Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• nanoparticles size measurements, especially in magnetic samples, has been previously reported and could be due to the high tendency of the nanoparticles to aggregate [43][44]. To attempt to overcome this problem, ultrasonic agitation was applied for about 10 min before the measurements. Nevertheless, it seems

Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid

• Ziren Yan,
• Ying Wu and
• Junwei Di

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.140

• calomel electrode (SCE) as reference electrode. Prior to deposition, the glasses were cleaned using dilute NH3·H2O, ethanol, and water for 10 min sequentially in an ultrasonic bath. Then the ITO strip was put into 0.2 mM AgNO3 and 0.1 M KNO3 and the Ag nanoseeds were deposited on the ITO surface by a

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• prepared by this method using 1% w/w of coumarin-6 (C6). 200 μL of an aqueous solution of 1% w/v Pluronic®F127 was added dropwise to the organic phase. Then, the solution was vortexed and emulsified by sonication at an ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz. The emulsion was subsequently poured into 2.5 mL of 0.1

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• supercritical carbon dioxide [23][24], ultrasonic treatment [25][26] or H2 plasma treatment [27], for instance. Glucose sensors based on PtRu/MWNT have been elaborated as well [28]. These studies on Ru–Pt/MWNT materials give at best global EDX analyses [10][11][17] and XPS results [15]. However, these are both

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• -dimethylformamide, ultrasonically stirred for 20 min at room temperature (200 W Ultrasonic Bath, Selecta S.A., Spain), and subsequently airbrushed (JB1113N automatic dispenser and nozzle, Fisnar, Inc., USA) onto Au comb electrodes (electrode gap was 500 μm) screen-printed on alumina substrates. The resistance of

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• .) spectrometer (130 eV energy resolution, 1 nm spatial resolution). To perform the measurements, the core–shell nanopowders were diluted in ethanol, subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, and precipitated onto a carbon film fixed to a copper grid. TEM micrograph of the Cu@silica nanoparticles. a) Overview, b

Stiffness of sphere–plate contacts at MHz frequencies: dependence on normal load, oscillation amplitude, and ambient medium

• Jana Vlachová,
• Rebekka König and
• Diethelm Johannsmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.87

• far, the discussion has been concerned with linear contact mechanics. The experiment is easy and there are few other techniques that give access to the same data (mostly the AFM and ultrasonic reflectometry). Importantly, the QCM also accesses the (weakly) nonlinear regime and it does so rather easily

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• were taken out of the screw cap bottle, rinsed with water, carefully washed with ethanol in an ultrasonic bath, and dried at 60 °C. Third step: second CBD. The second CBD step was performed according to the reaction conditions reported by Baxter and Schmuttenmaer [48]. 2.97 g of zinc dinitrate

• arranged by a Teflon holder. The reaction was initiated by heating the screw cap bottle rapidly to 85 °C under gentle stirring. After one hour, the glass slides were removed from the screw cap bottle, rinsed with water, carefully washed with ethanol in an ultrasonic bath, and dried at 60 °C

Mapping of elasticity and damping in an α + β titanium alloy through atomic force acoustic microscopy

• M. Kalyan Phani,
• Anish Kumar,
• T. Jayakumar,
• Walter Arnold and
• Konrad Samwer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.79

• one of the heat-treated samples. The volume fractions of the phases and the modulus measured through AFAM are used to derive average modulus of the bulk sample which is correlated with the bulk elastic properties obtained by ultrasonic velocity measurements. The average modulus of the specimens

• estimated by AFAM technique is found to be within 5% of that obtained by ultrasonic velocity measurements. The effect of heat treatments on the ultrasonic attenuation in the bulk sample could also be understood based on the damping measurements on individual phases using AFAM. Keywords: atomic force

• microscopy (AFM) techniques, such as ultrasonic atomic force microscopy (UAFM) [3], and atomic force acoustic microscopy [4] have emerged for the characterization of elastic properties of materials with nanometer resolution. UAFM and AFAM work with a similar principle and only vary in the excitation of the

Exploring plasmonic coupling in hole-cap arrays

• Thomas M. Schmidt,
• Maj Frederiksen,
• Vladimir Bochenkov and
• Duncan S. Sutherland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.1

• sequential ultrasonic agitation for 10 min in acetone, ethanol and deionized water followed by drying under N2 flow. Just before fabrication the surface was cleaned from any residual organic contaminated by a 20 min UV/ozone treatment in a purpose built machine with the sample placed ≈10 mm from a 100 W

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• , confirms this conclusion. Experimental A hot-rolled plate of copper, as supplied by Aldrich (purity 99.98%), was first mechanically polished with alumina powder to a mirror finish then carefully washed with water and ethanol in an ultrasonic bath. The smooth plate was immersed for one minute in a

Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices

• Stephanie Hirn,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Matthias Epple,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Markus Rehberg and
• Fritz Krombach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253

• 98% SiO2 were obtained from US Silica Company (Berkeley Springs, WV, USA). Immediately before incubation with PCLS, quartz particles were dispersed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in distilled water. Subsequently, the suspension was vortexed for 1 min followed by ultrasonic bath for 1 min. This

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• strategies presents advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of application. In this contribution, we summarize some of the chemical procedures used to obtain graphene dispersions for various applications. Special emphasis is placed on the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite by ultrasonic

• conditions, graphite is exfoliated as high-quality graphene [18]. Ultrasonic techniques A versatile and simple strategy to exfoliate graphite in liquid phase is based on the use of ultrasonic wave treatment. Ultrasound techniques have important applications in a wide range of materials synthesis strategies

• [19]. The physical and chemical phenomena associated with ultrasonic waves are cavitation and nebulization. Cavitation induces extreme conditions by collapsing air bubbles which initiates chemical reactions, while nebulization furthers the reaction within the heated droplets. These processes induce

Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles

• Matthias G. Wacker,
• Mahmut Altinok,
• Stephan Urfels and
• Johann Bauer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235

• added and the suspension was finally filled up to 500 mL. The suspension was incubated at 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (Bandelin electronic, Berlin, Germany) and the pH was determined again. The USPIO particle content was determined by microgravimetry. Additionally, the content of Fe(III) was quantified

• were stirred for a minimum of 3 h and purified by 3 cycles of centrifugation (16100g, 8 min) and redispersion in 1.0 mL water over 5 min in an ultrasonic bath (Bandelin electronic, Berlin, Germany). Determination of particle size, size distribution, and surface characteristics The average particle size

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• conditions (10−8 mbar). The substrates were cleaned in acetone and ethanol for 5 minutes each in an ultrasonic bath. On top of the cobalt, the TbPc2 films were prepared by organic molecular beam deposition at a rate of 0.5 nm/min at a pressure below 10−7 mbar. The evaporation took place at a temperature of

Photodetectors based on carbon nanotubes deposited by using a spray technique on semi-insulating gallium arsenide

• Domenico Melisi,
• Maria Angela Nitti,
• Marco Valentini,
• Antonio Valentini,
• Teresa Ligonzo,
• Giuseppe De Pascali and
• Marianna Ambrico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1999–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.208

• 10 and 30 nm. The procedure for the preparation of the solution is reported elsewhere [7]. The only difference is that an ultrasonic atomizer NS60K50-Sonaer 60 kHz system has been used in place of an airbrush, in order to obtain a better film uniformity. Due to the low deposition temperature (60 °C

• image of the two device layouts used: single face sample (SFS) and double face sample (DFS). TEM micrographs of CNTs dispersion spray obtained by means of: the ultrasonic atomizer a); the airbrush b). Scale bars: 100 nm. SEM image of the MWCNT film on a semi-insulating gallium arsenide substrate. Dark

High speed e-beam lithography for gold nanoarray fabrication and use in nanotechnology

• Jorge Trasobares,
• François Vaurette,
• Marc François,
• Hans Romijn,
• Jean-Louis Codron,
• Dominique Vuillaume,
• Didier Théron and
• Nicolas Clément

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1918–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.202

• surfaces and nanodots to 1 mM solution of 11-ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol (from Aldrich) in 80% ethanol (VLSI grade from Carlo Erba) 20% dichloromethane during 24 h in a glovebox in the darkness. Then, we rinsed the treated substrates with ethanol followed by a cleaning in an ultrasonic bath of chloroform

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• samples. Before taking the spectra, an energy calibration was performed using the Au and Si edges (reference sample: Au deposited on the glass). For HRXTEM analysis, the sample was cut in 4 × 5 mm pieces using an ultrasonic disc cutter. These pieces were glued together (face-to-face and face-to-back) to

• form a cross. A 2.3 mm-diameter piece was drilled out (along the cross section) using an ultrasonic cutter. This piece was fixed (using epoxy) in a 3 mm-diameter brass tube. Thin slices were cut from this tube for mechanical thinning up to 100 µm. Then, the center of the slice was dimpled to achieve 20

Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

• Wojciech Kempiński,
• Szymon Łoś,
• Mateusz Kempiński and
• Damian Markowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1760–1766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.186

• nanoparticles and allow for observation of the changes in the quasi-graphitic ordering induced by ultrasonic irradiation and with the so-called quasi-high pressure effect under adsorption conditions. Structural changes have strong influence on the electronic properties, especially the localization of charge

• graphite were treated with ultrasonic irradiation [16]. This procedure results in the development of an internal strain which generates the stacking fault by shifting the layers laterally as well as increasing the distance between them. The in-plane coherence length and the degree of three dimensional

• crystal, especially along the crystallographic c direction perpendicular to the graphene layers. Translation of these layers is the mechanical consequence of ultrasonic radiation. An accurate analysis reveals the presence of a set of extra peaks whose positions suggest the occurrence of a rhombohedral

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• light scattering) were measured in ultrapure water and in cell medium (see section ‘Cell culture’ for details) with a Zetasizer Nano (Malvern Instruments, UK). In order to break down agglomerates, the resulting solution was vortexed for 10 s, treated in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min and vortexed again

• growth. Before addition to cells, the solution was vortexed for 10 s, treated in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min and vortexed again for 10 s. After the incubation time, and just before measurements, the cell membrane was stained with a solution of 10 µg·mL−1 wheat germ agglutinin, Alexa Fluor® 488 (Life

A sonochemical approach to the direct surface functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

• Bashiru Kayode Sodipo and
• Azlan Abdul Aziz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1472–1476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.160

• synthesized in an ice bath for heat dissipation. The colloidal suspension of SPION was initially dispersed for 2 min by using a Vibra-Cell ultrasonic horn. Subsequently, APTES was then added and the mixture was further sonicated for 20 min. The resulting product was left overnight and then separated with

• magnets (1.5 T, for details see Supporting Information File 1). The ultrasonic irradiation of the mixture causes the formation, growth and collapse of bubbles (acoustic cavitation process) within the liquid content. These bubbles behave as individual microreactors as they are often accompanied by a

Near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical fabrication of nanopatterns of a self-assembled silane monolayer

• Ulrich C. Fischer,
• Carsten Hentschel,
• Florian Fontein,
• Linda Stegemann,
• Christiane Hoeppener,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Stefanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1441–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.156

• and water in an ultrasonic bath. Exposure conditions In process 1 an area of about 1 mm2 of the sandwich structure was exposed to light of a 75 W high pressure Xenon arc lamp for 1 h in an epi-fluorescence microscope by using an objective lens of a NA of 0.5. According to the absorption peak of the

• fluorescein dye at around 496 nm a bandpass filter around 480 nm was used to define the spectral region of the excitation source. After exposure and removal of the mask the sample was cleaned in an ultrasonic water bath and thoroughly rinsed with water. For process 2 a sandwich of mask 2 and an APTES SAM was

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• at 343–363 K and then heated to 723 K for 2.5 h in a tube furnace in N2 stream. Characterization of zeolite-supported gold NPs by STEM and EDX For transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations, samples of the zeolite-supported gold NPs were dispersed in ethanol using an ultrasonic bath

Topology assisted self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles: application to 2D large-scale nanomastering

• Hind Kadiri,
• Serguei Kostcheev,
• Daniel Turover,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel,
• Komla Nomenyo,
• Anisha Gokarna and
• Gilles Lerondel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.132

• pitch varied between 5 to 20 times the diameters of the beads (Figure 1). Self-organization of PS beads on patterned silicon substrate PS beads were deposited on the silicon patterned substrates by a convective self-assembly technique. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the entire process. The ultrasonic

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• water using an ultrasonic water bath. Then, 400 µL activation buffer were added to the ND-DGEA suspension and the mixture was continuously mixed for 30 min. 500 µL of DOX (1 mg/mL) was added, and the mixture was continuously mixed for an additional hour. Last, 400 µL of the pH 8.5 coupling buffer was