Conducting composite materials from the biopolymer kappa-carrageenan and carbon nanotubes

• Ali Aldalbahi,
• Jin Chu,
• Peter Feng and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 415–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.48

• measurements can be used to determine the sol–gel transition of polymer solutions. A larger loss modulus (G˝) than storage modulus (G΄) in the linear viscoelastic region is indicative of solution-like behaviour. Whereas, the reverse (G΄ > G˝) is indicative of gel-like behaviour [44]. The KC solutions with

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• -35392 Giessen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.3.13 Abstract Ordered mesoporous, crystalline MgTa2O6 thin films with a mesoscopic nanoarchitecture were synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) in combination with a sol–gel procedure. Utilization of novel templates, namely the block copolymers KLE

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• condensation reaction is faster than on SiO2, and as a consequence the grafting of octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) on TiO2 is faster [16]. To some extent this is related to the known ability of Ti(OR)4 to catalyze silanol condensation in TiO2–SiO2 sol–gel systems. Since island formation of OTS molecules

• methods for growing titanium dioxide particles and films on SAMs: Liquid-phase deposition (LPD), atomic-layer deposition, and sol–gel. Within the context of growing TiO2 on SAMs, the LPD method is probably the most popular. It employs a solution containing TiF62− anions together with boric acid. The

• photoactive anatase phase at temperatures lower than 100 °C, compared with 300–350 °C required in the sol–gel process, or with 170–240 °C required in the TiCl4 process performed under vacuum [39]. Meanwhile, other low-temperature processes for producing anatase, such as the titanyl sulfate route [40], have

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• a ligand loss of the microtemplate [83]. In this way, the nanoparticles are not able to develop into a full-grown zeolite. Instead, they form assemblies by edge-sharing (Figure 7a), similar to the case in sol–gel synthesis [155], resulting in interparticle mesoporosity. The drawback in this

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• , which form spherical and cylindrical micelles, and which could thus allow for a better contact of the inorganic ceria sol with the electrospun polymer fibres during impregnation. After spray-coating followed by sol–gel transformation to the ceramic green body at 80 °C overnight, the green body was

• spray coated on the previously prepared polymer fibres by using a spray bottle (Roth, 50 mL). Afterwards, sol–gel transformation of the spray-coated sample was achieved in a furnace (Memmert) at 80 °C overnight. Plasma etching was performed by using a Diener Electronics PS Tech, Femto machine with 20

Ceria/silicon carbide core–shell materials prepared by miniemulsion technique

• Lars Borchardt,
• Martin Oschatz,
• Robert Frind,
• Emanuel Kockrick,
• Martin R. Lohe,
• Christoph P. Hauser,
• Clemens K. Weiss,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 638–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.67

• usually the inverse miniemulsion technique has to be applied. Here, water soluble precursor compounds (e.g., Ti- or Si-glycolates, Zr or Ce-salts) for sol–gel synthesis and, if desired, templating surfactants, such as CTAB, are dissolved in water, acting as the dispersed phase. After miniemulsification

• and sol–gel reaction, porous oxide nanoparticles are obtained [13][14][15][16][17]. However, miniemulsions can also be useful for the synthesis of nonoxide ceramics, such as carbides or nitrides, which can serve as catalysts or catalyst support for highly exothermic or high temperature reactions

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

• Miriam Keppeler,
• Jürgen Holzbock,
• Johanna Akbarzadeh,
• Herwig Peterlik and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 486–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.52

• solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) or a protic solvent that can form hydrogen bonds, such as water, was used. Keywords: inorganic–organic hybrid materials; mesoporous materials; nucleophilic substitution; silica; sol–gel chemistry; Introduction

• the application of diol/polyol-modified silanes [1][2][3][14][15][16][17][18]. Nakanishi and Lindén relied on polymerization-induced phase separation during sol–gel processing to form monolithic bodies with a hierarchical organisation of the pore structure at the meso- and macroscopic length scale [16

Novel acridone-modified MCM-41 type silica: Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence tuning

• Maximilian Hemgesberg,
• Gunder Dörr,
• Yvonne Schmitt,
• Andreas Seifert,
• Zhou Zhou,
• Robin Klupp Taylor,
• Sarah Bay,
• Stefan Ernst,
• Markus Gerhards,
• Thomas J. J. Müller and
• Werner R. Thiel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 284–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.33

• been successfully prepared by co-condensation of an appropriate organic precursor with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) under alkaline sol–gel conditions. The resulting material was fully characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM

• functionalized either by in situ post-sol–gel modification or by direct co-condensation of different types of organic precursors [3]. The latter method often leads to a more homogeneous distribution of the desired functionalization within the material. It also provides the possibility to characterize application

• -tailored sol–gel precursors prior to implementing them into the solid, thus increasing the depth of information compared to the data solely drawn from solid state measurements. Focusing on the synthesis of novel inorganic–organic hybrid materials, we also investigated new ways to produce trialkoxysilanes

Twofold role of calcined hydrotalcites in the degradation of methyl parathion pesticide

• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Geolar Fetter,
• María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejon,
• Adriana Tejeda-Cruz and
• Pedro Bosch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 99–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.11

• ] where M2+ may be replaced by trivalent metal cations, M3+, which give rise to positively charged layers. This charge is neutralized by Am−, a compensating anion with charge m such as CO32−, SO42−, Cl−, OH− or NO3− etc. The metal ratio (x = M3+/(M3+ + M2+)), and the synthesis procedure (sol–gel

Synthesis of LiNbO₃ nanoparticles in a mesoporous matrix

• Anett Grigas and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 28–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.3

• methods for the synthesis of LiNbO3 have been investigated such as the Czochralski method [6][7], the sol–gel route [8][9][10][11], and hydrothermal treatment [12][13][14]. Of all these synthetic approaches, only the hydrothermal treatment is suited for the preparation of nanosized particles due to the

Enhanced visible light photocatalysis through fast crystallization of zinc oxide nanorods

• Sunandan Baruah,
• Mohammad Abbas Mahmood,
• Myo Tay Zar Myint,
• Tanujjal Bora and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 14–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.3

• using microwave irradiation. Results and Discussion The ZnO nanoparticles obtained through the sol–gel synthesis (see section Experimental) are shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1b as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. The low-resolution TEM micrograph exhibits spherical nanoparticles with