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Search for "roughness" in Full Text gives 453 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

  • Katherine Atamanuk,
  • Justin Luria and
  • Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

Graphical Abstract
  • profile, the RMS roughness is thus improved up to two orders of magnitude. Notably, there are few correlations between this morphology and the photovoltaic performance. Figure 3 displays secondary scanning electron microscopy images of the as-provided thin film (Figure 3a, outer regions) and the surface
  • of milled material that were not swept out of the field of view during planarization/tomography. The weaker, heterogeneous contrast within results partially from not quite perfect smoothing of the initially high roughness topography. As already introduced, sequentially repeating ISC* and direct VOC
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Published 14 Jun 2018

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

  • Can Zhao,
  • Yuexiao Song,
  • Tianyu Xiang,
  • Wenxiu Qu,
  • Shuo Lou,
  • Xiaohong Yin and
  • Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

Graphical Abstract
  • increasing concentration of DA (Figure S2A–D, Supporting Information File 1). After the heat treatment at 800 °C, Co nanoparticles embedded in the rough and porous carbon layer are observed (Figure S2E–H, Supporting Information File 1). The surface roughness is observed to reduce with decreasing
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Published 13 Jun 2018

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

  • Reika Makita,
  • Tsukasa Akasaka,
  • Seiichi Tamagawa,
  • Yasuhiro Yoshida,
  • Saori Miyata,
  • Hirofumi Miyaji and
  • Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

Graphical Abstract
  • , 1 um, or 500 nm, on Saos-2 cell attachment and proliferation. The gelatin patterned surfaces have a high wettability due to the high gelatin content. It is known that Saos-2 cells prefer to attach to rough surfaces [59][74]. Therefore, Saos-2 cell attachment indicates high roughness on our gelatin
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Published 11 Jun 2018

Magnetic properties of Fe3O4 antidot arrays synthesized by AFIR: atomic layer deposition, focused ion beam and thermal reduction

  • Juan L. Palma,
  • Alejandro Pereira,
  • Raquel Álvaro,
  • José Miguel García-Martín and
  • Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.164

Graphical Abstract
  • , which has a pyramidal geometry with 25° slope. Once the thermal reduction is performed, the morphology is preserved and the Fe3O4 antidots are obtained. Only a slight reduction in roughness is produced: In the AFM measurements performed in the thin film regions, the roughness of the initial Fe2O3 film
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Published 11 Jun 2018

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS2 nanosheets as field-emission source

  • Geetanjali Deokar,
  • Nitul S. Rajput,
  • Junjie Li,
  • Francis Leonard Deepak,
  • Wei Ou-Yang,
  • Nicolas Reckinger,
  • Carla Bittencourt,
  • Jean-Francois Colomer and
  • Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

Graphical Abstract
  • energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector) operating at 200 kV for imaging and elemental characterization. Roughness and topography of the as-grown MoS2 NSs (before transfer) were examined by atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM scans were recorded in resonant mode (AppNanoTM made cantilever with
  • crystals. Therefore, unlike in the previous case [20], the growth of micrometer-size crystals (of Mo or MoO3) on the sample surface was not observed. The AFM measurements confirm (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1) a dense growth of MoS2 NSs. The observed root mean square roughness was 8 nm
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Published 07 Jun 2018

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

  • Yi-Ru Huang,
  • Yao-Ching Chiu,
  • Kuan-Chieh Huang,
  • Shao-Ying Ting,
  • Po-Jui Chiang,
  • Chih-Ming Lai,
  • Chun-Ping Jen,
  • Snow H. Tseng and
  • Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

Graphical Abstract
  • are shown in Figure 2. The results show the surface roughness and surface height distribution of the three samples. Figure 2a, Figure 2d, and Figure 2g show the three-dimensional AFM images of AAO60, AAO70, and AAO80, respectively. Figure 2d shows the overall structure and structural integrity of the
  • reflected by the surface roughness of LEDs. RCWA analysis indicated that surface plasmon waves are not involved in LEE enhancement. Experimental To produce a typical LED chip with a single-sided PSS, InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs were grown on c-plane (0001)-oriented PSSs using a metal–organic chemical vapor
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Published 30 May 2018

Evaluation of replicas manufactured in a 3D-printed nanoimprint unit

  • Manuel Caño-García,
  • Morten A. Geday,
  • Manuel Gil-Valverde,
  • Xabier Quintana and
  • José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1573–1581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.149

Graphical Abstract
  • considered acceptable for the simple custom-made unit tested here. It should be noted that RMS is higher on average for solvent-free materials. This result can be explained assuming that the solvent somewhat flattens the samples diffusing their roughness. The difference is not large, except in a few NOA81
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Published 28 May 2018

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3

  • Nino Schön,
  • Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
  • Shicheng Yu,
  • Hermann Tempel,
  • Roland Schierholz and
  • Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

Graphical Abstract
  • LATP sample exhibits an RMS roughness of 4.4 nm and 2.7 nm for the regions depicted in Figure 2b and Figure 2d, respectively. However, the sample shown in Figure 4c prepared by FIB exhibits an RMS roughness of only 1.8 nm for a comparable size. Regardless of the curtaining effect, grain boundaries and
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Published 28 May 2018

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

  • Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
  • Alexandre Merlen,
  • Jiawei Zhang,
  • Chahinez Dab,
  • Gregory Q. Wallace,
  • François Lagugné-Labarthet and
  • Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

Graphical Abstract
  • laser onto a gold tip. A schematic of the experimental setup can be found elsewhere [37]. The elastically backscattered signal detected by a PMT was studied here. To obtain a tip with a radius down to 10 nm and low surface roughness, the gold tips were fabricated by electrochemical etching. A 100 µm
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Published 23 May 2018

The electrical conductivity of CNT/graphene composites: a new method for accelerating transmission function calculations

  • Olga E. Glukhova and
  • Dmitriy S. Shmygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1254–1262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.117

Graphical Abstract
  • the remaining added points are used to construct the interpolating function. The interpolating two-dimensional function T1(E, ky) makes it possible to realize a detailed decomposition over ky values, ensuring smoothing of the initial roughness. Figure 3a shows maps of the transmission function T(E
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Published 20 Apr 2018

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

  • Anulekha De,
  • Sucheta Mondal,
  • Sourav Sahoo,
  • Saswati Barman,
  • Yoshichika Otani,
  • Rajib Kumar Mitra and
  • Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

Graphical Abstract
  • extracted the data from the centre of the arrays. The lateral cell size is well below the exchange length of Py (≈5.2 nm). The shapes introducing the actual edge roughness of the triangular holes have been derived from SEM images and the material parameters used for Py were gyromagnetic ratio γ′ = 17.6 MHz
  • have rounded corners, and hence suffer from small asymmetry in their shapes, the simulations have been performed by introducing the actual edge roughness of the triangular antidots. However, the precise edge roughness and deformation could not be reproduced by the finite difference method based
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Published 09 Apr 2018

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

  • Sebastian Schön and
  • Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

Graphical Abstract
  • , roughness [37] and or potential [38], or addition of varying surfactants [39]. Oscillatory structural forces can be described either theoretically via the solutions of numerical simulations [34][40][41][42] or statistical mechanics equations [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] or with a semi empirical approach
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Published 05 Apr 2018

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

  • Jaison Jeevanandam,
  • Ahmed Barhoum,
  • Yen S. Chan,
  • Alain Dufresne and
  • Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

Graphical Abstract
  • allows them to float on water without sinking [194][195]. Based on these reports, many artificial superhydrophobic materials with self-cleaning ability have been manufactured [196] through electrodeposition, photolithography and colloidal systems [197][198][199] with unique morphology and roughness [200
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Published 03 Apr 2018

Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy

  • Christopher C. Glover,
  • Jason P. Killgore and
  • Ryan C. Tung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87

Graphical Abstract
  • large normal stiffness to the AFM tip. Here we have neglected surface roughness, which will provide an upper bound to the fluid stiffness that is experimentally achievable. To estimate the vertical lift force and subsequent film stiffness generated by the surface water layer, we utilize a simple slider
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Published 21 Mar 2018

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

  • Joseph C. Cremaldi and
  • Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

Graphical Abstract
  • superhydrophobic functionality of the surface. In doing so, the rolling drops pick up or absorb particulates and dirt, cleaning the leaf. The superhydrophobic behavior is caused by a combination of hierarchical surface roughness at the nanometer and microscale combined with an epicuticular wax coating [32]. The
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Published 19 Mar 2018

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO2 grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

  • Silvia Vangelista,
  • Rossella Piagge,
  • Satu Ek and
  • Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

Graphical Abstract
  • atmosphere by using a graphite dome. Thickness, interface and surface roughness, and electronic density have been determined by data fitting using the MAUD software program [24]. MAUD has also been used for Rietveld refinement of GIXRD patterns, allowing to determine CeO2 cell parameter and crystallite size
  • Warwick, United Kingdom). The spin–orbit splitting and doublet intensity ratio have been set to fixed values from literature [30]. Results and Discussion First, we performed the XRR analysis on CeO2 films deposited on both TiN and Si to extract thickness, roughness and density of the films. By considering
  • annealed at 300 °C we found out that this mild annealing does not induce any significant change in the film thickness, roughness and density of CeO2. However, it is effective in the removal of the humidity absorbed at the surface, detected in the as-deposited samples only [8]. On the other side, when
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Published 15 Mar 2018

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

  • Elina A. Tastekova,
  • Alexander Y. Polyakov,
  • Anastasia E. Goldt,
  • Alexander V. Sidorov,
  • Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
  • Irina V. Sukhorukova,
  • Dmitry V. Shtansky,
  • Wolgang Grünert and
  • Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

Graphical Abstract
  • film oxidation in vapors of concentric nitric acid. The average contact angle value for reduced films varied depending on the roughness of the film while the presence of PVP molecules in the reaction media was less significantly influenced. For uniform nanostructured reduced films, the contact angle
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Published 14 Mar 2018

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

  • Katja Höflich,
  • Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
  • Katarzyna Madajska,
  • Maximilian Götz,
  • Luisa Berger,
  • Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
  • Caspar Haverkamp,
  • Iwona Szymanska and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

Graphical Abstract
  • precursor flux is slightly lower. The square deposits show the earlier observed surface roughness for both of the precursors. The corresponding EDX quantification points to an even higher silver content in case of the AgO2F5Prop precursor, while the small amount of oxygen is comparable. The determined
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Published 08 Mar 2018

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO2-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

  • Anna Różycka,
  • Agnieszka Iwan,
  • Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
  • Michal Filapek,
  • Natalia Górska,
  • Damian Pociecha,
  • Marek Malinowski,
  • Patryk Fryń,
  • Agnieszka Hreniak,
  • Jakub Rysz,
  • Paweł Dąbczyński and
  • Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

Graphical Abstract
  • topographies observed for SP1:TiO2 suggest higher TiO2 concentrations. The value of roughness (Rms) varied significantly depending on the measured layer. For SP1, the imine Rms value was 9.06 nm whereas for SP1:TiO2 (3:2 w/w) it was 78.21 nm. Moreover, for SP2, imine Rms was 175 nm while for SP2:TiO2
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Published 26 Feb 2018

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

  • Sven Oras,
  • Sergei Vlassov,
  • Marta Berholts,
  • Rünno Lõhmus and
  • Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

Graphical Abstract
  • meniscus between two contact surfaces [2]. The real contact area is another important parameter that can be modulated to tune the adhesion between two surfaces [3][4]. A nice example at nano/microscale has been given by S. Casado [5], who shows how the modulation of roughness and adhesion of two different
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Published 20 Feb 2018

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

  • Razieh Beigmoradi,
  • Abdolreza Samimi and
  • Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

Graphical Abstract
  • of the surface. In practice, this feature is used to study corrosion, cleanness, uniformity, roughness, adhesion, friction, size, etc. AFM, like SEM and TEM, is a suitable technique to characterize the alignment of CNTs, especially horizontal alignment; for instance, when the CNTs grow horizontally
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Published 05 Feb 2018

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

  • Olga V. Sinitsyna,
  • Georgy B. Meshkov,
  • Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
  • Alexander A. Antonov,
  • Inna G. Grigorieva and
  • Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

Graphical Abstract
  • and hydrogen peroxide solution, the surface became gray and matte, which indicated a significant change in the surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy of the HAPG surface before and after the treatment Raman spectra, recorded from the ordered regions on the HAPG surface before and after the treatment
  • unevenly arranged over the surface and have a wide size distribution. We found blisters with a diameter from 14 nm to 1430 nm and a height from 0.5 nm to 187 nm. The root mean square roughness measured in images with an area of 100 μm2 increased from 1–2 nm to ≈100 nm. The formation of blisters occurs if
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Published 02 Feb 2018

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

  • Stefan Fringes,
  • Felix Holzner and
  • Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

Graphical Abstract
  • but also to determine the onset of a scale dependent diffusion induced by the roughness of the confining surfaces. A comparison with theory indicates that hydrodynamic effects alone cannot explain the behavior observed. Materials and Methods Nanofluidic confinement apparatus A schematic illustration
  • of the confining surfaces can be determined. By tilting the sample, the phase difference was minimized using the cross-correlation of the corner to the center signals. The optical path difference between glass and substrate varies because of the inherent surface roughness of the contributing
  • flat and the refractive indices of polymer and glass are similar we approximate that all the phase differences originate from a roughness in the cover glass. The conversion from the phase shift to the gap distance is performed using the optical model mentioned above. The resulting gap distance image
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Published 26 Jan 2018

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

  • Liga Jasulaneca,
  • Jelena Kosmaca,
  • Raimonds Meija,
  • Jana Andzane and
  • Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

Graphical Abstract
  • difficult to fabricate due to their high intrinsic stress, large surface roughness and grain size, inherent porosity, and low strength. To date, there are rather few reports on metallic NEM switches [17][18][114][115]. Molybdenum is attractive as a NEM switch material due to its high melting temperature
  • layer. Another concern is the edge roughness of the as-fabricated beams that leads to variation in jump-in voltages and contact resistances for a given design [18]. To our knowledge, metal alloys used as NEM switching elements have been reported in only one study using a TiW switching element and W as
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Published 25 Jan 2018

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

  • Baeckkyoung Sung and
  • Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

Graphical Abstract
  • modulus, porosity, surface roughness, and local anisotropy [102]. LC hydrogels and implants in nematic and smectic-A phases LC-ordered anisotropic gels have great potential to be directly applied to regenerative medicine therapeutics, due to their intrinsic tissue compatibility. Thermally or
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Published 18 Jan 2018
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