Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• chains [42]. In other words, a higher uniformity of the chain lengths leads to higher integrity of the crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to uncover the nanomorphology of the gels. The images revealed a well-grown network structure composed of nanoribbon-shaped fibers (Figure 9), which

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• structure to accommodate sulfur, but also supplies numerous adsorption and catalytic sites for the polysulfides, thus significantly improving both the specific capacity and cycling performance of Li/S batteries. Figure 3a shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of as-prepared TiO2, which has been

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• 460 and 500 nm and polydispersity indices in the range of 0.153 and 0.213, indicating a narrow but not monodisperse size distribution (Table 1). The spherical shape and narrow size distribution of HSA nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as depicted for nanoparticles

• nanoparticle dilutions described above were transferred into a folded capillary cell and the experiment was conducted at 22 °C. Morphological analysis of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 3 µL of diluted HAS nanoparticle suspension (0.25 mg/mL) was applied on a 0.1 µm membrane filter

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, it can be seen that the surface morphology of the fibers of both samples looked identical and thus any kind of surface roughening leading to an increase of the surface area can be ignored. This is further supported by our previous study were the BET measurements

• were referenced to the C 1s peak of hydrocarbon at 285.0 eV binding energy, controlled by means of the well-known photoelectron peaks of metallic Cu, Ag, and Au. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The carbon surface fiber morphology was investigated in a Zeiss Supra 55 SEM with primary electron

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• = 2–60°) was applied and the goniometer was equipped with a Cu anode (Cu Kα, λ= 0.15406 nm) at a voltage of 40 kV and current of 35 mA. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Light microscope imaging was performed using a Motic microscope (BA210, Motic Deutschland GmbH, Germany

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• 4NCLG assemblies in ethanol was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Figure 2 shows the detailed SEM images of the self-assembled structures. Upon SEM observation, 2NCLG self-assembled into a right-handed helical nanofiber with a helical pitch of about 250 nm and a width of approximately 70

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• the components in a single homogeneous paste with subsequent thermal annealing. The composition and microstructure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• Experimental part. The characteristics of the synthesized materials are summarized in Table 1. Figure 2 shows the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of SiC (Figure 2a,c) and ZnO (Figure 2b,d) nanofibers in a polymer matrix (Figure 2a,b) and after annealing (Figure 2c,d). The polymeric fibers

• –Halenda) models. The morphology of the nanofibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a Carl Zeiss NVision 40 electron microscope with an intra-lens detector at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The IR spectra (FTIR) of the ZnO/SiC nanocomposites were taken on a Spectrum One (Perkin

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• proposes a new approach of hybrid metrology taking advantage of the complementary nature of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for measuring the main characteristic parameters of nanoparticle (NP) dimensions in 3D. The NP area equivalent, the minimal and the

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• predefined thickness values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations (FEI Quanta) were performed to observe the structures and morphology of the deposited surfaces. Given that the thickness of the quartz substrate is much greater than that of the ITO conductive film, a thin layer of gold was

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• -like material by filtration of the mixture on top of a filter. The self-assembled material was denoted as MoS2-based composite paper. A picture of the composite paper is shown in Figure 1. We investigated the morphology of this compound material by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with results shown

• electron microscopy (SEM) with a FEG electron source (Tescan Lyra dual beam microscope). The elemental composition and mapping were performed using an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyzer (X-MaxN) with a 20 mm2 SDD detector (Oxford Instruments) and AZtecEnergy software. A 10 kV beam was used for

• mV·s−1. For the n-butyllithium treated sample, the foil was left in n-butyllithium solution (2.5 M solution) for several days under inert Ar atmosphere. After that, water was added to the solution. The foil was then dried and used. Characterization The morphology was investigated using scanning

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• electrocatalysts. The bottom-up synthesis of these nanocomposites was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, and it is demonstrated that the hierarchical structures can be tuned with respect to thickness, length, and density of the CNTs. The activity of the Pt-CNT/CNT/GC

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• in absolute ethanol and subsequently dripped onto conducting carbon resin for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and onto carbon grids for TEM experiments. Microstructural characterization X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (λ

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• of W6+ (0.060 nm) [15]. Figure 2 presents the typical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of pure WO3 and Mn3O4/WO3 composites, where nanoparticles and nanorods with diameters in the range of 100–200 nm can be seen clearly. The samples present unconsolidated structures, which is favorable for

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• found in the survey spectrum. In addition, in the spectrum of Bi 4f, Si 2p, Cl 2p, O 1s, Ti 2p, the position of the peak has minor deviation, but the peak shape has not changed, which indicates that the BTD has not changed after photocatalysis. Morphology analysis Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• uniformly dispersed on the surface of the microcapsule. After Pt sputtering and removal of the silica core, the Janus UCNP capsule motors were obtained. As shown in Figure 1g, the as-prepared APTES-UCNPs were partially covered with a Pt cap, displaying a Janus structure. The scanning electron microscopy

• (SEM) image in Figure 1h further confirms the asymmetric distribution of Pt on the one side of the Janus UCNP capsule motors. Due to the partial coverage of the Pt layer, the Janus UCNP capsule motors show a semicircle shape under excitation with a 980 nm laser (Figure 1i). These results confirm that

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• freeze-casting to obtain the bioactive films (film-GOx) and the bioactive foams (foam-GOx), respectively, and were stored at 4 °C until usage. Characterization techniques The morphology of the prepared bionanocomposite films and foams was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a SEM

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• ). We used circle diameters (aperture sizes) of 10 µm and 20 µm. Continuous scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging with a secondary-electron detector was employed during milling to observe the transition between different material layers. FIB milling was stopped when a homogeneous contrast after the

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• experimental results, a function for reflection wavelength and observation angle is proposed. These results are useful for a possible application as visual sensor. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the photonic crystal with nanoscale grating pattern. The top

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• diffraction (XRD; X’Pert Pro, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands), while their morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Quanta 250, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs were obtained using an FEI Tecnai F20 field emission gun

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• circles) state. a) Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the cobalt ferrite consolidated derivative and b) a schematic illustration of the custom-made magnetostriction measurement setup. Main structural features of the CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles, prepared by the polyol process. Blocking

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• obtained inside the macroporous carbon felt. For the investigation of electrode structure and porosity X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen sorption (BET) were used. The electrochemical performance of the carbon felts was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• electron microscopy (SEM) was done by LEO model Supra 55VP SEM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were performed on a Titan Themis 80-300 microscope with probe and image spherical aberration (Cs) correctors, at 200 kV. Energy-dispersive X-ray

• of the ampoule. The concentration of Sr in the precursor is expressed as atom % (i.e., 100 − atom % of La). MLC SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 nanotubes with varying Sr compositions (Sr atom %: 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, corresponding to x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6, respectively) were prepared. Electron microscopy Scanning

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• this work we present samples prepared at substrate temperatures of 490, 530, and 580 °C; they will be referred to by their growth temperature. Characterization The surface morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a FEI Quanta 650 FEG SEM microscope. Scanning transmission

• representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of each sample surface. At the lowest growth temperature, 490 °C, Figure 1a, there is already evidence that individualized and separated nanodots are formed on the surface. All samples presented a large areal density of crystalline nanodots with a

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• FONP powder were measured by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, as shown in Figure 3d. From these results, 92% absorbance at 1560 nm can be observed. In Figure 4a–c, the microstructure of the FONP SA is confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the 4, 3 and 1 µm scale, respectively. It can be clearly

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• air-dry oven at 150 °C for 90 min after UV illumination. The switching time from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic was found to be reduced with increasing heating temperature. Characterization The microstructure of the coating surfaces was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS