluish precipitate was obtained through washing, centrifugation and drying at 80 °C. Finally, after annealing at 500 °C in air for 2 h, the as-prepared blue precursor was converted to faint
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Published 17 Jul 2019

BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

  • Minlin Ao,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Xuekun Tang,
  • Zishun Li,
  • Qian Peng and
  • Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

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  • solution A. Solution B was obtained by mixing 4 g of diatomite, 20 mL of ethanol, 0.5 mL of glacial acetic acid and 1.5 mL of 0.1 mol/L nitric acid under stirring. In order to obtain the precursor colloid, solution B was dripped into solution A under stirring. After that, the precursor was dried at 60 °C
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Published 16 Jul 2019

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

  • Mohamad Azani Jalani,
  • Leny Yuliati,
  • Siew Ling Lee and
  • Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

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  • from gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4) solution have been used as a precursor for post-synthetic grafting upon mixing with mesoporous silica [20]. Another method is to utilize the co-condensation reaction by the mixing solution of HAuCl4 with surfactants and silica sources during the sol–gel
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Published 05 Jul 2019

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi2O4 microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

  • Weilong Shi,
  • Mingyang Li,
  • Hongji Ren,
  • Feng Guo,
  • Xiliu Huang,
  • Yu Shi and
  • Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

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  • dissolved in distilled water (70 mL) and constantly stirred for 3 h. Then, the mixed precursor was transferred into a 100 mL steel autoclave and heated for 24 h at 180 °C. The precipitate was washed with distilled water, and dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain the CBO microrods. Au nanoparticles were loaded
  • method and dispersed in aqueous solution of HAuCl4. After vigorous stirring, Au3+ was adsorbed on the surface CBO microrods. Then, the precursor mixture was boiled to reduce Au3+ to Au NPs precipitating on the CBO microrods yielding the Au/CBO hybrid photocatalyst. The crystalline phases of CBO and Au
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Published 04 Jul 2019

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

  • Kai Xiao,
  • Baris Kumru,
  • Lu Chen,
  • Lei Jiang,
  • Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
  • Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

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  • polymerization temperature was set to 773 K. Then, the evaporated precursor was deposited and polymerized in the porous AAO membrane, generating carbon nitride nanotubes. Figure 1c shows a schematic of a bare AAO membrane and the carbon nitride nanotubes formed in the AAO membrane. Similar to bulk g-CN
  • fabricated by thermally induced polycondensation, the CNNM has a planar one-dimensional molecular structure based on NH-bridged tri-s-triazine units [25]. Meanwhile, the diameter of CNNMs can be well adjusted by controlling the amount of precursor (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). CNNMs fabricated
  • (diameter: 5 mm) was cleaned with ethanol and deionized water, then dried with nitrogen. Subsequently, the cleaned AAO and the precursor melamine were put on the bottom of the glass test tube. The samples were placed in the oven to heat to 773 K with a heating rate of 10 K/min, and then kept for 4 h to
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Published 27 Jun 2019

Alloyed Pt3M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

  • Stéphane Louisia,
  • Yohann R. J. Thomas,
  • Pierre Lecante,
  • Marie Heitzmann,
  • M. Rosa Axet,
  • Pierre-André Jacques and
  • Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

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  • was observed with annealing of the N-CNTs. This could explain why the NP distribution is better for Pt3Co/N-CNT compared to Pt3Co/N-CNTHT. Non-annealed CNTs seem to have better interaction with the Co precursor and the as-obtained catalysts show a better NP distribution. Nevertheless, the mean size of
  • influence of the metal precursor on the NP distribution. Regardless of the carbon support, much better distribution on the CNT walls was obtained with the Ni precursor. The affinity between the metal precursor and the carbon surface seems to play a role on the active phase distribution. The higher affinity
  • deionized water added to the solution. After stirring overnight, the solution was filtered; the product was washed with ethanol and deionized water, and finally dried at 80 °C. The Pt3Ni/CNT catalysts were prepared using the same procedure using NiCl2·6H2O as the metal precursor. Characterization The
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Published 21 Jun 2019

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)3:Eu3+ nanoparticles for white light generation

  • Tugrul Guner,
  • Anilcan Kus,
  • Mehmet Ozcan,
  • Aziz Genc,
  • Hasan Sahin and
  • Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

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  • the patterns. When the yttrium acetate is treated with alkaline water for 5 min its reflections begin to disappear. The extension of the synthesis time to 15 min reduces the intensity of the precursor reflections, at the end of 45 min, and characteristic signals of the Y(OH)3 labeled with their
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Published 07 Jun 2019

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

  • Malek Bibani,
  • Romain Breitwieser,
  • Alex Aubert,
  • Vincent Loyau,
  • Silvana Mercone,
  • Souad Ammar and
  • Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

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  • as their chemical composition, in order to get the desired magnetomechanic properties, we carried out the reactions for two nominal precursor contents (x = 1 and 0.67), using two different solvents, i.e., triethylene glycol (TriEG) and tetraethylene glycol (TetEG), and three different durations of
  • temperature and precursor concentration are determining the final products in composition, shape, and size. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have already been produced by the polyol process in one or in several steps. However, little research has focused on the relationship between the NP size and the
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Published 04 Jun 2019

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

  • Binjing Hu,
  • Qiang Sun,
  • Chengyi Zuo,
  • Yunxin Pei,
  • Siwei Yang,
  • Hui Zheng and
  • Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

Graphical Abstract
  • is expanded to cover the entire surface, which is maintained over the entire wavelength range considered. This feature of the well-behaved dipole-like field on the rod surface could contribute to the improvement of the photocatalytic activity. Experimental ZIF-8 was firstly prepared as a precursor
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Published 03 Jun 2019

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles

  • Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
  • Pilar Aranda,
  • Marwa Akkari,
  • Nithima Khaorapapong and
  • Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

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  • layered clay minerals showed a strong blue-shift compared to bare ZnO prepared at the same precursor concentrations. In kaolinite, the particle size of ZnO was larger and the intercalation ratio was smaller than in montmorillonite 2:1 (a typical smectite clay mineral). In this last case, the average
  • particle size of ZnO (2.6–13.0 nm) obtained from the same concentration of the precursor was affected by the cation-exchange capacity of the clay minerals [85]. Layered clay minerals belonging to the smectite group, such as montmorillonite, hectorite, stevensite and beidellite [99][100][101][102][103][104
  • , ZnO NPs from zinc acetate ca. 20 nm were exclusively located at the external surface of the palygorskite silicate fibres [121]. ZnO can be also directly formed on the external surface of sepiolite fibres (Figure 2C), using zinc acetylacetonate as precursor [87]. As reported by Fatimah et al. [89], ZnO
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Published 31 May 2019
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